Munira Thabit

Munira Thabit
Rayuwa
Cikakken suna	Munira
Haihuwa	Alexandria, 1902
ƙasa	Misra Daular Usmaniyya
Ƙabila	African people (en)
Harshen uwa	Egyptian Arabic (en)
Mutuwa	Kairo, 1967
Ƴan uwa
Mahaifi	Thabit
Karatu
Makaranta	French Law School of Cairo (en)
Harsuna	Larabci Egyptian Arabic (en)
Sana'a
Sana'a	lauya, ɗan jarida da marubuci

Munira Thabit (ko Mounira Thabet) (Arabic) (1902-1967) ɗan jaridar Masar ne kuma marubuci, wanda aka sani da ɗaya daga cikin 'yan jarida na farko da suka nemi daidaito ga maza da mata. Ita ce mace ta farko da ta yi rajista a Makarantar Shari'a ta Faransa ta Alkahira kuma ta farko da za ta sami lasisi en droit (digirin karatun digiri na Faransanci) wanda ya ba ta damar yin aiki a gaban Kotun Mixed ta Masar. Duk da bambancin da ta samu a matsayin mace lauya ta farko a Misira, shingen yin aiki da doka a matsayin mace, ya kai ta ga neman aikin rubutu.

Rayuwa ta farko

An haifi Munira Thabit a shekara ta 1902, ko kuma mai yiwuwa 1906 a Alexandria ga mahaifiyar Turkiyya da Masar mai ilimi da kuma mahaifin da yake ma'aikacin Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida. Bayani game da rayuwarta ba su da yawa saboda da gangan ba ta haɗa da labaran sirri a cikin tarihinta don sake mayar da hankali ga batutuwan jama'a da siyasa ba. Ta halarci makarantar Italiyanci a Alkahira, tana koyon rudiments na Turanci da Italiyanci, sannan ta halarci makarantar firamare ta gwamnati. Bayan ta sami difloma ta makarantar sakandare a 1924, ta rubuta wasika ga majalisa tana sukar kundin tsarin mulki na 1923 wanda bai ba mata damar shiga cikin hanyoyin zabe ba kuma su yi takara a matsayin 'yan takara. A shekara ta 1925, Thabit ta shiga matsayin mace ta farko a Makarantar Shari'a ta Faransa ta Alkahira kuma daga baya ta sami lasisin ta a Paris, a 1933, ta zama mace ta farko da ta zama lauya a Masar. An ba ta izinin yin jayayya ne kawai a gaban Kotun Mixed ta Masar, kuma ta fuskanci shingen shiga mata, sai ta juya zuwa aikin jarida.

Ayyuka

Tsakanin 1923 da 1933, Thabit ta yi gwagwarmaya don shiga cikin Kungiyar Mata ta Masar (EFU) (Arabic). Saboda ta fito ne daga matsakaicin matsayi da kuma ma'aikata, matan da suka jagoranci EFU sun hana ta da ra'ayinta shiga cikin kungiyar su. Ta yi imanin cewa mata sun cancanci daidaito a duk fannoni na al'umma, gami da ilimi, aure da aiki, da kuma zaɓin su na sa ko a sa mayafin. Thabit ta kafa mujallar harshen Faransanci, l'Espoir a cikin 1925 kuma bayan shekara guda tare da taimakon ɗan jarida Abd al-Qadir Hamza ta kafa al-Amal, jaridar mata ta farko ta Wafdist. Ita da Hamza sun yi aure, amma auren nan da nan ya rabu kuma mujallu biyu suna da bugawa a lokacin da take makaranta. Daga nan sai ta fara rubuta labarai ga Al-Ahram a gayyatar Antun Jumayyil, wanda ta ci gaba har zuwa mutuwarsa a 1948. A lokacin karatunta na jami'a a Faransa, Thabit ta halarci taron jarida na kasa da kasa a 1928 a Cologne, Jamus, a matsayin wakilin Masar, tunda an dauke ta a matsayin babbar 'yar jarida ta Masar a wannan lokacin.

Munira Thabit

Lokacin da Thabit ta kammala digiri na shari'a a 1933, EFU ta gayyace ta da sauran wadanda suka kammala karatunsu kwanan nan zuwa wata ƙungiya don girmama nasarorin da suka samu kuma a karon farko, an ba ta damar saka wasu batutuwan da suka kasance da muhimmanci a gare ta a cikin ajanda na haƙƙin mata. Dole ne ta amince da tsarin da aka yi wa mata a cikin al'umma don samun tasiri a cikin shirye-shiryen su ko manufofi. Ta rubuta wata kasida game da yarjejeniyar Anglo-Masar ta 1936 tana sukar yarjejeniyar. A cikin 1938, ta shiga cikin Taron Mata na Gabas da aka gudanar a Alkahira tana matsawa ga kishin kasa na Larabawa. A shekara ta 1939, a gayyatar Huda Sha'arawi, wanda ya kasance shugaban EFU, Thabit da Ceza Nabarawi sun halarci taron Alliance of Women na Duniya da aka gudanar a Copenhagen. An yi wa Thabit gargadi cewa dole ne ba ta haɗa da wani ajanda na juyin juya hali ko matsawa don haƙƙin siyasa ba, amma a maimakon haka dole ne ta goyi bayan zaman lafiya kuma ta yarda da tsarin mulkin mallaka da aka bayar. Daga cikin waɗannan tarurruka, ya zo wahayi na Thabit don littafinta na 1939 "ja" (wani bayani game da wani abu mai haɗari) na قضية فلسطين (The Cause of Palestine), a matsayin martani ga fararen takarda na Burtaniya da kuma kalubalantar mulkin mallaka na Yamma.

Thabit ba mai zaman lafiya ba ce, a maimakon haka, ta yi ba'a da kirkirar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. A maimakon haka ta so mata a Misira su zana kan al'adunsu kuma su tuna cewa a baya, kafin Yammacin Turai, mata sun yi mulki a kasar. A shekara ta 1946, ta rubuta jerin labaran da ke sukar tattaunawar Bevin-Sidqi, inda Ernest Bevin Sakataren Harkokin Waje na Burtaniya da Firayim Ministan Masar Isma'il Sidqi Pasha daga baya suka amince cewa Burtaniya za ta kwashe Alexandria da Alkahira amma za a gayyace su koma cikin kasar idan harin kan iyaka ya faru. A wannan shekarar, ta wallafa tarihinta, wanda ya mayar da hankali ne kawai kan sharhin jama'a da siyasa a lokacin rayuwarta, don ramawa da ikirarin cewa mata ba su da ikon yin bincike mai tsanani kuma sun mayar da hankali kan labarun wauta.

A cikin aikinta na baya, Thabit ta taimaka wajen kafa kungiyar 'yan jarida ta Masar. A cikin shekarun 1950, ta matsa wa Ma'aikatar Ilimi don cire ƙuntatawa cewa a kan aure mata dole ne su yi murabus daga mukaman koyarwa. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa ga kare farar hula a lokacin Rikicin Suez na 1956 kuma a shekara mai zuwa ta yi ƙoƙari mara nasara ga Majalisar dokokin Masar. A shekara ta 1960, a ƙarshe ta rufe al-Amal, lokacin da Shugaba Nasser ya ba da umarnin cewa duk kungiyoyin manema labarai dole ne su mika kamfanonin su ga Ƙungiyar Ƙasa kuma su zama ƙasa a ƙarƙashin ikon gwamnati. A wannan lokacin, Thabit ta rasa idanunta kuma ta yi tafiya zuwa kasashen waje a 1964 don samun nasara don dawo da hangen nesa. Ta mutu a Alkahira a watan Satumbar 1967.

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