Musulunci a Armenia

Musulunci ya fara shiga cikin tsaunin Armenia a cikin karni na bakwai. Larabawa, kuma daga baya Kurdawa, kabilun sun fara zama a Armenia bayan mamayewar Larabawa na farko kuma sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin siyasa da zamantakewa na Armenia. Tare da mamayewar Seljuk na ƙarni na goma sha ɗaya da na goma sha biyu, ɓangaren Turkic ya maye gurbin na Larabawa da Kurdawa. Tare da kafa Daular Safavid ta Iran, Daular Afsharid, Daular Zand da Daular Qajar, Armenia ta zama wani bangare na duniyar Shia, yayin da har yanzu tana riƙe da asalin Kirista mai zaman kansa. Matsi da aka kawo a kan tilasta mulkin kasashen waje ta hanyar maye gurbin jihohin musulmai ya tilasta wa yawancin Armeniyawa a Anatolia da abin da ke Armenia a yau su tuba zuwa Islama kuma su shiga cikin al'ummar musulmi. An kuma tilasta wa 'yan Armenia da yawa su tuba zuwa addinin Musulunci, a kan hukuncin kisa, a cikin shekarun kisan kiyashin Armeniya.

Tarihi

Musulmai na farko na Armenia

Farqad Sabakhi (died 729 AD) was an Armenian Muslim preacher and a companion of Hassan Basri's. As a result, he is considered one of the Tabi'in (the next generation of companions). Farqad Sabakhi was originally a Christian. Farqad Sabakhi probably raised the famous Karkhi, who played a pivotal role in shaping Sufism. Sabakhi was known for his ascetic life and knowledge of the Judeo-Christian scriptures.

Hare-haren Larabawa

  The Muslim Arabs first invaded Armenia in 639, under the leadership of Abd ar-Rahman ibn Rabiah, 18,000 Arabs penetrated the district of Taron and the region of the Lake of Van.  Prince Theodoros Rshtuni led the Armenian defense. In about 652, a peace agreement was made, allowing Armenians freedom of religion. Prince Theodoros traveled to Damascus, where he was recognized by the Arabs as the ruler of Armenia, Georgia and Caucasian Albania.

A ƙarshen ƙarni na bakwai, manufofin KHalifa game da Armenia da bangaskiyar Kirista sun yi tauri. An aika wakilan musamman na Khalifa da ake kira ostikans (gwamnoni) don mulkin Armenia. Gwamnonin sun sanya birnin Dvin zama gidansu. Kodayake an ayyana Armenia a matsayin yankin Khalifa, kusan dukkanin Armeniyawa, kodayake ba duka ba, sun kasance masu aminci ga Kiristanci. A farkon karni na takwas, kabilun Larabawa daga Hejaz da Fertile Crescent sun fara ƙaura zuwa da zama a manyan biranen Armeniya, kamar Dvin, Diyarbekir, Manzikert, da Apahunik'.

Zamanin Tsakiya

Musulmi a Armenia ya ci gaba da karfi a lokacin tsakiyar zamanai. Bayan cin nasarar Byzantine a Manzikert a cikin 1071, raƙuman ruwa na makiyaya na Turkic da ke tafiya daga Asiya ta Tsakiya da arewacin Iran sun shiga kuma daga ƙarshe sun zauna a duk faɗin Armenia da Anatolia.

Yawancin Armeniyawa sun kasance Krista a wannan lokacin lokacin lokacin da Yammacin Armenia ya rabu tsakanin jihohin musulmi bayan mamayar Seljuk. Kodayake wasu Armeniyawa sun tuba zuwa addinin Musulunci kuma sun zama mambobi masu tasiri na al'ummar Beylik, gine-ginen Armeniya sun rinjayi gine-ginin Seljuk, kuma yawancin Armenian Nakharars sun kasance shugabannin masu cin gashin kansu na al'umma Armeniya a ƙarƙashin Musulmi Emirs A Erzincan, Tayk, Sassoun, da Van. Musulmai sun yi aure da Armeniyawa, Musamman Shaddadids na Ani waɗanda suka yi aure da matan Bagratid. Akwai Sarkin Van mai suna Ezdin wanda ke da tausayi ga Armeniya kuma an ce ya fito ne daga Seneqerim Hovhannes Artsruni, sarkin Vaspurakan. Dan yarima na Armeniya Taharten, gwamnan Erzinjan, Ɗansa da 'yar sarki na Trebizond ya tuba zuwa Islama kuma Timur ya sanya shi gwamnan erzincan.

A ƙarƙashin Daular Ottoman

Daular Ottoman ta yi mulki bisa ga dokar Islama. Saboda haka, Mutanen Littafin (Kiristoci da Yahudawa) dole ne su biya haraji don cika matsayinsu na dhimmi kuma a sakamakon haka an tabbatar da ikon cin gashin kai na addini. Duk da yake Armeniyawa na Constantinople sun amfana daga goyon bayan Sultan kuma sun zama al'umma mai wadata, ba za a iya faɗi haka ba game da waɗanda ke zaune a Armenia ta tarihi. A lokutan rikici waɗanda ke cikin yankuna masu nisa na tsaunuka sau da yawa dole ne su sha wahala (tare da yawan Musulmai da suka zauna) hare-hare daga kabilun Kurdawa masu zaman kansu. Armeniyawa, kamar sauran Kiristoci na Ottoman (ko da yake ba daidai ba ne), dole ne su canja wasu daga cikin 'ya'yansu maza masu lafiya zuwa gwamnatin Sultan saboda manufofin devshirme da ke wurin.

A lokacin Ottoman an tilasta wa 'yan Armenia da yawa su tuba zuwa addinin Islama a duk faɗin Yammacin Armenia ta hanyar kisan kiyashi, matsin lamba, da haraji mai tsanani. An lura da sauye-sauye da yawa a gabashin Anatolia, musamman a Hamshen, Yusufeli, Tortum, İspir, BBayburt EErzincan Musamman malami na Armeniya Hakob (Yakob) Karnetsi ya bayyana juyin juya halin Musulunci. A yankin TTayk ke kewaye da TTortum an ba da wani malamin musulmi mai suna Mullah Jaffar alhakin daga gwamnatin Ottoman don karɓar ƙididdigar lardin EErzurum kuma karɓar haraji. Bayan Mullah Jaffar ya sanya haraji mai yawa, Armeniyawa na Chalcedonian waɗanda ke cikin CCocin Orthodox na Georgia sun kasance rabin yawan jama'a a kwarin Tortum sun tuba zuwa Islama yayin da Armeniyawa na Manzanni ba su yi ba, kamar yadda Karnetsi ya bayyana.[1]

A yankin İspir (Sper a cikin Armenian), an ƙone ƙauyuka 100 na Armeniya a cikin 1723 kuma yawancin jama'a sun tuba zuwa Islama da karfi. A yankin YYusufeli(Pertakrak a Armenian), firist na KKatolika na Armeniya ya rubuta cewa yawancin Musulmai Armeniya ne a asalin amma sun tuba zuwa Islama don guje wa haraji mai nauyi da zalunci a farkon shekarun 1700; Inchichiyan ya ziyarci ƙauyen Khewag (YYusufeli" id="mwog" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Yaylalar, Yusufeli">Yaylalar kuma ya sadu da Armeniyawa masu Musulunci a ƙauyen. Armeniyawa na Yusufeli galibi Chalcedoniyawa ne kamar Armeniyawa na TTortum musuluntawa.[ lardin UUrfa akwai ƙauyuka uku na Armeniya da aka rubuta suna magana da yaren da ya yi kama da AArmenian na gargajiya[ ya kuma rubuta cewa yankin KKemah Erzincan ya kasance Armeniya kuma cewa mazaunanta Musulmai ma sun kasance daga asalin Armeniya.

A farkon shekarun 1500, Ottomans sun tilasta haraji ta hanyar kashe Armeniyawa 10,000 a Bayburt, Erzincan, Ispir, Erzurum, kuma sun tilasta wa wasu 50,000 zuwa Islama. A yankin Dersim, Armenian Patriarchate na Constantinople ya ba da rahoton cewa kungiyoyin Armeniyawa sun tuba zuwa Alevi Islam kuma sun haɗu da Kurdish Zazas waɗanda suka yi ƙaura zuwa Armenia a lokacin mulkin Ottoman. Hakazalika a yankin Palu wasu ƙauyukan Armeniya sun tuba zuwa addinin Sunni kuma sun shiga cikin al'ummar Sunni Zaza.

Sauye-sauyen tilasta lokaci-lokaci sun haifar da wani aji na Armeniya na crypto-Kirista da ake kira Kes-kes (Half-half) waɗanda ke yin al'adun Kirista da Musulmi. Armeniyawa da suka tuba zuwa addinin Musulunci sun rasa asalin Armeniya saboda sun sauya milts, amma da yawa sun ci gaba da yaren Armeniya da al'adun. A gabashin Anatolia, duk da haka, an yi Turkified sai dai ga Armeniyawa na Hamshen waɗanda suka riƙe yarensu a cikin tsaunukan Pontic da aka ware har sai an buɗe makarantun Musulmi na Turkiyya a cikin 1800s kuma yammacin Hemshin ya zama Turkified yayin da malaman Musulmi suka hukunta harshen Armeniya a matsayin zunubi. A Turkiyya kawai Hopa Hemshin ne suka adana yarensu, wanda ya zama Yaren Homshetsi na Armeniya, a zamanin zamani.

A lokacin Kisan kiyashi na Hamidian lokacin da gwamnatin Ottoman ta zuga kabilun Kurdawa don kai farmaki da lalata ƙauyukan Armeniya an tilasta wa yawancin Armeniyawa su tuba zuwa Islama a duk gabashin Anatolia. A Diyarbakir an tuba 20,000, yayin da mutane da yawa suka tuba a Mush, Van, da Erzurum. Kodayake wasu sun koma Kristanci bayan kisan kiyashi ya ƙare, da yawa sun kasance Musulmai kuma sun zama Kurdified da Turkified. A yankin Sivas a farkon karni na 19 yawancin ƙauyukan Armeniya sun tuba da karfi zuwa addinin Islama ta hanyar karamar hukuma. Ƙauyen Cancova (Cancik) a Zara ƙauye ne na iyalai 400 na Armeniya a 1877, amma iyalai 48 ne kawai suka kasance Krista a karni na 20. Katolika Armenians na Perkinik sun ba da rahoton cewa ƙauyensu makwabtaka na Glkhategh (yanzu Uzuntepe) ƙauyen Armeniya ne kuma an tilasta wa Armeniyawa tuba zuwa Islama da Turkified.

A lokacin Kisan kare dangi na Armeniya na 1915, yawancin Armeniyawa sun tuba zuwa addinin Musulunci don tserewa daga korarsu da kisan gilla.

A karkashin Daular Iran

Masallacin Blue, Yerevan, masallaci ne kawai mai aiki a Armenia.

Safavids na Iran (waɗanda suka canza daga kasancewa Sunni zuwa Musulmai Shia a lokacin), sun kafa cikakken iko a kan Armenia da kuma nesa tun lokacin Shah Ismail I a farkon karni na 16. Ko da yake sau da yawa suna gasa tare da Ottomans a kan yankin, abin da ke a yau Armenia koyaushe ya kasance wani ɓangare na yankin Farisa, a cikin ƙarni masu zuwa har sai sun ba da shi ga Rasha bayan Yaƙin Russo-Persian (1826-1828). Yawancin Armeniyawa sun shiga ayyukan Safavid, a cikin gwamnatin farar hula da soja (wanda ake kira ghulams) tun lokacin Shah Abbas the Great. Musamman daga cikin wadannan manyan sojoji, ghulams (a zahiri ma'ana bayi), da yawa daga cikinsu sun tuba Armeniyawa, tare da yawancin Circassians da Georgians. Kafin shiga waɗannan ayyuka, ko a cikin gwamnatin farar hula ko soja, koyaushe dole ne su tuba zuwa Islama, kamar a Daular Ottoman, amma waɗanda suka kasance Krista (amma ba za su iya zuwa matsayi mafi girma ba) ba su biya ƙarin haraji ba kamar Daular Ottomans ba.

A matsayin wani ɓangare na manufofin duniya mai ƙonewa na Abbas a lokacin yaƙe-yaƙe da Ottomans, da kuma bunkasa tattalin arzikin daularsa, shi kaɗai ya fitar da wasu Armeniyawa 300,000 daga tsaunukan Armenia ciki har da yankin Armenia ta zamani, zuwa tsakiyar Iran. Don cika gibin da aka kirkira a waɗannan yankuna, ya kafa yawancin Musulmai Turcomans da Kurds a cikin yankuna don kare iyakoki daga Turks na Ottoman, yana mai da yankin Armenia ya mamaye Musulmi. Wadanda suka gaje shi sun ci gaba da yin karin waɗannan fitarwa da maye gurbin Turcomans da Kurds. Safavid suzerains kuma sun kirkiro Erivan Khanate a kan yankin, suna mai da shi kama da tsarin da aka yi a lokacin Achaemenid satraps za su mallaki yankin a maimakon sarki suna barin duk tsaunukan Armenia su kasance Musulmi, har zuwa farkon karni na 19.

A lokacin da 'yan Iran suka ba da ikon mallakarsu na tsawon ƙarni a kan Armenia, yawancin jama'a a cikin abin da ke yanzu Armenia Musulmai ne. (Persians, Azerbaijani, Kurds da Arewacin Caucasians)

Saboda himma na Shi'a na farko na Safavids don canza duk mutanen Iran zuwa Musulunci na Shia, an matsa wa yawancin Armeniya su tuba a duk Gabashin Armenia. Malaman addinin Musulunci sun zartar da wata doka da ta bayyana cewa duk wani Armeniya da ya tuba zuwa addinin Musulmi zai gaji dukiyar danginsa har zuwa ƙarni na 7, saboda wannan doka yawancin Armeniyawa a Safavid Armenia sun fara tuba zuwa addinan Musulunci. Diocese na Katolika na Nakhichevan ya ba da rahoton cewa a tsakiyar 1600s iyalai 130 na Armeniya na ƙauyukan Saltaq, Kirne sun tuba zuwa Islama don kauce wa rasa kayansu. Diocese din ya roki Paparoma da Sarkin Spain da su yi roƙo tare da Shah na Iran don rage tsanantawa ga Armeniyawa. A cikin shekarun 1700 masu wa'azi na Katolika sun yi gargadin cewa idan juyowa na tilasta ba ta tsaya ba, duk yawan mutanen Armeniya na Kirista za su ɓace daga juyowa da Turkification, suna rubuta cewa akwai 'yan Armeniya kaɗan da suka rage a ƙauyen Ganza a lardin Ordubad.

Lokacin Tsarist

A lokacin marigayi Tsarist yawan Musulmai sun kasance da yawa a yankin Armenia na yanzu. A cikin Ƙididdigar Daular Rasha ta 1897 yawan Musulmai sun kai 362,565 daga cikin jimlar yawan 829,556 a cikin Gwamnatin Erivan, wanda kusan ya dace da tsakiyar Armenia na zamani, Lardin Iğdır na Turkiyya, da kuma yankin Nakhchivan na Azerbaijan. Tatar Turks 41,417 , Armeniyawa 27,075 da Kurdawa 19,099 sun zauna a Surmalu uezd, wani ɓangare na Turkiyya a yau. A cikin Sharur-Daralayaz uezd, a yau ya rabu a fadin Armenia da Azerbaijan, Armeniyawa 20,726 sun fi yawan Musulmai, wanda ya kunshi Kurdawa 3,761 da Tatars 51,560. Tare da kwararar 'yan gudun hijirar Armeniya bayan Kisan kare dangi na Armeniya, daidaitattun jama'a sun sauya zuwa ga jama'ar Armeniya.

Jamhuriyar Armenia ta farko

Gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Armenia ta farko ta bi manufofin kabilanci don goyon bayan Armeniyawa a yankunan da ke ƙarƙashin ikonta. A cikin 1917-1921, Musulmai a Armenia sun fuskanci kisan kiyashi da fitar da su da yawa da 'yan Armenia suka shirya, wanda ya haifar da lalata yawancin ƙauyuka na Musulmai, kashe dubban fararen hula Musulmai da kuma fitar da mutane 235,000.

Gwamnatin Armenia ta lalace ta hanyar manyan tashin hankali na Musulmi da jami'an Turkiyya da Azerbaijani suka karfafa, da farko a yankunan Ararat, Kars, da Nakhichevan, a cikin 1919-1920.

Lokacin Soviet

Tare da larduna na tarihi da aka haɗa a cikin iyakokin Jamhuriyar Turkiyya a 1923, sauran Armenia sun zama wani ɓangare na Jamhuriwar Socialist Soviet ta Armenia. Ƙananan Musulmai sun kasance mazauna Armenia yayin da yake wani ɓangare na Tarayyar Soviet, wanda ya ƙunshi galibi 'yan Azerbaijan da Kurdawa, mafi yawansu sun bar a cikin 1988 bayan Sumgait Pogroms da Yaƙin Nagorno-Karabakh na farko, wanda ya sa al'ummomin Armeniya da Azeri na kowace ƙasa su sami wani abu na musayar yawan jama'a, tare da Armenia 500,000 da ke zaune a baya a kusa da Jamhuriyar Nagorno Karabakh, kuma 'yan Azerbaijan suna samun kusan mutane 724,000 waɗanda aka tilasta musu daga Armenia da Nagorno Karapakh.

Armenia mai zaman kanta

Tun lokacin da Armenia ta sami 'yancin kanta a shekarar 1991, yawancin Musulmai da ke zaune a kasar mazauna wucin gadi ne daga Iran da sauran ƙasashe. A shekara ta 2009, Cibiyar Bincike ta Pew ta kiyasta cewa 0.03%, ko kimanin mutane 1,000, Musulmai ne - daga cikin yawan mazauna 2,975,000.

Ƙididdigar yawan jama'a da aka gudanar a shekara ta 2011 ta ƙidaya Musulmai 812 a Armenia, mafi yawansu sun fito ne daga Iran.

Al'adun gargajiya

Rarraba Musulmai a kan iyakokin Armenia na zamani, 1886-1890.

  Shi'a

  

A significant number of mosques were erected in historical Armenia between the Middle Ages and the Modern age, though it was not unusual for Armenian and other Christian churches to be converted into mosques, as was the case, for example, of the Cathedral of Kars, Cathedral of Ani, and Holy Mother of God Church in Gaziantep.

Masallacin Blue na Yerevan shine kawai masallaci mai aiki a Armenia a yau, bayan an mayar da shi kuma an buɗe shi don ayyukan addini tare da hadin gwiwar tsakanin hukumomin Armenia da Iran bayan rushewar Tarayyar Soviet. A cikin 2022, an sanar da shirye-shirye tare da hadin gwiwar tsakanin hukumomin Iran da karamar hukumar Yerevan don gyara Masallacin Abbasqoli Khan (wanda aka fi sani da Masallacin Thapha Bashi), tsohuwar masallaci da ta lalace, wanda ke cikin gundumar Kond ta Yerevan.

Alkur'ani

Rubutun farko da aka buga na Alkur'ani da aka fassara zuwa Harshen Armeniya daga Larabci ya bayyana a cikin 1910. A cikin 1912 an buga fassarar daga fassarar Faransanci. Dukansu biyu suna cikin yaren Armeniya na Yamma. An fara sabon fassarar Alkur'ani a cikin yaren Armeniya na Gabas tare da taimakon ofishin jakadancin Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran da ke Yerevan. Edward Hakhverdyan ne ya fassara daga Farisa cikin shekaru uku. Wani rukuni na masanan ilimin Larabci suna taimakawa tare da fassarar. Kowane bangare 30 na Alkur'ani an karanta su kuma Cibiyar Nazarin Alkur'an ta Tehran ta amince da su. An buga kwafin 1,000 na aikin da aka fassara a cikin 2007.

Shahararrun Musulmai na Armenia

• Farqad Sabakhi
• Mohammad Beg
• Qarachaqay Khan
• Ali ibn Yahya al-Armani
• Badr al-Jamali
• Al-Afdal Shahanshah

Dubi kuma

 

• Addini a Armenia
• Tarihin Armenia
• Hamshenis
• Masarautar Armenia
• Armeniyawa na Iran
• Tashin hankali na Armeniya (850-855)