Musuluncin Tripolitania da Cyrenaica

Mulkin Islama a Tripolitania da Cyrenaica ya fara ne tun farkon karni na 7. Tare da karamin iko na Byzantine a kan Libya da aka ƙuntata ga 'yan ginshiƙan bakin teku marasa kariya, masu mamaye Larabawa waɗanda suka fara ƙetare zuwa Pentapolis, Cyrenaica a watan Satumba na 642 sun gamu da ƙarancin juriya. A karkashin umurnin Amr ibn al-A'as, sojojin Islama sun ci Cyrenaica, sun sake sunan Pentapolis, Barqa .

Nasarar Musulunci

Ibn Abd al-Hakam ya rubuta cewa a lokacin da Amr ibn al-As ya kewaye Tripoli, sojoji bakwai daga dangin Madhlij, reshe na Kinana, ba da gangan ba sun sami wani sashi a gefen yammacin rairayin bakin teku na Tripoli waɗanda ba a ganuwa ba yayin aikin farautar su. waɗancan sojoji bakwai sun sami damar shiga ta wannan hanyar ba tare da masu tsaron birni sun gano su ba, sannan suka sami damar tayar da tarzoma a cikin birni yayin da suke ihu Takbir, wanda ya sa sojoji na Byzantine suka yi tunanin sojojin Musulmi sun riga sun kasance a cikin birnin kuma sun gudu zuwa ga jirgin su suna barin Tripoli, don haka, suna ba Amr damar mamaye birnin cikin sauƙi. Daga baya, sojojin musulmai sun kewaye Barqa (Cyrenaica) na kimanin shekaru uku ba tare da amfani ba. Sa'an nan Khalid ibn al-Walid, wanda a baya ya shiga cikin cin nasarar Oxyrhynchus, ya ba da wani shiri mai mahimmanci don gina catapult wanda ya cika da jakar auduga. Sa'an nan kuma yayin da dare ya zo kuma masu tsaron birni suka yi barci, Khalid ya umarci mayaƙansa mafi kyau kamar su Zubayr ibn al-Awwam, ɗansa Abdullah, Abdul-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr, Fadl ibn Abbas, Abu Mas'ud al-Badri, da Abd al-Razzaq su shiga cikin dandalin catapult wanda ya cika da jakar auduga. Catapult ya jefa su daya bayan daya zuwa saman bango kuma ya ba da damar waɗannan mayaƙan su shiga birnin, su buɗe ƙofofin kuma su kashe masu gadi, don haka su ba da damar sojojin musulmai su shiga kuma su kama birnin.

Daga Barqa, Uqba bin Nafi ya jagoranci yakin da aka yi wa Fezzan, yana tafiya zuwa Zaweela, babban birnin Fezzan. Ba a ba da juriya ba, kuma duk gundumar ta miƙa wuya ga Musulmai, ta amince da biyan Jizya (haraji ga wadanda ba Musulmai ba). An kara saka wani sashi a cikin Yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya cewa wani ɓangare na Jizya da ke fitowa daga gundumar za a kashe shi ga matalauta na yankin.  

A cikin 647 sojojin Larabawa 40,000, karkashin jagorancin 'Abdu'llah ibn Sa'ad, ɗan'uwan Khalifa Uthman ibn Affan, sun shiga cikin yammacin Libya. An kwace Tripoli daga Byzantines, sannan Sufetula, wani birni mai nisan kilomita 150 a kudancin Carthage, inda aka kashe Exarch Gregory. Yaƙin neman zaɓe ya ɗauki watanni goma sha biyar, bayan haka sojojin Abdallah sun koma Masar bayan magajin Gregory Gennadius ya yi musu alkawarin haraji na shekara-shekara na kimanin 330,000 nomismata. Gennadius ya kuma aika da yawan kudaden shiga na yau da kullun zuwa Constantinople, amma in ba haka ba ya gudanar da Afirka kamar yadda yake so. Sabuwar tushen ƙarfin Exarch ya fito ne daga kabilun Libya: Nasamones, Asbytae, Macae Garamantes da sauransu. Lokacin da Gennadius ya ki biyan ƙarin kuɗin da aka nema daga Constantinople, an fille masa kai.

Bayan tawaye Gennadius ya gudu zuwa Dimashƙu kuma ya nemi taimako daga Muawiyah, wanda ya biya haraji shekaru da yawa. Khalifa ya aika da dakarun da suka fi yawa tare da Gennadius don mamaye Afirka a cikin shekara ta 665. Ko da yake exarch da aka tsige ya mutu bayan ya isa Iskandariya, Larabawa sun ci gaba da tafiya. Daga Sicily Byzantines sun aika da sojoji don karfafa Afirka, amma kwamandanta, Nicephorus the Patrician ya rasa yaƙi da Larabawa kuma ya sake shiga. Uqba ibn Nafi da Abu Muhajir al Dinar sun yi abubuwa da yawa don karfafa mulkin mallaka na Umayyad. Yawancin Berbers na cikin gida sun tuba sannu a hankali zuwa Islama a cikin ƙarni masu zuwa a ƙarƙashin mulkin Berber Almohad, dogon lokaci bayan faduwar Daular Larabawa ta Umayyad. Halin zamantakewa da harshe na Libya ya kasance mafi yawan Berber na ƙarni da yawa.

Gwagwarmaya ta ciki

Daular Aghlabids a farkon karni na 9.

A cikin 750 Daular Abbasid ta hambarar da Khalifa Umayyad kuma ta sauya babban birnin zuwa Bagadaza, tare da sarakuna da ke riƙe da iko a kan tekun Libya a madadin Khalifa mai nisa. A cikin 800 Khalifa Harun ar-Rashid ya nada Ibrahim ibn al-Aghlab a matsayin gwamnansa. Daular Aghlabids ta zama mai zaman kanta daga Khalifancin Baghdad, waɗanda suka ci gaba da riƙe ikon ruhaniya. Sarakunan Aghlabid sun dauki kulawarsu ta Libya da gaske, suna gyara tsarin ban ruwa na Roman, suna maido da tsari da kawo ma'auni na wadata ga yankin.

A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata na karni na 9, Isma'ili sun kaddamar da hari kan Sunni Aghlabids. Shugaban ruhaniya na Ismaili ko imam, Abdallah al Mahdibillah na Siriya, an sanya shi a matsayin imam na yawancin Maghreb, gami da Tripolitania. Amazigh na Libya daga ƙarshe ya yarda da imam a matsayin Mahdi (Mai Alkawari).

Daular Fatimid

Isma'ili Muslim Fatimid Caliphate ya ci Ikhshidid Masar a cikin 972 kuma ya kafa haliphate a cikin sabon birni, Alkahira. Matsalar ci gaba da kula da Libya ta addabi Fatimids, saboda tana da kusan dukkanin iko da ke gaban su. A farkon karni na 11, an sanya Buluggin ibn Ziri a matsayin gwamnan Fatimid. Har ila yau, a wannan lokacin ne Cyrenaica ya zama tushen masu satar teku waɗanda galibi ke aiki a matsayin masu zaman kansu ga Fatimids. A ƙarshe, a ƙarƙashin Al-Mu'izz ibn Badis, Zirids sun rabu da Khalifancin Fatimid a cikin 1045 kuma a cikin 1051/52, sarkin Barca, Jabbara ibn Mukhtar, ya amince da mulkin Al-Mu 'izz.

Tripoli ta yi fashi a cikin 1146 da Italo-Normans. A cikin 1158, magoya bayan Almohad Caliphate sun isa Tripoli daga Maroko kuma sun kafa ikonsu. Wani sarkin Almohad, Muhammad bin Abu Hafs, ya mallaki Libya daga 1207 zuwa 1221 kuma ya kafa Daular Hafsid.