Mutanen Accomac
Mutanen Accomac [2] ƙabilar ce a kasar Amirka ta tarihi a cikin yankunan Accomack da Northampton a Virginia . Suna da alaƙa da Powhatan Confederacy . [3] Rikodin kayan tarihi da tarihi sun ba da shawarar dangantakar kasuwanci tsakanin Acomacs da Powhatans da sauran ƙungiyoyi masu alaƙa irin su Occohannocks .
A ƙarshe an yi amfani da kalmar Accomac ga ɗimbin gungun ƴan asalin ƙasar da ke zaune a Gabashin Tekun Virginia . A arewa, Gabashin Shore na Maryland gida ne ga Pocomoke da kabilu masu alaƙa, irin su Annamessex . Ƙarin arewa, mutanen Assateague sun zauna a Tekun Atlantika na Maryland da Delaware .
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Matsugunin su na farko, wanda kuma ake kira Acomac, yana kusa da Cheriton, Virginia, a kan mashigar Cherrystone a gundumar Northampton. Wannan mazaunin yana kusa da Tsenacomoco, babban masarauta na Powhatans . [4]
Debedeavon (Accomac, ya mutu a shekara ta 1657) shine babban shugaban Acomac lokacin da turawan mulkin mallaka suka fara isowa a 1608. Suna kiransa da "Sarkin dariya" suka yi tarayya da shi. A cikin 1608, an rubuta Acomac a matsayin yana da mayaka 80. Wannan ƙididdigar yawan jama'a na farko ya riga ya ragu saboda yaduwar cutar ta hanyar tuntuɓar Roanoke Colony a 1585. [5] Dangane da bayanin bayanan cututtukan da suka shafi yawan mace-mace, gajeriyar yanayin rashin lafiya, da kuma barkewar annoba a lokutan sanyi, ana tunanin cewa cutar ta mura ce ta haifar da ita daga Turai wacce mutanen Acomac ba su gina kariya ba. [6]
Bayanai sun nuna cewa a tsakiyar karni na 17, Turawan mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya sun kebe mafi yawan kasar Acomac. A shekara ta 1700, yawan jama'ar Acomac ya ragu da kusan kashi 90 cikin ɗari saboda kamuwa da cututtuka irin su ƙanƙara da tashin hankali daga 'yan mulkin mallaka. Masu mulkin mallaka sun fara kiran dukan Indiyawan Amurka zuwa gabas da Chesapeake Bay "Accomac." Sun kiyaye filaye ta hanyar 1812, galibi a ciki da kusa da gundumar Accomack. [3]
Ƙungiya ta Gingaskins, ta zauna kusa da Eastville, Virginia na yau. Sun yi aure da ’yan Afirka mazauna kusa. Bayan Tawayen Nat Turner a 1831, Amurkawa farar fata na gida sun kore su daga ƙasashensu na asali.
Sarakunan da aka sani
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Daga tsakiyar karni na 17 zuwa gaba, mutanen Ingila suna kiran babban sarki Acomac "sarki" ko "empress."
- Debedeavon : Zai iya zama har zuwa mutane 4 daban-daban. Wasu nassoshi suna ɗaukar su a matsayin mutum ɗaya, wasu suna ɗaukar su a matsayin mutane daban-daban. [7]
- Esmy Shichans, wanda kuma aka sani da Sarkin dariya
- Okiawampe, kuma ya rubuta Wackawamp
- Tapatiapon
- Johnson
- Sarauniya Maryamu [8]
Al'adu da al'ada
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ba a san komai ba game da rayuwar yau da kullun na Acomac saboda ƙarancin bayanan adana kayan tarihi da tono kayan tarihi a yankin. Duk da haka, akwai wasu shaidun da ke nuna cewa ƙasar ba ta da yawa. Don haka, da alama Acomac sun dogara da kamun kifi da noman noma akan farauta don biyan bukatunsu na abinci. [9] [10] Ana kyautata zaton masara da wake ne farkon nomansu yayin da ake farautar barewa don yin sutura da kayan aiki. [9]
Kabilanci
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ƙungiyoyin yanki na Acomac sun haɗa da ƙungiyoyi masu zuwa:
- Acohanock [11]
- Chiconessex, Chicconessick
- Combec
- Gingaskin, Gangascoe, Gingaskoyne,
- Kiquotank, Kikotanke
- Matchapungo, Machepungo, Mastiapungo, Matchopungo,
- Macheteege
- Mashawatac
- Matomkin, Matompkin, Matomkin
- Nadue, Nandewy, Nanduye
- Pungotege, Pungoteque.
Suna
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Masanin ilimin kimiyya James Hammond Trumbull ya rubuta cewa Acomac yana nufin "wani wuri" ko "a kan-da-gefen-ruwa." Madadin rubutun sun haɗa da Accawmacke, Accomack, Achowmack, Acomack, da Acomak.
Kungiyoyin al'adun gargajiya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Maryland ta sanya ƙabilar Indiyawan Accohannock a matsayin ƙabilar da jihar ta amince da ita a cikin 2017. Suna da'awar cewa su zuriyar Acomac ne; duk da haka, masana tarihi da sauran kabilun Amurkawa sun musanta waɗannan ikirari. [12] Ƙungiyar da ke Maryland bai kamata ta ruɗe da Indiyawan Indiyawan Accawmacke ba, wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta da ba a san ta ba a Cape Charles, Virginia. [13]
Duba kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Kabilar Amurkawa a Virginia
Kara karantawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Helen C. Rountree. Mutanen Pocahontas: Indiyawan Powhatan na Virginia Ta hanyar Karni Hudu. Norman: Jami'ar Oklahoma Press, 1990. .
- Weslager, Clinton Alfred. Indiyawan Accomac da Accohannock daga Abokan Farko . Cape Charles: Gidan Hickory, 2001. ISBN 1886706522 .
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Clark, Patricia Roberts (2009). Tribal Names of the Americas: Spelling Variants and Alternative Forms, Cross-Referenced (in Turanci). McFarland. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-7864-5169-2.
- ↑ Or Accawmack, Accawmacke, Accowmack, Accohanoc.[1]
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedhodge8 - ↑ Wolfe, Brendan. "Indigenous Peoples in Virginia". Encyclopedia Virginia (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-04-29.
- ↑ Mires, Peter B. (1994). "Contact and Contagion: The Roanoke Colony and Influenza". Historical Archaeology. 28 (3): 30–38. doi:10.1007/BF03374188. ISSN 0440-9213. JSTOR 25616316.
- ↑ Mires, Peter B. (1994). "Contact and Contagion: The Roanoke Colony and Influenza". Historical Archaeology. 28 (3): 30–38. doi:10.1007/BF03374188. ISSN 0440-9213. JSTOR 25616316.
- ↑ "Debedeavon (fl. 1648–1664)". Dictionary of Virginia Biography. Retrieved 2025-01-10.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedrountree - ↑ 9.0 9.1 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named:0 - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named:1 - ↑ Or Accahanock, Accohanoc, Anancock, Accohannock, Accohanock, Oanancocke, Occoahannock, Onancock, Accotronack.[1]
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedsun - ↑ "American Indigenous Accawmacke Indians". GuideStar. Retrieved 16 March 2024.