Mutanen Hamar

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Mutanen Hamar

Yankuna masu yawan jama'a
Habasha

Al'ummar Hamar (wanda kuma ake yiwa laƙabi da Hamer ) al'umma ce dake zaune a kudu maso yammacin ƙasar Habasha . Suna zaune ne a gundumar Hamer, wani yanki mai albarka na kwarin kogin Omo, a cikin shiyyar Debub Omo na yankin Kudancin Ƙasa, Ƙasa, da Jama'a (SNNPR). Galibinsu makiyaya ne, don haka al’adunsu na ba shanu daraja sosai.

Alkaluma[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ƙididdigar ƙasa ta 2003 ta ba da rahoton mutane 46,532 a cikin wannan ƙabila, waɗanda 10,000 daga cikinsu mazauna birane ne. Mafi rinjaye (99.13%) na zaune ne a yankin SNNPR.[1]

Bisa ga ƙidayar jama'a ta ƙasar Habasha na 1994, akwai masu magana da yaren Hamer 42,838, da kuma 42,448 mutanen Hamer da suka gane kansu, wanda ke wakiltar kusan 0.1% na yawan al'ummar Habasha. [2]

Al'adu[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Bikin tsallake bijimi

An san Hamar da al’adar su ta musamman ta “tsallake bijimi,” wadda ke sa yaro ya zama babba. Na farko, ƴan'uwa mata suna rawa da gayyatar bulala daga mazan da suka zama manya; wannan yana nuna goyon bayansu ga masu farawa, kuma tabonsu ya ba su damar cewa wanda za su aura.

Dole ne yaro ya yi ta gudu ta taɓa da baya sau biyu a saman bijimai kuma ana yi masa ba'a idan ya kasa.[3]

Mutanen ƙabilar sau da yawa za su yi gyaran gashin kansu da yumɓu, suna ƙirƙirar wani nau'i-nau'i wanda aka yi amfani da nau'ikan launi daban-daban, galibi ja da fari, kuma a cikin sassauci yumɓu suna ƙirƙirar ƙaramin bututun da ke fitowa inda suke da gashin tsuntsaye daga farautarsu.

Mataimakin shugaban hukumar Hamer Bena, Ato Imnet Gashab, ya bayyana cewa ƴan ƙabilar bakwai ne kawai suka taɓa kammala karatun sakandare.

Hamer ado
Collar ga matan aure na Hamer

Mingi, a cikin addinin Hamar da ƙabilun da ke da alaƙa, shine yanayin ƙazanta ko "ƙazanta ta al'ada".[4] An kashe mutum, sau da yawa yaro, wanda ake ɗaukan mingi ta hanyar tilastawa ta dindindin daga ƙabila ta hanyar barin shi shi kaɗai a cikin daji ko kuma ta nutse a cikin kogi.[5]

Duba kuma[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Nassoshi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  1. ↑ 2007 Ethiopian census, first draft Archived 4 ga Yuni, 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Ethiopian Central Statistical Agency (accessed 6 May 2009)
  2. ↑ Hudson, Grover. 75 Ethiopian Languages: 19 Cushitic, 20 Nilosaharan, 23 Omotic, 12 Semitic, and 1 Unclassified, 2005.
  3. ↑ Wharton, Jane (22 February 2015). "The making of a man: Inside a bull jumping ceremony with Ethiopia's Hamer tribe". Express (London). Retrieved 8 March 2016.
  4. ↑ Do the Hamar have a Concept of Honor?, Ivo Strecker, University of Mainz, "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 July 2011. Retrieved 19 February 2010.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  5. ↑ "The Hamar and Karo Tribes: The Search for Mingi". Films Media Group. Retrieved 20 November 2019.

Kara karantawa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  • Lydall, Jean, da Ivo Strecker (1979). Hamar Kudancin Habasha . A cikin juzu'i uku: v. 1.: Jaridar Aiki; v. 2: Baldambe yayi bayani; v. 3: Tattaunawa a Dambaiti. Arbeiten aus dem Institut fur Volkerkunde der Universitat zu Göttingen, Bd. 12-14. Hohenschaftlarn: Klaus Renner Verlag. ISBN 3-87673-063-5 (aya 1);  (aya 2);  (aya 3).
  • Giansanti, Gianni (2004). Bata Afrika . Rubutu da hotuna daga Gianni Giansanti; Gabatarwar ethnographic na Paolo Novaresio. Fassara daga Italiyanci. Da audio CD. Vercelli, Italiya: White Star. ISBN 88-544-0006-8 .
  • Strecker, Ivo A. (1988). Ayyukan Zamantakewa na Alama: Nazarin Anthropological . Monographs on Social Anthropology, no. 60. London; Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey: Athlone Press. ISBN 0-485-19557-7 .

Fina-finai[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  • 1973 - River of Sand na Robert Gardner launi, 83 min
  • 1994 - Sweet Sorghum: 'Yar mai zane-zane ta tuna da rayuwa a Hamar, Kudancin Habasha : wani fim na Ivo Strecker da Jean Lydall da 'yar su Kaira Strecker. Farashin IWF. Watertown, Massachusetts: Bayanan Ilimi albarkatun, [an saki c. 1997]. VHS. Mai gabatarwa/mai ba da labari, Kaira Strecker; furodusa, Rolf Husmann.
  • 1996 saki - "The Hamar Trilogy." Jerin fina-finai uku na Joanna Head da Jean Lydell; Filmakers Library, NYC ya rarraba. Taken da ke cikin jerin sune: Matan Masu Murmushi, Yan Mata Biyu Suna Farauta da Hanyar Soyayya .
  • 2001 - Duka's ilemma: Ziyarar Hamar, Kudancin Habasha . Fim ɗin Jean Lydall da Kaira Strecker. Watertown, Massachusetts: Ɗaliban Ilimi na Documentary, wanda aka saki a cikin 2004. DVD. Kamara, sauti, da gyarawa, Kaira Strecker; Anthropology da samarwa, Jean Lydall.
  • 2001 – The Last Warrior aruman: Kabilar Hamar da Karo: Neman Mingi . Ƙaddamarwar Trans Media; Tauraron Kudu. Princeton, New Jersey: Fina-finai don 'Yan Adam & Kimiyya. VHS. Daga Jarumai Na Karshe: Ƙabilu Bakwai Akan Ƙarshen Ƙarshe. Jerin mai gabatarwa / mai gudanarwa, Michael Willesee Jr.; marubuci / darekta, Ben Ulm. ISBN 0-7365-3606-X .

Hotuna[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  • 2003 - Nyabole: Hamar – Kudancin Habasha . CD. Gidan kayan tarihi na Berlin jerin. An yi rikodin tsakanin 1770 da 1776 kuma an buga shi a asali akan LP 1768. Mainz, Jamus: Wergo.

Hanyoyin haɗi na waje[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Media related to Hamar people at Wikimedia Commons

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