Mutuwar Mahsa Amini
 Mutuwar Mahsa Amini | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
suspicious death (en)  , killing (en) , Gallazawa, Rikicin 'yan sanda da death in police custody (en) | ||||
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| Bayanai | ||||
| Fuskar | Mahsa Amini da Satumba shekara ta 2022 'Yan ƙasar Iran sukayi zanga- zanga | |||
| Ƙasa | Iran | |||
| Kwanan wata | 16 Satumba 2022 | |||
| Yana haddasa | Satumba shekara ta 2022 'Yan ƙasar Iran sukayi zanga- zanga | |||
| Wanda ya rutsa da su | Mahsa Amini | |||
| Wuri | ||||
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A ranar 16 ga Satumba 2022, mace mai shekaru 22 mai suna Mahsa Amini, wanda aka fi sani da Jina Amini, [1] [2] ta mutu a asibiti a Tehran, Iran, a karkashin yanayi mai ban tsoro. Jagoranci, 'yan sanda na halin addini na Gwamnatin Iran, sun kama Amini saboda zargin da ba sa hijabi daidai da ka'idodin gwamnati. Kwamandan Shari'a na Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran ya bayyana cewa tana da ciwon zuciya a ofishin 'yan sanda, ta fadi, kuma ta fada cikin coma kafin a tura ta asibiti. [3][4] Koyaya, shaidu na ido, gami da matan da aka tsare tare da Amini, sun ba da rahoton cewa an yi mata duka sosai kuma ta mutu sakamakon zalunci na 'yan sanda, wanda hukumomin Iran suka musanta.[5][6] Magana game da zalunci na 'yan sanda, ban da binciken likita da aka ɓoye, ya sa wasu masu kallo su yi imani da cewa Amini tana da zubar da jini ko bugun jini saboda raunin da aka samu bayan an kama ta. [7]
Mutuwar Amini ta haifar da jerin zanga-zangar da CNN ta bayyana kamar yadda ya fi yaduwa fiye da zanga-zambe a cikin 2009, 2017, da 2019, kuma ta The New York Times a matsayin mafi girman zanga-zaye na Iran tun aƙalla 2009. Iran Human Rights ta ruwaito cewa a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2022 akalla mutane 476 ne jami'an tsaro suka kashe wadanda ke kai hari kan zanga-zangar a duk fadin kasar.[8] Amnesty International ta ruwaito cewa jami'an tsaro na Iran sun harbe kungiyoyi tare da harsashi masu rai kuma sun kashe masu zanga-zangar ta hanyar doke su da sanduna. Mutuwar Amini ta haifar da yunkurin duniya na Woman, Life, Freedom, wanda ya samo asali ne daga asalin Kurdawa, wanda ke buƙatar kawo ƙarshen dokokin hijabi da sauran nau'ikan nuna bambanci da zalunci ga mata a Iran.[9] A lokacin abubuwan da suka biyo baya wasu mata masu zanga-zangar sun cire hijabi ko kuma sun yanke gashin su a fili a matsayin zanga-zambe.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin].jpg)
Gwamnatin Iran ta gabatar da ka'idar tufafi ga mata bayan Juyin Juya Halin Iran na 1979. A ranar 7 ga watan Maris, kasa da wata daya bayan juyin juya halin, sannan kwanan nan mai suna Babban Jagora Ruhollah Khomeini ya ba da umarnin hijab (Slama headcarf) ya zama tilas ga dukkan mata a wuraren aiki. Ya ci gaba da ba da umarnin cewa ba za a ba mata damar shiga kowane ofishin gwamnati ba tare da hijabi ba, saboda za su kasance "tsirara" ba tare da shi ba.[10]
Tun daga wannan lokacin, an bayar da rahoton tashin hankali da cin zarafin mata da ba sa hijabi daidai da ka'idodin gwamnatin Iran, ko ta hanyar ma'aikatan tilasta bin doka ko masu fafutukar gwamnati. Daga 1980, mata ba za su iya shiga gwamnati ko gine-ginen jama'a ba ko halartar wuraren aikinsu ba tare da hijab ba. A shekara ta 1983, an gabatar da hijabi na tilas a cikin jama'a a cikin dokar azabtarwa, inda ta bayyana cewa "mata da suka bayyana a cikin jamaʼa ba tare da hijabi ta addini ba za a yanke musu hukuncin bulala har zuwa bulala 74". A aikace, duk da haka, an yanke mata da yawa, kamar Saba Kord Afshari da Yasaman Aryani, hukuncin ɗaurin kurkuku ne kawai.
A cikin shekarun 2010 da 2020, tufafi a cikin al'ummar Iran sun sami canje-canje masu mahimmanci, kuma mata matasa musamman sun zama masu sassaucin ra'ayi game da dokokin hijab. Wannan ya sa Guidance Patrol, 'yan sanda na halin kirki na Iran, su kaddamar da kamfen na lokaci-lokaci don gargadi ko tashin hankali[11][12] kamawa da kuma "sake ilmantarwa" mata da suka ɗauka suna sanye da hijabi ba daidai ba.[13] A karkashin yanayi na yau da kullun, ana kawo wadanda aka tsare zuwa cibiyar inda aka sake ba su umarni a cikin ka'idojin tufafi, kafin a sanya su sanya hannu kan alkawarin tabbatar da ka'idoji da aka ambata, sannan a ba su damar barin su tafi tare da iyalansu.[14]
Wanda aka azabtar
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Mahsa Amini a ranar 21 ga Satumba 1999 [15] ga dangin Kurdawa a Saqqez, lardin Kurdistan, a arewa maso yammacin Iran. Yayin da Mahsa ta kasance sunanta na Farisa, sunan Kurdawa Jina (wanda kuma aka rubuta Zhina). ), kuma wannan shine sunan da danginta suka yi amfani da shi. A cikin harshen Farisa Mahsa yana nufin "kama da wata" kuma a Kurdawa, Jina yana nufin "rayuwa" ko "mai ba da rai".
Amini ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta Hijab kuma a shekarar 2015, makarantar sakandare ce ta Taleghani, don samun difloma. Ta yi burin zama likita. A lokacin mutuwarta, kwanan nan an shigar da Amini a jami'a a Urmia, inda za ta yi karatun ilmin halitta. Kafin fara jami'a, ta yi tafiya zuwa Tehran tare da iyayenta da ɗan'uwanta mai shekaru 17, Ashkan, don ziyartar dangi.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ Moshtaghian, Artemis; Karadsheh, Jomana; Hu, Caitlin; Magramo, Kathleen; Akbarzai, Sahar; Roth, Richard (2022-09-24). "Young Iranians are rising up against decades of repression -- arguably bolder than ever". CNN (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 27 December 2022. Retrieved 2022-12-11.
- ↑ "Mahsa Amini's brutal death may be moment of reckoning for Iran". the Guardian (in Turanci). 2022-09-20. Archived from the original on 21 September 2022. Retrieved 2022-12-11.
- ↑ "Three killed in protests over Iranian woman Mahsa Amini's death in custody". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 20 September 2022. Archived from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 22 September 2022.
- ↑ "Arrest by hijab police leaves woman comatose". Al-Monitor. 15 September 2022. Archived from the original on 18 September 2022. Retrieved 22 September 2022.
- ↑ Fazeli, Yaghoub (16 September 2022). "Iranian woman 'beaten' by police for 'improper hijab' dies after coma: State media". Al Arabiya. Archived from the original on 16 September 2022. Retrieved 16 September 2022.
- ↑ "Iranian coroner denies Mahsa Amini died from blows to body". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 8 October 2022. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
- ↑ "Mahsa Amini's medical scans show skull fractures caused by 'severe trauma': Report". Al Arabiya. 19 September 2022. Archived from the original on 24 September 2022. Retrieved 22 September 2022.
- ↑ "At Least 100 Protesters Facing Execution, Death Penalty Charges or Sentences; At Least 476 Protesters Killed". iranhr.net (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 27 December 2022. Retrieved 2022-12-28.
- ↑ "Woman, Life, Freedom | Iran, Movement, History, & Jina Mahsa Amini". Encyclopedia Britannica (in Turanci). 2023-10-20. Archived from the original on 17 October 2023. Retrieved 2023-11-22.
- ↑ "The Stolen Revolution: Iranian Women of 1979". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 8 March 2019. Archived from the original on 16 March 2022. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
- ↑ "خشونت گشت ارشاد به زنان ایران؛ موضوعی ادامهدار". radiozamaneh.com (in Farisanci). 25 November 2015. Archived from the original on 28 November 2022. Retrieved 27 September 2022.
- ↑ "گشت ارشاد و تجاوز به زنان ابزارهایی برای کنترل". تریبون زمانه (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 27 September 2022.
- ↑ "حقوق شهروندی". صدای آمریکا (in Farisanci). 20 August 2022. Archived from the original on 5 October 2022. Retrieved 27 September 2022.
- ↑ "Mahsa Amini's death sparks anger towards Iran's morality police". Al Jazeera. 23 September 2022. Archived from the original on 24 September 2022. Retrieved 23 September 2022.
- ↑ "Exclusive: Family Confirm the Regime's Claims About Mahsa Amini are Lies". Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2022.