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Myalgic encephalomyelitis / ciwon gajiya mai tsanani

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Myalgic encephalomyelitis / ciwon gajiya mai tsanani
Description (en) Fassara
Iri syndrome (en) Fassara
primary immunodeficiency disease (en) Fassara
Field of study (en) Fassara neurology (en) Fassara, rheumatology (en) Fassara, immunology (en) Fassara, epidemiology (en) Fassara, pediatrics (en) Fassara, Cututtukan cututtuka (ƙwarewar kiwon lafiya), endocrinology (en) Fassara
physical medicine and rehabilitation (en) Fassara
Sanadi NN (en) Fassara
Symptoms and signs (en) Fassara post-exertional malaise (en) Fassara, Rashin karfi, Rashin bacci
wasu abun
Physical examination (en) Fassara physical examination (en) Fassara
Identifier (en) Fassara
ICD-10-CM G93.3 da R53.82
ICD-9-CM 780.71 da 780.79
DiseasesDB 1645
MedlinePlus 001244
eMedicine 001244
MeSH D015673
Disease Ontology ID DOID:8544

Ba a san musabbabin cutar ba. [1] ME/CFS sau da yawa yana farawa bayan kamuwa da cuta, kamar mononucleosis mai yaduwa, [2] kuma yana iya faruwa a cikin iyalai. [3] ME/CFS yana da alaƙa da canje-canje a cikin tsarin jijiyoyi da garkuwar jiki, da kuma samar da makamashi . [4] An tabbatar da ganewar cutar ME/CFS bisa ga kasancewar alamun asibiti da kuma ganewar asali daban-daban, saboda babu gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje ko hanyar daukar hoto da ake da ita. [5] [6]

A wasu lokutan ana iya magance alamun ME/CFS kuma rashin lafiyar na iya inganta ko ta tabarbare akan lokaci, amma cikakken murmurewa abu ne da ba kasafai ake samu ba. [2] [7] Ba a amince da magani ko magunguna don magance matsalar ba, kuma gudanarwa tana da nufin rage alamun cutar.  : 29 Tsarin ayyuka na iya taimakawa wajen guje wa PEM wanda zai iya ƙara ta'azzara alamun na tsawon lokaci, kuma shawarwari na iya taimakawa wajen magance rashin lafiyar. Kafin annobar COVID-19, ME/CFS ta shafi mutane biyu zuwa tara cikin kowane mutum 1,000, ya danganta da ma'anar. [8] Bayan kamuwa da cutar COVID mai tsawo, duk da haka, mutane da yawa sun cika ka'idojin ganewar cutar ME/CFS. [9] ME/CFS yana faruwa sau da yawa a cikin mata fiye da maza. Ya fi yawa a tsakiyar shekaru, amma yana iya faruwa a kowane zamani, har da yara. [10]

ME/CFS tana da babban tasiri a zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, kuma cutar na iya zama mai raba mutane da juna. [11] Kimanin kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na waɗanda abin ya shafa ba sa iya barin gadonsu ko gidajensu. :3Mutane masu fama da ME/CFS sau da yawa suna fuskantar wariya a wuraren kiwon lafiya, kuma kulawa tana da rikitarwa ta hanyar jayayya game da sanadin da kuma maganin cutar. [12] Likitoci na iya zama ba su saba da ME/CFS ba, domin galibi ba a cika rufe ta a makarantun likitanci ba. [9] A tarihi, kuɗaɗen bincike don ME/CFS sun yi ƙasa da na cututtukan da ke da irin wannan tasiri. [13]

Rarrabawa da kalmomi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta sanya ME/CFS a matsayin cutar jijiyoyi tun daga shekarar 1969, da farko ana kiranta da <i id="mwrg">benign myalgic encephalomyelitis</i> . :564Rarraba ME/CFS a matsayin cutar jijiyoyi ya dogara ne akan alamun da ke nuna babban rawar da tsarin jijiyoyi ke takawa. [14] A madadin haka, bisa ga rashin daidaituwa a cikin ƙwayoyin rigakafi, ana yiwa ME/CFS lakabi da yanayin jijiyoyi . [15] Ana iya ɗaukar cutar a matsayin ciwon kamuwa da cuta bayan kamuwa da cuta (PAIS) ko kuma yanayin da ke da alaƙa da kamuwa da cuta. [1] [16] PAIS kamar dogon COVID da cutar Lyme bayan magani suna da alamu da yawa tare da ME/CFS kuma ana zargin suna da irin wannan dalili. [16]

An gabatar da sunaye da yawa game da cutar. Wadanda aka fi amfani da su sune myalgic encephalomyelitis, chronic fatigue syndrome, da kuma hadewar kalmar myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome ( ME/CFS ). Yarjejeniyar suna ya kasance da wahala saboda har yanzu ba a san musabbabin da kuma yanayin cutar ba. :29–30A cikin rarrabuwar da WHO ta yi kwanan nan, an sanya wa ICD-11, chronic fatigue syndrome da myalgic encephalomyelitis suna a ƙarƙashin cutar bayan kamuwa da cuta . [17] Da farko an gabatar da kalmar bayan kamuwa da cuta a matsayin wani ɓangare na "chronic fatigue syndrome" tare da kamuwa da cuta da aka rubuta, amma kuma ana amfani da ita azaman ma'anar ME/CFS, ko kuma don faɗaɗɗen yanayin gajiya bayan kamuwa da cuta. [16]

Yawancin mutanen da ke fama da ME/CFS suna ƙin amincewa da sunan " chronic fatigue syndrome ", wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1988. Suna ɗaukar kalmar a matsayin mai sauƙi, kuma suna rage alamun da ke raunana jiki, suna hana a ɗauki cutar da muhimmanci. :234[18] Akwai kuma matsaloli game da kalmar da aka yi amfani da ita a baya tun 1956, " myalgic encephalomyelitis ", domin akwai ƙarancin shaidar kumburin kwakwalwa ( myalgia yana nufin 'ciwon tsoka' kuma encephalomyelitis yana nufin 'kumburin kwakwalwa da kashin baya'). :3Kalmar laima ME/CFS ta riƙe kalmar CFS da ake yawan amfani da ita ba tare da rage girman cutar ba, amma wasu ma suna sukar wannan sunan, saboda sun yi imanin cewa ka'idojin ganewar asali daban-daban na ME da CFS suna gano cututtuka daban-daban. [18]

Wani rahoto na 2015 daga Cibiyar Magunguna ta Amurka ya ba da shawarar a sake wa cutar suna zuwa "systemic exert tolerance disease" ( SEID ) kuma ya ba da shawarar sabbin sharuɗɗan ganewar asali. Duk da cewa ba a yi amfani da sabon sunan sosai ba, Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafinsu (CDC) sun amince da ƙa'idodin ganewar asali. Kamar CFS, sunan SEID yana mai da hankali ne kawai kan wata alama guda ɗaya, kuma ra'ayoyin waɗanda abin ya shafa gabaɗaya ba su da kyau. [19]

Alamomi da Alamomi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

ME/CFS yana haifar da gajiya mai rauni, matsalolin barci, da kuma rashin lafiya bayan motsa jiki (PEM, alamun gaba ɗaya suna ƙara muni bayan aiki mai sauƙi). Bugu da ƙari, matsalolin fahimta, rashin haƙuri na orthostatic (jinkiri ko tashin zuciya lokacin da aka miƙe) ko wasu alamun jiki na iya kasancewa (duba kuma § Sharuɗɗan ganewar asali ). Alamomin cutar suna rage ƙarfin aiki sosai kuma yawanci suna ɗaukar watanni uku zuwa shida kafin a tabbatar da ganewar cutar.  : 13  : 11 ME/CFS yawanci yana farawa bayan kamuwa da cuta. Farawa na iya zama ba zato ba tsammani ko kuma a hankali a cikin makonni zuwa watanni. [2]

Alamomin asali

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Mutane masu fama da ME/CFS suna fuskantar gajiya mai rauni akai-akai. Yana ƙara ta'azzara ta hanyar ayyukan jiki, hankali, motsin rai, da zamantakewa na yau da kullun, kuma ba sakamakon yawan aiki ba ne. [20]  : 12 Hutu yana ba da ɗan sauƙi daga gajiya. Musamman a farkon lokacin rashin lafiya, ana kwatanta wannan gajiya da "kamar mura". Mutane na iya jin "jiki ya yi sanyi" kuma ba za su iya fara ko kammala ayyukan ba. Hakanan suna iya jin rashin natsuwa yayin da suke gajiya, suna kwatanta ƙwarewarsu da "wayoyi amma sun gaji". Lokacin fara aiki, ƙarfin tsoka na iya raguwa da sauri, wanda zai iya haifar da wahala wajen daidaitawa, rashin ƙarfi ko rauni kwatsam. Gajiyawar hankali kuma na iya sa ƙoƙarin fahimta ya yi wahala. [21] : 12, 57, 95 [22] [23] Gajiyawar da ake samu a cikin ME/CFS tana da tsayi kuma tana da tsanani fiye da sauran yanayi da gajiya ke bayyana.  : 5–6 

Alamar da ke nuna ME/CFS ita ce ƙara tsanantar alamun bayan motsa jiki, wanda aka sani da rashin lafiya bayan motsa jiki ko kuma ƙaruwar alamun bayan motsa jiki . [24] PEM ya ƙunshi ƙaruwar gajiya kuma yana rage ƙarfin jiki. Hakanan yana iya haɗawa da alamun mura, ciwo, matsalolin fahimta, matsalolin ciki, tashin zuciya, da matsalolin barci.  : 6 

The onset of PEM is usually within two days. Peak PEM occurs within seven, while recovery can take months.
Lokutan da suka dace na rashin lafiya bayan motsa jiki bayan ayyukan yau da kullun

Duk nau'ikan ayyuka da ke buƙatar kuzari, ko na jiki, na fahimta, na zamantakewa, ko na motsin rai, na iya haifar da PEM.  : 49 Misalai sun haɗa da halartar taron makaranta, siyayyar abinci, ko ma yin wanka. [20] Ga wasu, kasancewa cikin yanayi mai ban sha'awa na iya isa ya haifar da PEM. [25] : 49 PEM yawanci yana farawa awanni 12 zuwa 48 bayan aikin, [26] amma kuma yana iya biyo baya nan da nan bayan haka. PEM na iya ɗaukar awanni, kwanaki, makonni, ko watanni.  : 6 Tsawon lokaci na PEM, wanda aka fi sani da "fashewa" ko "fashewar iska" daga mutanen da ke fama da cutar, na iya haifar da sake dawowa na dogon lokaci. [25] : 50 

Rashin samun isasshen barci wani muhimmin alama ne. Mutane suna farkawa a gajiye da tauri maimakon su dawo bayan barcin dare. Wannan na iya faruwa ne sakamakon yanayin barci da rana da kuma rashin barci da daddare, rashin isasshen barci, ko rashin barci. Duk da haka, ko da cikakken barcin dare yawanci ba ya warkar da su. Wasu mutane suna fuskantar rashin barci, yawan damuwa (bacci mai yawa), ko kuma mafarkai masu ban tsoro.  : 50 

Cognitive dysfunction in ME/CFS can be as disabling as physical symptoms, leading to difficulties at work or school, as well as in social interactions.: 7  People with ME/CFS sometimes describe it as "brain fog",[20] and report a slowdown in information processing.[27]: 7  Individuals may have difficulty speaking, struggling to find words and names. They may have trouble concentrating or multitasking, or may have difficulties with short-term memory. Tests often show problems with short-term visual memory, reaction time and reading speed. There may also be problems with attention and verbal memory.[28]

Mutane masu fama da ME/CFS sau da yawa suna fuskantar rashin haƙuri na orthostatic, alamun da ke farawa ko ƙara muni idan aka tsaya ko a zauna. Alamomin, waɗanda suka haɗa da tashin zuciya, ciwon kai, da nakasa a fahimta, sau da yawa suna inganta bayan kwanciya. [2] Rashin ƙarfi da canje-canje a gani suma ana iya haifar da su ta hanyar tsayawa a tsaye. [20] Wasu suna da ciwon tachycardia na postural orthostatic (POTS), wanda ke ƙaruwa da bugun zuciya bayan tsayawa, wanda zai iya haifar da suma .  : 7 Bugu da ƙari, mutane na iya fuskantar hauhawar jini ta hanyar orthostatic hypotension, raguwar hawan jini bayan sun tsaya.  : 17 

Sauran alamomin da aka saba gani

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ciwo da yawan jin zafi (ƙaruwar yawan jin zafi) sun zama ruwan dare a cikin ME/CFS. Ciwon ba ya tare da kumburi ko ja.  : 16 Ciwon na iya kasancewa a cikin tsokoki ( myalgia ) da gidajen abinci . Mutanen da ke da ME/CFS na iya samun ciwon da ke dawwama a bayan idanu da wuya, da kuma ciwon jijiyoyi (wanda ke da alaƙa da matsalolin tsarin jijiyoyi).  : 8 Ciwon kai da kuma ciwon kai na migraine waɗanda ba a taɓa gani ba kafin cutar suma suna iya faruwa. Duk da haka, ciwon kai na yau da kullun na iya nuna wata hanyar ganewar asali. [29] : 16 

Ƙarin alamun da aka saba gani sun haɗa da ciwon hanji mai raɗaɗi ko wasu matsaloli tare da narkewar abinci, sanyi da gumi na dare, ƙarancin numfashi ko bugun zuciya mara tsari . Wasu suna fuskantar ciwon ƙwayoyin lymph da ciwon makogwaro. Mutane kuma na iya kamuwa da rashin lafiyan abinci ko kuma su zama masu saurin kamuwa da abinci, haske, hayaniya, ƙamshi ko sinadarai. [20]

Tsananin rashin lafiya

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

ME/CFS sau da yawa yana haifar da nakasa mai tsanani, amma matakin ya bambanta sosai. [1] Gabaɗaya ana rarraba ME/CFS zuwa rukuni huɗu na tsananin rashin lafiya:  : 8  : 10 

  • Mutane masu fama da ME/CFS masu laushi galibi suna iya aiki da kula da kansu, amma za su buƙaci lokacin hutunsu don murmurewa daga waɗannan ayyukan maimakon shiga cikin ayyukan zamantakewa da nishaɗi.
  • Tsananin nauyi yana kawo cikas ga ayyukan yau da kullum (ayyukan kula da kai, kamar yin abinci). Mutane ba sa iya yin aiki kuma suna buƙatar hutawa akai-akai.
  • Waɗanda ke fama da ME/CFS mai tsanani ba sa iya zuwa gida kuma suna iya yin ayyuka kaɗan na yau da kullun, misali goge haƙoransu. Suna iya zama waɗanda ke dogaro da keken guragu kuma suna yin mafi yawan lokacinsu a kan gado.
  • Tare da tsananin ME/CFS, mutane galibi suna kwance a kan gado kuma ba sa iya kula da kansu.

Kusan kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na waɗanda ke zaune tare da ME/CFS suna faɗa cikin rukuni mai sauƙi, kuma rabi suna faɗa cikin rukuni mai matsakaici ko matsakaici-zuwa-matsakaici. [24] Kwata na ƙarshe yana faɗa cikin rukuni mai tsanani ko mai tsanani. :3Tsananin zai iya canzawa akan lokaci. Alamomin na iya yin muni, su inganta, ko kuma rashin lafiyar na iya raguwa na wani lokaci. [1] Mutanen da suka ji daɗi na wani lokaci na iya tsawaita ayyukansu fiye da kima, wanda hakan zai haifar da PEM da kuma ƙara ta'azzara alamun. [26]

Waɗanda ke da ME/CFS mai tsanani da tsanani suna fuskantar alamu masu tsanani da bambance-bambance. Suna iya fuskantar rauni mai tsanani da ƙarancin ikon motsi. Suna iya rasa ikon magana, haɗiye, ko sadarwa gaba ɗaya saboda matsalolin fahimta. Suna iya ƙara fuskantar ciwo mai tsanani da rashin jin daɗin taɓawa, haske, sauti, da ƙamshi.  : 50 Ƙananan ayyukan yau da kullum na iya isa su haifar da PEM. [2]

Mutane masu fama da ME/CFS sun ragu a rayuwa idan aka yi musu tambayoyi ta hanyar SF-36, musamman a fannoni kamar aikin jiki da zamantakewa, lafiyar gaba ɗaya, da kuzari. Duk da haka, aikin motsin zuciyarsu da lafiyar kwakwalwa ba su yi ƙasa da na mutanen da ke da lafiya ba. [30] Rashin aikin yi a ME/CFS na iya zama mafi girma fiye da multiple sclerosis, cututtukan zuciya, ko ciwon huhu . [2] Kasa da rabin mutanen da ke fama da ME/CFS suna aiki, kuma kusan ɗaya cikin biyar suna aiki na cikakken lokaci. [8]

Dalilai

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ba a san musabbabin ME/CFS ba tukuna. [2] Tsakanin kashi 60% zuwa 80% na lokuta suna farawa bayan kamuwa da cuta, wanda galibi yana kama da kwayar cuta. :5[24] Ana kyautata zaton cewa wani abu na kwayoyin halitta yana taimakawa, amma babu wata kwayar halitta guda ɗaya da aka sani da ke da alhakin ƙaruwar haɗari. Madadin haka, yawancin bambance-bambancen kwayoyin halitta wataƙila suna da ƙaramin tasiri na mutum ɗaya, amma haɗin tasirinsu na iya zama mai ƙarfi. [3] Wasu dalilai na iya haɗawa da matsaloli tare da tsarin jijiyoyi da garkuwar jiki, da kuma metabolism na makamashi. [2] ME/CFS cuta ce ta halitta, ba yanayin tunani ba, [30] [1] kuma ba saboda raguwar yanayin ba ne . [30] [2]

Bayan ƙwayoyin cuta, wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da hakan sun haɗa da damuwa, abubuwan da suka faru masu ban tausayi, da kuma fallasa muhalli kamar su ƙura .  : 21 Cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, kamar zazzabin Q, suma na iya zama abubuwan da ke haifar da hakan. :5ME/CFS na iya faruwa bayan rauni na jiki, kamar haɗari ko tiyata. [1] An ruwaito cewa an samu rahoton ciki a kusan kashi 3% zuwa 10% na lokuta a matsayin abin da ke haifar da shi. [31] ME/CFS kuma na iya farawa da ƙananan abubuwan da ke haifar da shi, sai kuma abin da ke haifar da shi na ƙarshe wanda ke haifar da bayyanar cututtuka bayyananne. [24]

Abubuwan Haɗari

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

ME/CFS na iya shafar mutane na kowane zamani, ƙabila, da matakan samun kuɗi, amma ya fi yawa a cikin mata fiye da maza. [8] Mutanen da ke da tarihin kamuwa da cuta akai-akai suna da yuwuwar kamuwa da ita. [4] Waɗanda ke da 'yan uwa waɗanda ke da ME/CFS suma suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da ita, wanda ke nuna cewa akwai wani abu na kwayoyin halitta; duk da haka, wani bita na 2020 na nazarin kwayoyin halitta da aka buga bai sami damar gano alaƙa mai ƙarfi da aminci na takamaiman kwayoyin halitta tare da cutar ba. [3] A Amurka, fararen Amurkawa ana gano su akai-akai fiye da sauran ƙungiyoyi, [10] amma ME/CFS wataƙila ya fi yawa a tsakanin 'yan Afirka da Hispanic. [32] An daɗe ana tunanin cewa ME/CFS ya fi yawa a tsakanin waɗanda ke da kuɗi mai yawa. Madadin haka, mutanen da ke cikin ƙungiyoyi marasa rinjaye ko ƙungiyoyi masu ƙarancin kuɗi na iya samun ƙarin haɗari saboda rashin abinci mai gina jiki, ƙarancin damar kiwon lafiya, da ƙaruwar damuwa a aiki. [8]

Cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

An daɗe ana zargin kamuwa da cutar ƙwayoyin cuta (Viral Diseases) na haifar da ME/CFS, bisa ga lura da cewa ME/CFS wani lokacin yana faruwa a lokacin barkewar cuta kuma yana iya alaƙa da cututtukan da ke haifar da garkuwar jiki . [33] Ba a fayyace yadda kamuwa da cutar ƙwayoyin cuta ke haifar da ME/CFS ba; yana iya kasancewa ta hanyar juriyar ƙwayoyin cuta ko ta hanyar hanyar "buga da gudu", inda kamuwa da cuta ke lalata tsarin garkuwar jiki ko haifar da rigakafi. [34]

An danganta nau'ikan kamuwa da cuta iri-iri a cikin ME/CFS, ciki har da kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar iska, mashako, ciwon gastroenteritis, ko kuma wata cuta mai kama da mura mai tsanani.  : 226 Tsakanin kashi 15% zuwa 50% na mutanen da ke fama da cutar COVID mai tsawo suma sun cika sharuddan ganewar cutar ME/CFS. [27] : 228 Daga cikin mutanen da ke kamuwa da cutar mononucleosis mai yaduwa, wanda kwayar cutar Epstein-Barr (EBV) ke haifarwa, kusan kashi 8% zuwa 15% suna kamuwa da ME/CFS, ya danganta da sharuɗɗa. [27] : 226 Sauran cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta da ka iya haifar da ME/CFS sune nau'in H1N1 na ƙwayar cutar mura ta A, ƙwayar cutar varicella zoster (ƙwayar cutar da ke haifar da ƙwari da shingles ), da kuma SARS-CoV-1 . [35]

An kuma yi hasashen sake kunna ƙwayoyin cuta masu ɓoye, musamman EBV da cutar herpesvirus ta ɗan adam 6, don haifar da alamun cutar. EBV yana nan a cikin kusan kashi 90% na mutane, yawanci suna cikin yanayin ɓoye. [36]  : 13 Matakan antibody zuwa EBV sun fi yawa a cikin waɗanda ke da ME/CFS, wanda ke nuna yiwuwar sake kunna kwayar cutar. [37]

Ilimin Halittar Jiki

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

ME/CFS yana da alaƙa da canje-canje a wurare da dama, ciki har da tsarin jijiyoyi da garkuwar jiki, da kuma rikice-rikice a cikin tsarin makamashi. [1] [4] Bambancin jijiyoyi sun haɗa da rashin aikin tsarin jijiyoyi na kai tsaye da canji a tsarin kwakwalwa da metabolism . [38] Canje-canjen da aka lura a cikin tsarin garkuwar jiki sun haɗa da raguwar aikin ƙwayoyin halitta masu kisa, kuma a wasu lokuta, garkuwar jiki . [4]

Ilimin Jijiyoyi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ana samun nau'ikan matsalolin tsari, sinadarai, da aiki iri-iri a cikin nazarin hoton kwakwalwa na mutanen da ke fama da ME/CFS. [15] [38] Abubuwan da aka fi sani sune canje-canje a cikin tushen kwakwalwa da amfani da ƙarin sassan kwakwalwa don ayyukan fahimta. Sauran abubuwan da aka saba gani, bisa ga ƙaramin adadin bincike, sune ƙarancin metabolism a wasu yankuna, raguwar jigilar serotonin, da matsaloli tare da haɗin jijiyoyin jini . [14]

An gabatar da ƙumburin jijiyoyi a matsayin wata hanya ta asali ta ME/CFS wadda za ta iya bayyana manyan alamomi. Nazarce-nazarce da dama sun nuna ƙumburin jijiyoyi a yankunan cortical da limbic na kwakwalwa. Misali, mutanen da ke da ME/CFS suna da matakan lactate da choline mafi girma a kwakwalwa, waɗanda alamu ne na kumburin jijiyoyi. Ƙarin shaidu kai tsaye daga ƙananan nazarin positron emission tomography guda biyu na microglia, wani nau'in ƙwayoyin garkuwar jiki a cikin kwakwalwa, duk da haka, sun saba wa juna. [39] [40]

ME/CFS yana shafar barci. Mutane suna fuskantar raguwar ingancin barci, suna ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo kafin su yi barci, kuma suna ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo kafin su sami barcin REM, wani lokaci na barci wanda ke nuna saurin motsi na ido. An kuma gano canje-canje ga barcin da ba na REM ba, tare da nuna rawar da tsarin jijiyoyi na autonomic ke takawa. [41] Mutane galibi suna da saurin amsawar bugun zuciya ga motsa jiki, amma bugun zuciya mafi girma yayin gwajin tebur mai karkata lokacin da jiki ya juya daga kwance zuwa matsayi a tsaye. Wannan kuma yana nuna rashin aiki a cikin tsarin jijiyoyi na autonomic. [42]

Rigakafi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Mutane masu fama da ME/CFS galibi suna da matsalolin tsarin garkuwar jiki. Wani bincike da aka gudanar a kai a kai shine raguwar aikin ƙwayoyin cuta masu kisa na halitta, wani nau'in ƙwayoyin rigakafi wanda ke kai hari ga ƙwayoyin cuta masu kamuwa da cuta da ƙari. [43] Hakanan suna da yuwuwar kamuwa da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta masu aiki, wanda ke da alaƙa da matsalolin fahimta da gajiya. Kwayoyin T suna nuna ƙarancin aikin metabolism. Wannan na iya nuna cewa sun kai ga gaji kuma ba za su iya mayar da martani yadda ya kamata ba akan ƙwayoyin cuta . [4]

An yi hasashen cewa garkuwar jiki ta atomatik na iya zama sanadin ME/CFS. Akwai wani rukuni na mutanen da ke dauke da ME/CFS tare da karuwar matakan garkuwar jiki ta atomatik, wataƙila sakamakon kwaikwayon ƙwayoyin cuta . [44] Wasu na iya samun matakan garkuwar jiki ta atomatik ga masu karɓar acetylcholine na muscarinic da kuma masu karɓar adrenergic na β2 . [44] [4] Matsaloli tare da waɗannan masu karɓar na iya haifar da raguwar kwararar jini. [45]

Makamashi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A scatterplot with fifty datapoints. They show that people with ME/CFS score worse in work rate at ventilatory threshold than those with unexplained chronic fatigue on the second day of a 2-day exercise test.
Idan mutanen da ke fama da ME/CFS suna motsa jiki a ranakun da suka gabata, ƙarfin aikinsu yana raguwa a rana ta biyu, ba kamar waɗanda ke fama da gajiya mai tsanani ba (ICF).

An gano alamun PEM na manufa tare da gwajin motsa jiki na zuciya na kwana 2. [46] Mutanen da ke da ME/CFS suna da ƙarancin aiki idan aka kwatanta da masu kula da lafiya a gwajin farko. A gwajin na biyu, maki na mutanen da ke da lafiya suna kasancewa iri ɗaya ko kuma suna ƙaruwa kaɗan, yayin da waɗanda ke da ME/CFS suna da raguwa mai mahimmanci a cikin ƙimar aiki a matakin anaerobic . Dalilan da za su iya haifar da su sun haɗa da rashin aiki na mitochondrial, da matsaloli tare da jigilar iskar oxygen da amfani da shi. [47] Wasu daga cikin hanyoyin murmurewa na yau da kullun bayan motsa jiki na iya zama babu, wanda ke ba da wani bayani na daban ga PEM. [4]

Nazarin ya lura da rashin daidaituwar mitochondrial a cikin samar da makamashin tantanin halitta, amma bambance-bambance tsakanin bincike yana sa ya yi wuya a yanke hukunci bayyananne. [48] ATP, babban mai ɗaukar makamashi a cikin tantanin halitta, wataƙila ana samar da shi ne daga lipids da amino acid fiye da carbohydrates . [4]

Wani

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Wasu mutanen da ke fama da ME/CFS suna da matsala a cikin hormones ɗinsu na hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis . Wannan na iya haɗawa da ƙananan matakan cortisol, ƙarancin canji a matakan cortisol a duk tsawon yini, da kuma raunin amsawa ga damuwa da abubuwan da ke motsa jiki. [49] Sauran matsalolin da aka gabatar sune rage kwararar jini zuwa kwakwalwa a ƙarƙashin damuwa ta orthostatic (kamar yadda aka gani a cikin gwajin tebur mai karkatarwa), ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na fiber, da ƙaruwar adadin ƙwayoyin cuta na hanji da ke shiga jini.  : 9 Bambancin ƙwayoyin cuta na hanji ya ragu idan aka kwatanta da waɗanda ke da lafiya. [4] Mata masu fama da ME/CFS sun fi fuskantar endometriosis, farkon haila, da sauran matsalolin haila fiye da waɗanda ba su da wannan yanayin. [1]

Ganewar Ganewa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ganewar ME/CFS ya dogara ne akan alamun cutar [5] kuma ya ƙunshi ɗaukar tarihin likita da kuma gwajin kwakwalwa da na jiki. [50] Babu takamaiman gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje da aka amince da su don gano cutar; yayin da ake iya samun matsalolin jiki, babu wani bincike da aka ɗauka ya isa don gano cutar. [2] [5] Ana amfani da gwajin jini da fitsari don kawar da wasu yanayi waɗanda zasu iya haifar da alamun cutar. [50] Mutanen da ke da ME/CFS sau da yawa suna fuskantar jinkiri sosai wajen samun ganewar cutar, kuma ana iya rasa ganewar cutar gaba ɗaya.  : 66 Ana iya tambayar ƙwararru a fannin ME/CFS su tabbatar da ganewar cutar, domin likitocin kula da lafiya na farko ba su da cikakken fahimtar cutar. [21] : 68 

Gudanarwa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Babu wani magani ko maganin da aka amince da shi ga ME/CFS, kodayake ana iya magance wasu alamun ko kuma a kula da su. Kula da ME/CFS ya ƙunshi ƙwararrun ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya daban-daban. Yawanci, likitan kula da lafiya na farko yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen daidaita kula da lafiya, kula da zamantakewa da tallafin ilimi ga waɗanda har yanzu suna makaranta. Wannan mai kula da lafiya zai iya taimakawa wajen samar da damar samun albarkatun al'umma kamar maganin sana'a da kuma aikin jinya na gunduma . Gudanarwa na iya farawa da magance alamun da suka fi raunana da farko, da kuma magance alamun ɗaya bayan ɗaya a cikin ƙarin ziyarar kula da lafiya.  : 46 

Yin tafiya, ko kuma sarrafa ayyukan mutum don ya kasance cikin iyakokin kuzari, na iya rage lokutan PEM . Magance matsalolin barci tare da tsaftace barci mai kyau, ko magani idan an buƙata, na iya zama da amfani. Ciwon da ke addabar ME/CFS abu ne da ya zama ruwan dare a cikin ME/CFS, kuma CDC ta ba da shawarar yin shawara da ƙwararren mai kula da ciwo idan magungunan rage radadi na ba tare da takardar likita ba sun isa. Don matsalar fahimta, daidaitawa kamar masu shiryawa da kalanda na iya zama da amfani.

Cututtuka masu haɗuwa waɗanda zasu iya hulɗa da kuma ƙara ta'azzara alamun ME/CFS sun zama ruwan dare gama gari, kuma magance waɗannan na iya taimakawa wajen magance ME/CFS. [2] Waɗanda aka fi gano sun haɗa da fibromyalgia, ciwon hanji mai raɗaɗi, migraines da kuma ciwon kunna ƙwayoyin mast .  : 19 Yanayin da ke raunana ME/CFS na iya haifar da baƙin ciki, damuwa, ko wasu matsalolin tunani, waɗanda za a iya magance su. Mutanen da ke da ME/CFS na iya zama masu saurin kamuwa da magunguna, musamman waɗanda ke shafar tsarin jijiyoyi na tsakiya. [51]

Gudanar da gudu da makamashi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A smart watch displaying heart rate on a person's wrist
Na'urar auna bugun zuciya (na'urar auna bugun zuciya) na iya taimakawa wajen sarrafa kuzari.

Tafiya, ko kuma kula da ayyuka, ya ƙunshi daidaita lokutan hutawa da lokutan aiki. [26] Manufar tafiya ita ce daidaita rashin lafiya da kuma guje wa haifar da PEM. [52] Wannan ya ƙunshi kasancewa cikin rukun makamashin da mutum ke da shi don rage "ramawa" PEM da yawan aiki ke haifarwa. [53] An ƙirƙiro dabarar don ME/CFS a shekarun 1980. [54]

Yin tafiya a hankali zai iya haɗawa da raba manyan ayyuka zuwa ƙananan ayyuka da ɗaukar ƙarin hutu, ko ƙirƙirar hanyoyi masu sauƙi don yin ayyuka. Misali, wannan na iya haɗawa da zama a zaune yayin wanke-wanke. Shawarar dakatar da wani aiki (da hutawa ko canza wani aiki) yana faruwa ne ta hanyar sanin cewa alamun sun tsananta. Amfani da na'urar auna bugun zuciya na iya taimaka wa wasu mutane wajen yin tafiya a hankali.

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
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  41. ↑ Mohamed AZ, Andersen T, Radovic S, Del Fante P, Kwiatek R, Calhoun V, Bhuta S, Hermens DF, Lagopoulos J, Shan ZY (June 2023). "Objective Sleep Measures in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Sleep Medicine Reviews. 69. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101771. PMC 10281648 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 36948138 Check |pmid= value (help).
  42. ↑ Nelson MJ, Bahl JS, Buckley JD, Thomson RL, Davison K (October 2019). "Evidence of Altered Cardiac Autonomic Regulation in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Medicine. 98 (43). doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000017600. PMC 6824690. PMID 31651868.
  43. ↑ Eaton-Fitch N, du Preez S, Cabanas H, Staines D, Marshall-Gradisnik S (November 2019). "A Systematic Review of Natural Killer Cells Profile and Cytotoxic Function in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome". Systematic Reviews. 8 (1). doi:10.1186/s13643-019-1202-6. PMC 6857215. PMID 31727160.
  44. 1 2 Sotzny F, Blanco J, Capelli E, Castro-Marrero J, Steiner S, Murovska M (June 2018). "Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome – Evidence for an Autoimmune Disease". Autoimmunity Reviews. 17 (6): 601–609. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2018.01.009. PMID 29635081.
  45. ↑ Wirth K, Scheibenbogen C (June 2020). "A Unifying Hypothesis of the Pathophysiology of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS): Recognitions from the Finding of Autoantibodies Against Β2-Adrenergic Receptors". Autoimmunity Reviews. 19 (6). doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102527. PMID 32247028.
  46. ↑ Lim EJ, Kang EB, Jang ES, Son CG (December 2020). "The Prospects of the Two-Day Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test (CPET) in ME/CFS Patients: A Meta-Analysis". Journal of Clinical Medicine. 9 (12): 4040. doi:10.3390/jcm9124040. PMC 7765094. PMID 33327624.
  47. ↑ Franklin JD, Graham M (3 July 2022). "Repeated Maximal Exercise Tests of Peak Oxygen Consumption in People with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior. 10 (3): 119–135. doi:10.1080/21641846.2022.2108628. ISSN 2164-1846. S2CID 251636593 Check |s2cid= value (help).
  48. ↑ Holden S, Maksoud R, Eaton-Fitch N, Cabanas H, Staines D, Marshall-Gradisnik S (July 2020). "A Systematic Review of Mitochondrial Abnormalities in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease". Journal of Translational Medicine. 18 (1). doi:10.1186/s12967-020-02452-3. PMC 7392668. PMID 32727475.
  49. ↑ Morris G, Anderson G, Maes M (November 2017). "Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Hypofunction in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME)/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) as a Consequence of Activated Immune-Inflammatory And Oxidative and Nitrosative Pathways". Molecular Neurobiology. 54 (9): 6806–6819. doi:10.1007/s12035-016-0170-2. PMID 27766535. S2CID 3524276.
  50. 1 2 "Diagnosing ME/CFS". U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 13 May 2024. Archived from the original on 17 May 2024. Retrieved 17 May 2024.
  51. ↑ "Monitoring the Use of Medicines and Supplements". U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 10 May 2024. Archived from the original on 25 May 2024. Retrieved 25 May 2024.
  52. ↑ Hoffmann K, Hainzl A, Stingl M, Kurz K, Biesenbach B, Bammer C, Behrends U, Broxtermann W, Buchmayer F, Cavini AM, Fretz GS, Gole M, Grande B, Grande T, Habermann-Horstmeier L, Hackl V, Hamacher J, Hermisson J, King M, Kohl S, Leiss S, Litzlbauer D, Renz-Polster H, Ries W, Sagelsdorff J, Scheibenbogen C, Schieffer B, Schön L, Schreiner C, Thonhofer K, Strasser M, Weber T, Untersmayr E (August 2024). "Interdisziplinäres, kollaboratives D-A-CH Konsensus-Statement zur Diagnostik und Behandlung von Myalgischer Enzephalomyelitis/Chronischem Fatigue-Syndrom" [Interdisciplinary, collaborative D-A-CH (Germany, Austria and Switzerland) consensus statement concerning the diagnostic and treatment of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome]. Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift (in Jamusanci). 136 (Suppl 5): 103–123. doi:10.1007/s00508-024-02372-y. PMC 11093804 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 38743348 Check |pmid= value (help).
  53. ↑ O'Connor K, Sunnquist M, Nicholson L, Jason LA, Newton JL, Strand EB (March 2019). "Energy Envelope Maintenance Among Patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Implications of Limited Energy Reserves". Chronic Illness. 15 (1): 51–60. doi:10.1177/1742395317746470. PMC 5750135. PMID 29231037.
  54. ↑ Goudsmit EM, Nijs J, Jason LA, Wallman KE (19 December 2011). "Pacing as a strategy to improve energy management in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: a consensus document". Disability and Rehabilitation. 34 (13): 1140–1147. doi:10.3109/09638288.2011.635746. PMID 22181560. S2CID 22457926. Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
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