Mykhailo Maksymovych
 Mykhailo Maksymovych | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa |
Zolotonoshsky Uyezd (en)  , 3 Satumba 1804 (Julian) |
| ƙasa |
Russian Empire (en) |
| Mutuwa |
Poltava Governorate (en) , 10 Nuwamba, 1873 (Julian) |
| Karatu | |
| Makaranta |
Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of Moscow Imperial University (en) |
| Matakin karatu |
candidate (en) Master of Sciences (en) |
| Harsuna |
Rashanci Harshan Ukraniya |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
Masanin tarihi, cartographer (en) , marubuci, Farfesa, entomologist (en) , botanist (en) da literary historian (en) |
| Employers |
Imperial University of St. Vladimir (en) Lomonosov Moscow State University (en) (1827 - |
| Kyaututtuka | |
| Mamba |
Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences (en) National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (en) |
Mykhailo Oleksandrovych Maksymovych (Ukrainian; 3 Satumba 1804 - 10 Nuwamba 1873) ya kasance farfesa a fannin ilmin halitta, masanin tarihin Ukraine kuma marubuci a Daular Rasha na asalin Cossack.
Ya ba da gudummawa ga kimiyyar rayuwa, musamman botany da zoology, da kuma ilimin harshe, al'adu, ethnography, tarihi, karatun adabi, da ilimin kimiyyar archaeology. A cikin 1845, an kafa Hukumar Archeographic ta Kyiv a kan shirinsa.[1]
A shekara ta 1871, an zabe shi a matsayin memba mai dacewa na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Rasha, sashen harshe da wallafe-wallafen Rasha. Maksymovych kuma [bayyanawa da ake buƙata] ya kasance memba na Nestor the Chronicler Historical Association wanda ya wanzu a Kyiv a cikin 1872-1931.
Rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An haifi Maksymovych a cikin tsohuwar iyalin Cossack na Zaporozhian wanda ke da karamin gida a kan Mykhailova Hora kusa da Prokhorivka, gundumar Zolotonosha a cikin Gwamnatin Poltava (yanzu a cikin Cherkasy Oblast) a gefen hagu na Ukraine. Bayan ya sami karatun sakandare a Novhorod-Siverskyi Gymnasium, ya yi karatun kimiyyar halitta da ilimin harshe a fannin falsafa na Jami'ar Imperial Moscow sannan daga baya ya sami digiri na farko a 1823, na biyu a 1827; bayan haka, ya kasance a jami'ar Moscow don ci gaba da aikin ilimi a fannin shuke-shuke. A shekara ta 1833 ya sami digirin digirinsa kuma an nada shi a matsayin farfesa don kujera na botany a Jami'ar Moscow.
Kimiyya da falsafar jiki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin shekarun 1820 da 1830, Maksymovych ya wallafa littattafai da yawa kan ilmin halitta da botany. An buga littafinsa na farko na ilimi game da botany a cikin 1823 a ƙarƙashin taken On the System of the Flowering Kingdom . Ya kuma wallafa shahararrun ayyuka a kan botany ga layman. Wannan hanyar "populist" ga kimiyya, ya ci gaba da rubuce-rubucensa game da al'adun gargajiya, adabi, da tarihi.
A cikin 1833 a Moscow, ya buga The Book of Naum About God's Great World, wanda ya kasance sanannen rubuce-rubuce na ilimin ƙasa, Tsarin hasken rana, da sararin samaniya, a cikin tufafin addini ga talakawa. Wannan littafin ya zama mafi kyawun sayarwa kuma ya wuce ta hanyar bugu goma sha ɗaya, yana ba Maksymovych wasu sarauta na shekaru masu yawa.
Labaran gargajiya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin 1827, Maksymovych ya buga Little Russian Folksongs wanda yake ɗaya daga cikin tarin farko na Waƙoƙin gargajiya da aka buga a gabashin Turai. Ya ƙunshi waƙoƙi 127, gami da waƙoƙin tarihi, waƙoƙoƙi game da rayuwar yau da kullun, da waƙoƙin al'ada. Tarin ya nuna sabon juyawa ga talakawa, mutane, wanda shine alamar sabon zamanin soyayya wanda ke farawa. A duk inda aka karanta shi, ya haifar da sha'awar ɗalibai masu karatu a rayuwar talakawa. A cikin 1834 da 1849, Maksymovych ya buga wasu tarin littattafai guda biyu.
A cikin tarin waƙoƙin gargajiya, Maksymovych ya yi amfani da sabon rubutun ga harshen Ukrainian wanda ya dogara da ilimin lissafi. Kodayake wannan Maksymovychivka yayi kama da Rasha, mataki ne na farko zuwa ga rubutun mai zaman kansa, bisa ga phonetics wanda daga ƙarshe ya gabatar da matashi na zamani na Maksymovyc, Panteleimon Kulish. Wannan na ƙarshe ya zama tushen rubutun Ukrainian na zamani.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Daga shekarun 1850 zuwa 1870, Maksymovych ya yi aiki sosai a tarihi, musamman tarihin Rasha da Ukraine. Ya soki ka'idar Normanist wanda ya gano Kyivan Rus' zuwa asalin Scandinavia, ya fi son jaddada tushen Slavic. Amma ya yi adawa da masanin tarihin Rasha, Mikhail Pogodin, wanda ya yi imanin cewa Kyivan Rus' asalinsa manyan mutanen Rasha ne daga arewa. Maksymovych ya yi jayayya cewa ƙasashen Kyivan ba a taɓa kawar da su gaba ɗaya ba, har ma bayan mamayewar Mongol, kuma koyaushe Ruthenians da kakanninsu kai tsaye ne ke zaune a cikinsu. Har ila yau, shi ne na farko da ya yi ikirarin "Lithuanian period" don tarihin Rasha. Maksymovych ya kuma yi aiki a kan tarihin birnin Kyiv, na Cossack Hetmanate, na tashin hankali na Bohdan Khmelnytsky, Khmelnytky Uprising a kan Poland, da sauran batutuwa. Gabaɗaya, ya ji tausayi ga waɗannan 'yan tawayen Cossack daban-daban, sosai, a zahiri, cewa aikinsa na farko a kan Haidamaks ya haramta ta hanyar mai binciken Rasha. Yawancin ayyukansa mafi muhimmanci sune nazarin mahimmanci da gyare-gyare na wallafe-wallafen wasu masana tarihi, kamar Mikhail Pogodin da Mykola Kostomarov.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Subtelny, Orest (2009). Ukraine : a history. University of Toronto Press. p. 229. ISBN 978-1-4426-4016-0. OCLC 1069424311.