Naƙasasshiyar kafofin watsa labarai
 Naƙasasshiyar kafofin watsa labarai |
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Bayyana nakasa a cikin kafofin watsa labarai yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsara ra'ayin jama'a game da nakasassu.[1] Ra'ayoyin da aka nuna a cikin kafofin watsa labarai kai tsaye suna tasiri ga yadda ake bi da mutanen da ke da nakasa a cikin al'umma ta yanzu. An ambaci su a matsayin mahimmin shafin don ƙarfafa mummunan hotuna da ra'ayoyi game da mutanen da ke da nakasa. "[2]
A matsayin amsa kai tsaye, akwai karin misalai a duk duniya na mutanen da ke da nakasa da ke bin ayyukan kafofin watsa labarai na kansu, kamar ƙirƙirar jerin fina-finai da ke da alaƙa da batutuwan nakasassu, Shirye-shiryen rediyo da podcasts da aka tsara a kusa da kuma tallatawa ga waɗanda ke da nakasar, da sauransu.
Bayanan da aka saba da su
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kafofin yada labarai gabaɗaya suna nuna mutanen da ke da nakasa bisa ga ra'ayoyin da aka saba da su kamar tausayi da jaruntaka. Masu ba da shawara ga nakasassu galibi suna kiran wannan yanayin zamantakewar al'umma "muryar tausayi / jaruntaka" ko "muryar jinƙai / jaruntaki" kuma suna kira ga magoya bayanta su "Sauya da tausayi" kuma su ci gaba tare da hadawa a maimakon haka.[3]
Lokacin da rahotanni game da "matsalar nakasassu" suna dogaro da tausayi ko tsarin likita na nakasassu. Telethons misali ne na wannan, kamar Jerry Lewis MDA Telethon wanda aka soki sosai kuma wani lokacin ma masu kare Hakkin nakasassu sun nuna rashin amincewa da shi.[4][5]
Rahoton yau da kullun mara kyau na iya faruwa ta hanyar nuna mutumin da aka ba shi ko mutanen da ke da nakasa a matsayin nauyi ko zubar da ruwa a kan al'umma.[6]
Misali na "super-crip", wanda aka nuna batutuwa a matsayin jaruntaka da suka shawo kan yanayinsu, ana amfani dashi sau da yawa yayin bayar da rahoto game da mutanen da ke da nakasa.[7]
Ana amfani da Tsarin zamantakewa don bayar da rahoto game da ayyukan masu fafutukar kare hakkin nakasassu idan rahoton yana da kyau.[8]
Kalmar nan "batsa ta wahayi" an kirkireshi ne a cikin 2012 ta mai fafutukar kare hakkin nakasassu Stella Young a cikin wani edita a cikin gidan yanar gizon Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Australiya Ramp Up . [9] Kalmar tana bayyana lokacin da ake kiran mutanen da ke da nakasa kawai ko kuma a wani bangare bisa ga nakasa.[10][11]
Masu bincike sun lura cewa ana ba da fifiko ga mutanen da ke da nakasa, tare da sadarwa a matsayin na biyu mai wuya kuma ana tsara nishaɗi a matsayin alatu.[12]
Halin da aka tsara
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Hotuna na nakasa waɗanda suka samo asali a cikin zane-zane, fim, wallafe-wallafen, talabijin, da sauran ayyukan almara na kafofin watsa labarai, ana daidaita su akai-akai ta hanyar maimaitawa ga masu sauraro gaba ɗaya. Da zarar irin wannan nau'in ya shawo kan kuma jama'a suka yarda da shi, ana ci gaba da maimaita shi a cikin kafofin watsa labarai, a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban, amma yana kasancewa kusa da nau'in. An gano ra'ayoyin kafofin watsa labarai da yawa game da nakasa. Wani lokaci ana kiransu "tropes", ma'ana hoto mai maimaitawa ko wakilci a cikin al'adun gargajiya wanda aka gane shi sosai.[13] Tropes da aka maimaita a cikin ayyukan fiction suna da tasiri a kan yadda al'umma gabaɗaya ke ganin mutanen da ke da nakasa. Sauran nau'ikan kafofin watsa labarai, bi da bi, suna nuna mutanen da ke da nakasa ta hanyoyin da suka dace da tropes kuma maimaita su.[14]
Wasu daga cikin wadannan nakasassu da aka gano a cikin al'adun gargajiya sun hada da:
"Ƙaramin mutane suna da ban mamaki"
"Little People are Surreal" trope sau da yawa yana taka leda a kan amfani da dwarfism don inganta fasalin fantasy na sararin samaniya. Misalan wannan sun haɗa da halin Tattoo a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Fantasy Island; yin amfani da dwarf a matsayin dalili a cikin ayyukan darektan fina-finai na Amurka David Lynch, kamar Mulholland Drive; da kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo wanda ya bayyana a matsayin fitaccen mai jefawa a cikin fim din The Eyes of Laura Mars .
"Naƙasassun Kashi ɗaya"
Wannan shi ne inda mutum na yau da kullun a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin ya sami nakasa ta wucin gadi, ya koyi darasi na ɗabi'a, kuma ya yi saurin murmurewa. Misalan sun haɗa da wani labari na M*A*S*H inda Hawkeye ya makantar da shi na ɗan lokaci, da kuma wani labari na Law and Order: SVU inda Detective Stabler ya makantar na ɗan lokaci.
"Ƙarfin Ƙarfi"
Wannan shi ne inda ƙaddara ta cire iyawa ɗaya, yana haɓaka wani, don haka halin da ya naƙasa yana da iko ɗaya. Wannan ya haifar da kirkirar nau'ikan nau'ikan wannan nakasassu, kamar su Makaho Mai Gona, Makaho Mai Makami, Genius Cripple da Super Wheel Chair.
Wani lokaci, haruffa da aka ba su nakasa ana ganin su ne kawai a matsayin nakasa. Ta hanyar samfurin likita, an bayyana nakasa kuma an ba da labarin su a cikin salon WebMD. Wannan nau'in nakasassu, kamar yadda Jay Timothy Dolmage ya bayyana shi, an san shi da "Rashin nakasassu a matsayin Pathology". Yana da lahani saboda yana ciyar da ra'ayin cewa mutanen da ke da nakasa sune nakasassu da farko kafin su kasance.[15]
Sauran ra'ayoyin nakasassu waɗanda aka gano a cikin al'adun gargajiya sun haɗa da: [16]
Abinda ake jin tausayi
"Abin da ke da tausayi" shine inda ake amfani da nakasassu don karfafa mutane masu jiki don cimma burinsu, wanda aka kirkiro a matsayin batsa na Inspiration. Tare da wannan, nakasa tana da alaƙa da rashin lafiya ko cuta. Misalan sun haɗa da Auggie a cikin fim din Wonder (fim), ko Tiny Tim a cikin A Christmas Carol .
Mummunan ko mugunta
Ana nuna halayen da ke da nakasa ta jiki a matsayin mai adawa da jarumi, kamar a cikin fina-finai Ant-Man da Wasp (halayyar Ghost) da Split.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Preston, Daniel L; Fink, Lisa Storm (November 2010). "Finding Difference: Nemo and Friends Opening the Door to Disability Theory". English Journal. 100 (2): 56–60. doi:10.58680/ej201012726 Check
|doi=value (help). ProQuest 766940912. - ↑ Hardin, Marie Myers; Hardin, Brent (2004). "The 'supercrip; in sport media: wheelchair athletes discuss hegemony's disabled hero". Sociology of Sport Online. 7 (1). Archived from the original on 20 December 2012.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ "The Nutty Profess-ion" article from Rabble News
- ↑ Empty citation (help)[page needed]
- ↑ Barnes, Colin. "Disabling Imagery and the Media" (PDF). Disability Studies. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 February 2017. Retrieved 10 February 2017.
- ↑ Johnson, Mary. "Press victimization of disabled people". Indiana University Bloomington. Retrieved 10 February 2017.
- ↑ Indiana University School of Journalism (1988-02-08). "Archive " The "super-crip" stereotype " Ethics cases online". Journalism.indiana.edu. Archived from the original on 2012-03-09. Retrieved 2012-06-18.
- ↑ Young, Stella (2012-07-03). "We're not here for your inspiration - The Drum (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)". Abc.net.au. Retrieved 2016-03-29.
- ↑ Young, Stella (9 June 2014). "Stella Young: I'm not your inspiration, thank you very much | TED Talk". TED.com. Retrieved 2015-08-19.
- ↑ Heideman, Elizabeth (2 February 2015). ""Inspiration porn is not okay": Disability activists are not impressed with feel-good Super Bowl ads". Salon.com. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ "Media Representation of Disabled People: A Critical Analysis". www.disabilityplanet.co.uk. Retrieved 2023-04-21.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Empty citation (help)