Nahawun yaren latin

 

Eton Latin Grammar littafi ne na makarantar Latin da ke da alaƙa da Kwalejin Eton kuma ana amfani dashi sosai a makarantun ilimin lissafi na Burtaniya a cikin ƙarni na 18 da 19.

Tarihi

Ya zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 1670, William Lily's Latin Grammar ya kasance kawai rubutun Latin da aka amince da shi don makarantun Ingilishi. A cikin 1732, Dokta John Ward, a lokacin Farfesa na Rhetoric a Kwalejin Gresham, masu sayar da littattafai tare da haƙƙin bugawa sun ba da izini don sake fasalin rubutun da ba daidai ba kuma su shirya gyaran bugu. Don biyan bukatun ilimi masu tasowa kuma don mayar da martani ga zarge-zarge da suka gabata, daga baya an kirkiro sabon sigar ga ɗalibai a Kwalejin Eton, wanda Henry VI na Ingila ya kafa a 1440.

Lokacin da aka sake fasalin Grammar Latin na Lily a ƙarshen shekarun 1750, Kwalejin Eton ce ta mallake shi.[1] A lokacin, Eton ya wuce Makarantar Westminster a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan makarantu masu zaman kansu. Asalin da ake kira A Short Introduction to the Latin Tongue, For the Use of Youth, wannan fitowar ta 1758 ta zama sananne da The Eton Latin Grammar . [2] An buga shi da farko a Eton ta hanyar Joseph Pote, mai bugawa mai ƙwazo, a cikin shekara ta 1758. Har ila yau, mai sayar da littattafai na Eton Thomas Pote ne ya sayar da shi.[3]

An tattara bugu na farko na rubutun a matsayin tarin ayyukan Latin da aka daidaita da harshen Latin.

An sake buga sabon bugu na takwas a cikin 1790. Kalmomin "Eton Latin Grammar" ba su bayyana a shafin taken ba har zuwa shekarun 1790, har ma a lokacin ne kawai a cikin ayyukan da ba a bayar don amfani a Eton ba. Duk da haka, ya kasance sananne ne kuma yana da tasiri. Ƙananan makarantu sun karbe shi don inganta sunansu, kuma a shekara ta 1800, kwafin da ba a ba da izini ba suna yawo a duk faɗin Biritaniya. Littafin Latin ne na yau da kullun ga ɗaliban makarantar sakandare ta Turanci a ƙarni na goma sha takwas da na sha tara.

A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1805, Dokta William Fordyce Mavor ya buga sabon fitowar da ake kira The Eton Latin Grammar; ko, Gabatarwa ga harshen Latin, tare da bayanin bayani da aka tattara daga masu ilimin lissafi daban-daban. Ya yi amfani da Eton Latin Grammar a makarantarsa sama da shekaru ashirin, wanda ya ba shi cikakken haske game da ƙarfinsa da raunin sa.

T.W.C. Edwards, MA, ya zama sanannen editan Eton Latin Grammar, ya saki bugu na huɗu a shekara ta 1828. An sadaukar da shi a cikin fassarar Edward ga Rev. John Keate, a lokacin shugaban Kwalejin Eton.

A cikin wata sanarwa ta 1856, E. P. Williams ya bayyana kansa a matsayin mai wallafa Eton Grammars (Latin da Girkanci) da sauran litattafan makarantar Eton. Ya bayyana cewa wasu daga cikin "Eton Grammars" da aka tallata a cikin manema labarai ba a yi amfani da su a Eton ba. Williams ya bayyana cewa kawai harshen Latin na farko da aka yi amfani da shi a hukumance a Eton ya buga shi, tare da amincewar hukumomin Eton. Charles Duke Yonge ne ya shirya shi kuma yana tare da littattafan motsa jiki na Latin da suka dace da dokokin Eton.

An yi la'akari da rubutun sosai a lokacinsa, amma malamai daga baya sun watsar da shi a matsayin tsohon yayi, wanda ya haifar da raguwa. Amfani da shi a Eton ya ci gaba har zuwa shugabancin Rev. Dr. James John Hornby, wanda aka nada a 1868. Bayan Dokar Makarantun Jama'a ta 1868 da sake fasalin gudanarwa, Benjamin Hall Kennedy's The Public School Latin Primer ya maye gurbinsa.

A shekara ta 1885, an sake sabunta sha'awa a Eton wajen farfado da bugawa na Eton Latin Grammar don amfani da makaranta. An yi niyyar biyan bukatun yara maza a cikin ƙananan siffofi, Eton Elementary Latin Grammar ya yi niyyar sauƙaƙe ilmantarwa na harshe, guje wa rikitarwa da amfani da ƙarin bayani mai sauƙi. Arthur Campbell Ainger da H. G. Wintle ne suka tattara shi, mataimakin masters a Kwalejin Eton, tare da amincewar shugaban makarantar Rev. Edmond Warre.

Francis Hay Rawlins da William Ralph Inge, mataimakin shugaban makarantar a Eton, sun shirya Eton Latin Grammar a 1888.