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Narges Mohammadi

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Narges Mohammadi
Rayuwa
Haihuwa Zanjan (en) Fassara, 21 ga Afirilu, 1972 (53 shekaru)
ƙasa Pahlavi Iran (en) Fassara
Iran
Ƴan uwa
Abokiyar zama Taghi Rahmani (en) Fassara  (1999 -
Karatu
Makaranta Imam Khomeini International University (en) Fassara
Harsuna Farisawa
Azerbaijani (en) Fassara
Sana'a
Sana'a Mai kare ƴancin ɗan'adam da ɗan jarida
Employers Defenders of Human Rights Center (en) Fassara
Kyaututtuka
Imani
Addini Ƴan Sha Biyu
Musulunci

Narges Mohammadi (Persian; an haife shi a ranar 21 ga Afrilu 1972) ɗan gwagwarmayar kare hakkin dan adam ne na Iran. Ita ce mataimakiyar shugaban Cibiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam (DHRC), karkashin jagorancin abokin aikinta na Nobel Peace Prize, Shirin Ebadi . [1] Mohammadi ta kasance mai ba da shawara game da rashin biyayya ga mata masu yawa game da hijabi a Iran kuma mai sukar hijabi da shirin tsabtar tsarki na 2023 .[2][3] A watan Mayu 2016, an yanke mata hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru 16 a Tehran saboda "kafa da gudanar da ƙungiyar rarraba ba bisa ka'ida ba Legam". An sake ta a shekarar 2020 amma an mayar da ita kurkuku a shekarar 2021, inda tun daga lokacin ta ba da rahotanni game da cin zarafi da tsare mata da aka tsare.[4]

Narges Mohammadi ya rubuta wa mujallar, saƙon syndicate", editan Robert Bruchim a Tehran.

A cikin Oktoba 2023, yayin da take kurkuku, an ba ta lambar yabo ta zaman lafiya ta Nobel ta 2023 "saboda yakin da ta yi da zaluncin mata a Iran da kuma yakin da ta yi na inganta 'yancin ɗan adam da 'yanci ga kowa". [5] Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Iran ta yi Allah wadai da shawarar.[6][7]

An bayar da rahoton a ranar 19 ga Nuwamba, 2024 cewa Mohammadi ta yi wani hadadden tiyata a Iran wanda aka cire wani bangare na kashi a kafarta ta dama saboda fargabar ciwon daji amma nan da nan aka mayar da ita gidan yari, lamarin da ya kara hadarin ga rayuwarta.[8]

Tarihi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

An haifi Mohammadi a ranar 21 ga Afrilu 1972 [9] a Zanjan, Iran ga dangin Azerbaijan na Iran kuma ya girma a Karaj da biranen Kurdawa na Qorveh da Oshnaviyeh. [10][11] Ta halarci Jami'ar Qazvin International, ta sami digiri a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, kuma ta zama ƙwararren injiniya. A lokacin aikinta na jami'a, ta rubuta labaran da ke tallafawa 'Yancin mata a cikin jaridar dalibai kuma an kama ta a tarurruka biyu na ƙungiyar ɗaliban siyasa Tashakkol Daaneshjuyi Roshangaraan ("Ƙungiyar Ɗaliban Haskakawa"). [9][12] Ta kuma kasance mai aiki a cikin ƙungiyar hawan dutse amma daga baya aka dakatar da ita daga shiga hawan dutsen saboda ayyukanta na siyasa.[9]

Mohammadi ya ci gaba da aiki a matsayin dan jarida a jaridu da dama na kawo sauyi, ya kuma buga wani littafi na kasidun siyasa mai suna The Reforms, Strategy and the Tictics . [12] A shekara ta 2003, ta shiga Cibiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam (DHRC), karkashin jagorancin Shirin Ebadi; daga baya ta zama mataimakin shugaban kungiyar. [9][1]

A shekara ta 1999, ta auri ɗan jarida mai goyon bayan sake fasalin Taghi Rahmani, wanda ba da daɗewa ba aka kama shi a karon farko.[9][12] A shekara ta 2003, ta shiga cibiyar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam (DHRC), wacce ta sami lambar yabo ta zaman lafiya ta Nobel Shirin Ebadi;.[1] . [9] [1]

Kamar yadda sauran masu tunani ke binciko ra'ayin Neo-Shariatism a cikin 1990s, sun ci gaba da ra'ayi na mulki wanda "ya yi watsi da manufar daular Musulunci kuma suka ba da shawarar (maimakon) mai zaman kanta, ko urfi, dimokuradiyya".

Kurkuku

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

An fara kama Mohammadi ne a shekarar 1998 saboda sukar da ta yi wa gwamnatin Iran kuma ta kwashe shekara guda a kurkuku.[12] A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2010, an kira ta zuwa Kotun Juyin Juya Halin Musulunci don zama memba a DHRC . An sake ta a takaice a kan beli na US $ 50,000 amma an sake kama ta bayan kwanaki da yawa kuma an tsare ta a gidan yarin Evin.[9][13] Lafiyar Mohammadi ta ragu yayin da take cikin tsare, kuma ta kamu da cuta mai kama da farfajiya, wanda ya sa ta rasa ikon sarrafa tsoka lokaci-lokaci. Bayan wata daya, an sake ta kuma an ba ta damar neman magani.[13]

A watan Yulin 2011, an sake gurfanar da Mohammadi [9] kuma an same ta da laifin "yi aiki a kan tsaron kasa, kasancewa memba na DHRC da farfaganda a kan gwamnatin. " [13] A watan Satumba, an yanke mata hukuncin shekaru 11 a kurkuku. Mohammadi ta bayyana cewa ta koyi game da hukuncin ne kawai ta hanyar lauyoyinta kuma an "ba ta hukunci mai shafi 23 da ba a taɓa gani ba wanda kotun ta bayar inda suka kwatanta ayyukan kare hakkin dan adam da ƙoƙarin hambarar da mulkin. " A watan Maris na shekara ta 2012, kotun daukaka kara ta tabbatar da hukuncin, kodayake an rage shi zuwa shekaru shida. [13][14] A ranar 26 ga Afrilu, an kama ta don fara hukuncin ta.[1]

Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Burtaniya ta nuna rashin amincewa da hukuncin, wanda ta kira shi "wani misali mai ban tausayi na kokarin da hukumomin Iran ke yi na rufe bakin masu jaruntaka masu kare hakkin bil'adama". [13] Amnesty International ta sanya ta a matsayin fursuna na lamiri kuma ta yi kira da a sake ta nan da nan. [15] Kungiyar Reporters Without Borders ta fitar da koke a madadin Mohammadi a bikin cika shekaru tara da rasuwar mai daukar hoto Zahra Kazemi a gidan yarin Evin, inda ta bayyana cewa Mohammadi fursuna ne wanda rayuwarsa ke da hadari musamman. A cikin Yuli 2012, ƙungiyar 'yan majalisa ta ƙasa da ƙasa ta yi kira da a sake ta, ciki har da Sanatan Amurka Mark Kirk, tsohon Atoni-Janar na Kanada Irwin Cotler, dan majalisar dokokin Burtaniya Denis MacShane, dan majalisar Australia Michael Danby, dan majalisar Italiya Fiamma Nirenstein, da kuma dan majalisar Lithuania Emanuelis Zingeris. [16][17] A ranar 31 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2012, an saki Mohammadi daga kurkuku.[18]

A ranar 31 ga Oktoba, 2014, Mohammadi ya yi jawabi a makabartar Sattar Beheshti, yana mai cewa, "Yaya 'yan majalisar ke ba da shawarar wani shiri na inganta nagarta da rigakafin mugayen mutane, amma babu wanda ya yi magana shekaru biyu da suka wuce lokacin da wani dan Adam mai suna Sattar Beheshti ya mutu a hannun azabtarwa a hannun mai tambayarsa?" Bidiyon jawabin nata ya yi gaggawar yaduwa a shafukan sada zumunta, lamarin da ya sa kotun Evin ta gayyace ta.

A cikin sammacin da na samu a ranar 5 ga Nuwamba, 2014, an bayyana cewa dole ne in mika kaina ga 'dan tuhuma', amma babu wani karin bayani game da wadannan tuhume-tuhumen.[19]

— Narges Mohammadi

A ranar 5 ga Mayu 2015, an sake kama Mohammadi bisa sabbin tuhume-tuhume. Reshe na 15 na Kotun Juyin Juyi ya yanke mata hukuncin daurin shekaru goma a gidan yari kan tuhumar "kafa haramtacciyar kungiya" dangane da Legam (Kamfen na Mataki na Mataki na Kawar da Hukuncin Kisa), shekaru biyar don "taro da hada baki kan tsaron kasa," shekara don " farfaganda kan tsarin "don ganawarta da kafofin watsa labarai na kasa da kasa na EU da kuma babban taronta na Maris 2014. Manufofin Harkokin Waje da Tsaro, Catherine Ashton. A watan Janairun 2019, Mohammadi ya fara yajin aikin yunwa tare da dan kasar Burtaniya da Iran da aka tsare Nazanin Zaghari-Ratcliffe a gidan yarin Evin don nuna rashin amincewa da hana shi samun kulawa. A watan Yulin 2020, ta nuna alamun kamuwa da cutar COVID-19, wanda ta bayyana cewa ta warke a watan Agusta.[20] A ranar 8 ga Oktoba 2020, an saki Mohammadi daga kurkuku.

A watan Maris na 2021, Mohammadi ya rubuta gabatarwar rahoton shekara-shekara na 'Yancin Dan Adam na Iran game da hukuncin kisa a Iran:

Hukuncin kisa da aka yi wa mutane irin su [Navid Afkari] da [Ruhollah Zam] a cikin shekarar da ta gabata, ya kasance mafi yawan kisa a Iran. Bayar da hukuncin kisa ga Ahmadreza Djalali na daya daga cikin mafi kuskuren hukunce-hukuncen da ya kamata a yi nazari a kan dalilan da suka sa aka yanke wannan hukuncin kisa. An yanke wa wadannan mutane hukuncin kisa ne bayan an tsare su a gidan yari, aka kuma yi musu muguwar azaba ta tunani da tunani, shi ya sa ba na kallon tsarin shari’a da adalci ko adalci; Ina ganin sanya wadanda ake tuhuma a gidan yari, suna tilasta musu yin ikirari na karya da karya wadanda ake amfani da su a matsayin babbar shaida wajen bayar da wadannan hukunce-hukunce. Shi ya sa nake matukar damuwa da kame-kamen da aka yi kwanan nan a Sistan da Baluchistan da Kurdistan, kuma ina fata kungiyoyin da ke yaki da hukuncin kisa za su ba da kulawa ta musamman ga wadanda ake tsare da su, domin ina tsoron kada mu sake fuskantar wani tashin hankali na kisa a shekara mai zuwa.[21]

A watan Mayun 2021, reshe na 1188 na Kotun Laifuka ta Biyu a Tehran ta yanke wa Mohammadi hukuncin daurin shekaru biyu da rabi, bulala 80, da tara guda biyu daban-daban kan tuhume-tuhumen da suka hada da " yada farfaganda ga tsarin ". Bayan wata hudu, sai ta samu sammaci ta fara zartar da wannan hukunci, wanda ba ta amsa ba saboda ta dauki hukuncin a matsayin rashin adalci..[22]

A ranar 16 ga Nuwamba 2021, an kama Mohammadi a Karaj, Alborz, yayin da yake halartar wani abin tunawa da Ebrahim Ketabdar [fa] , wanda jami'an tsaro na Iran suka kashe a lokacin zanga-zangar kasa a watan Nuwamba 2019. Amnesty International da Ƙungiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Duniya sun hukunta ta a matsayin ta son rai.[22][23]

A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2022, a lokacin zanga-zangar Mahsa Amini, BBC ta wallafa wani rahoto daga Mohammadi wanda ya ba da cikakken bayani game da cin zarafin mata da aka tsare. A watan Janairun 2023, ta ba da rahoto daga kurkuku wanda ke ba da cikakken bayani game da yanayin mata a gidan yarin Evin, gami da jerin fursunoni 58 da tsarin tambayoyi da azabtarwa da suka wuce. 57 daga cikin wadannan mata sun kwashe kwanaki 8350 gabaɗaya a ƙarƙashin ɗaurin kaɗaici. 56 daga cikin wadannan mata an yanke musu hukuncin watanni 3300 gabaɗaya.[24]

 

Mohammadi ta kasance mai sukar tsare-tsare, tana kiranta "White Torture" a cikin littafinta na 2022 na wannan sunan. An fassara White Torture zuwa Jamusanci a matsayin Frauen! Rayuwa! Sai dai ya yi Farin ciki! . ("Mata! Rayuwa! 'Yanci!") a cikin 2023. A watan Satumbar 2023, ta goyi bayan Mehdi Yarrahi bayan kama shi saboda waƙar zanga-zangar "Roosarito".[25]

A watan Mayun 2024, Mohammadi ta sanar da cewa tana fuskantar sabbin tuhume-tuhume kan kasar Iran.

A cewar BBC, a watan Disamba an sake ta daga gidan yari na tsawon makonni uku don jinya bayan tiyatar da aka yi mata wata guda kafin daga bisani ta samu ciwon daji da zai iya haifar da ciwon daji.[26] A watan Janairun 2025, ta sanar da cewa ta gama rubuta tarihin rayuwarta kuma tana rubuta littafi kan cin zarafi da cin zarafin mata da ake tsare da su a Iran.[27]

A cikin Yuli 2025 kwamitin Nobel na Norway ya ba da rahoton cewa Iran ta yi wa Mohammadi barazanar "kawar da jiki".[28]

Daraja da kyaututtuka

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Kyaututtuka da Mohammadi ya samu:

  • 2009: Alexander Langer Award">Kyautar Alexander Langer, mai suna Alexander Langer mai fafutukar zaman lafiya. Kyautar ta ɗauki kyautar Euro 10,000.[12]
  • 2011: Per Anger Prize, lambar yabo ta kasa da kasa ta gwamnatin Sweden don haƙƙin ɗan adam [29]
  • 2016: Kyautar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Birnin Weimar [30]
  • 2018: Kyautar Andrei Sakharov daga American Physical Society [31]
  • 2022: Sanarwar a matsayin daya daga cikin Mata 100 masu ban sha'awa da tasiri na BBC [32]
  • 2023: Kyautar Olof Palme daga Gidauniyar Olof Palma ta Sweden, tare da Marta Chumalo da Eren Keskin [33]
  • 2023: PEN / Barbey Freedom to Write Award daga PEN America [34]
  • 2023: UNESCO / Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prize, An raba shi tare da Elaheh Mohammadi da Niloofar Hamedi.
  • 2023: Kyautar Nobel ta Zaman Lafiya "saboda gwagwarmayar da ta yi da zalunci ga mata a Iran da gwagwarmaya don inganta haƙƙin ɗan adam da 'yanci ga kowa". Sauran mata hudu na Iran suma sun kasance 'yan takara: Niloofar Hamedi, Elahe Mohamadi, Masih Alinejad, da Nargest Setude.[35] Shugaban Amurka ya taya ta murna kuma ya ambaci Armita Geravand. Babban Majalisar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Iran ta yi Allah wadai da kyautar don bayar da kyautar "mai laifi".[36]
    • Rubutun jawabin da ta yi na kyautar Nobel, wanda aka fitar da shi daga Kurkukun Evin a Iran, 'ya'yanta matasa, Ali da Kiana Rahmani ne suka karanta shi a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka a Oslo.

A cikin 2010, lokacin da Shirin Ebadi, wadda ta samu lambar yabo ta zaman lafiya ta Nobel ta lashe kyautar Felix Ermacora ta Human Rights Award ta sadaukar da ita ga Mohammadi. "Wannan mace mai jajircewa ta cancanci wannan lambar yabo fiye da ni," in ji Ebadi.

Ayyuka

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  • White Torture: Tattaunawa da Mata fursunonin Iran. [Hotuna a shafi na 9] ISBN 9780861545506

Bayanan da aka ambata

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Kamali Dehghan, Saeed (26 April 2012). "Iranian human rights activist Narges Mohammadi arrested". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 15 June 2012. Retrieved 31 October 2012.Kamali Dehghan, Saeed (26 April 2012). "Iranian human rights activist Narges Mohammadi arrested". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 15 June 2012. Retrieved 31 October 2012. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "G" defined multiple times with different content
  2. ↑ "نرگس محمدی: قدرت امتناع زنان، قدرت استبداد را درهم شکسته است" [Narges Mohammadi: The power of women's refusal has crushed the power of tyranny]. Deutsche Welle (in Farisanci). Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  3. ↑ "نرگس محمدی: زنان و مبارزه با حجاب اجباری، راهبرد پایان دادن به جمهوری اسلامی هستند" [Narges Mohammadi asked the people who believe in hijab to "separate their line from the line of religious oppressors"]. BBC Persian (in Farisanci). 13 April 2023. Archived from the original on 14 May 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  4. ↑ Kamali Dehghan, Saeed (24 May 2016). "UN condemns 16-year jail sentence for Iranian activist Narges Mohammadi". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 18 September 2019. Retrieved 11 January 2019.
  5. ↑ "NOBEL PEACE PRIZE RECEIVED BY CHILDREN OF IMPRISONED NARGES MOHAMMADI". Bru Times News (in Turanci). 2023-12-11. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
  6. ↑ "Iran's jailed rights advocate Narges Mohammadi wins 2023 Nobel Peace Prize". Al Jazeera (in Turanci). 6 October 2023. Archived from the original on 10 October 2023. Retrieved 2023-10-07.
  7. ↑ "Nå blir det klart hvem som får Nobels fredspris 2023" [Now it becomes clear who will receive the Nobel Peace Prize 2023]. www.aftenposten.no (in Norwegian Bokmål). 2023-10-06. Archived from the original on 6 October 2023. Retrieved 2023-10-06.
  8. ↑ "Concerns grow for imprisoned Nobel Peace Prize laureate Narges Mohammadi's health in Iran". ABC News (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-11-19.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 Muhammad Sahimi (10 May 2012). "Nationalist, Religious, and Resolute: Narges Mohammadi". PBS. Archived from the original on 29 June 2012. Retrieved 31 October 2012.
  10. ↑ "Nobel Peace Prize goes to jailed Iranian activist Narges Mohammadi". Archived from the original on 15 December 2023. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
  11. ↑ "Iranian human rights activist Narges Mohammadi gets Nobel Peace Prize". sawtbeirut.com. 6 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 "Narges Mohammadi, from Iran, recepient [sic] of the international Alexander Langer award 2009". Alexander Langer Foundation. 18 June 2009. Archived from the original on 15 June 2012. Retrieved 31 October 2012. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "ALF" defined multiple times with different content
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 Saeed Kamali Dehghan (28 September 2011). "Iranian activist Narges Mohammadi jailed for 11 years". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 8 August 2012. Retrieved 31 October 2012.
  14. ↑ Saeed Kamali Dehghan (7 March 2012). "Iran steps up crackdown on journalists and activists". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 23 July 2012. Retrieved 31 October 2012.
  15. ↑ "Urgent Action: human rights Defender imprisoned". Amnesty International. 30 April 2012. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
  16. ↑ "Lives of several imprisoned journalists and netizens in danger". Reporters Without Borders. 10 July 2012. Archived from the original on 13 September 2012. Retrieved 31 October 2012.
  17. ↑ "International Lawmakers Call on Iran to Release Narges Mohammadi". kirk.senate.gov. 26 July 2012. Archived from the original on 17 October 2012. Retrieved 31 October 2012.
  18. ↑ "Iran: List of human rights defenders behind bars". Worldwide Movement for Human Rights. Archived from the original on 26 September 2013. Retrieved 13 June 2017.
  19. ↑ "Iran: Judicial Harassment of Human Rights Activist Narges Mohammadi". www.gc4hr.org. 14 November 2014. Archived from the original on 2 July 2015. Retrieved 13 June 2017.
  20. ↑ "Iran frees activist Narges Mohammadi, cuts her sentence". Deutsche Welle. 8 October 2020. Archived from the original on 28 May 2021. Retrieved 1 May 2021.
  21. ↑ "Narges Mohammadi: Violence of Death Penalty is Worse Than War". Iran Human Rights. March 30, 2021. Archived from the original on 19 October 2023. Retrieved April 10, 2021.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 "Iran: Release arbitrarily detained rights activist at imminent risk of flogging". Amnesty International (in Turanci). 18 November 2021. Archived from the original on 23 November 2021. Retrieved 23 November 2021. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "amnesty.org" defined multiple times with different content
  23. ↑ "IRAN: Narges Mohammadi back in prison to serve her 30 months prison sentence". International Federation for Human Rights (in Turanci). 19 November 2021. Archived from the original on 5 June 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
  24. ↑ "Narges Mohammadi". IRAN-PROTESTS.com. Archived from the original on 6 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
  25. ↑ "نرگس محمدی: مهدی یراحی با ترانه‌اش دسیسه وحشت استبداد دینی را بر سر حکومت آوار کرد" [Narges Mohammadi: Mehdi Yerahi destroyed the conspiracy of the terror of religious tyranny over the government with his song.]. Iran International (in Farisanci). 6 October 2023. Archived from the original on 10 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  26. ↑ "Narges Mohammadi: Iran temporarily releases Nobel Peace Prize winner". BBC (in Turanci). 4 December 2024. Retrieved 2024-12-04.
  27. ↑ "Nobel laureate Narges Mohammadi to publish two books". France 24 (in Turanci). 2 January 2025. Retrieved 2 January 2025.
  28. ↑ Smith, Cachella (2025-07-11). "Activist Narges Mohammadi reports threats of 'elimination' by Iran". www.bbc.com (in Turanci). Retrieved 2025-07-11.
  29. ↑ "2011: Narges Mohammadi". Forum för Levande Historia. Archived from the original on 6 October 2023. Retrieved 2023-10-06.
  30. ↑ "Statement by the Human Rights Commissioner on the sentence against Iranian human rights defender Mohammadi". 29 September 2016.
  31. ↑ "2018 Andrei Sakharov Prize Recipient". American Physical Society. 2018. Archived from the original on 5 April 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
  32. ↑ "BBC 100 Women 2022: Who is on the list this year?" (in Turanci). 6 December 2022. Archived from the original on 7 December 2022. Retrieved 7 December 2022.
  33. ↑ "2023 – Marta Chumalo, Eren Keskin and Narges Mohammade | OLOF PALMES MINNESFOND". palmefonden.se (in Harshen Suwedan). Archived from the original on 6 October 2023. Retrieved 2023-10-06.
  34. ↑ Italie, Hillel (2023-05-15). "Imprisoned Iranian activist Narges Mohammadi to receive PEN America's Freedom to Write Award". AP News (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 2023-10-06.
  35. ↑ "۵ زن ایرانی در میان چهره‌های پیشنهاد شده برای دریافت جایزه صلح نوبل" [5 Iranian women among the figures proposed to receive the Nobel Peace Prize]. 8 October 2023. Archived from the original on 10 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  36. ↑ "حمایت از زنان ایران در ادامه واکنش‌های گسترده و جهانی به نوبل صلح نرگس محمدی" [Supporting the women of Iran in the continuation of the widespread and global reactions to Narges Mohammadi's Nobel Peace Prize]. 8 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
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