Nathaniel Honono
 Nathaniel Honono | |
|---|---|
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa |
Qumbu (en)  , 21 Oktoba 1908 |
| ƙasa | Afirka ta kudu |
| Mutuwa | 31 Disamba 1986 |
| Karatu | |
| Makaranta | Jami'ar Fort Hare |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
Malami da anti-apartheid activist (en) |
| Fafutuka |
Ƙungiyar da ba ta Turai ba Internal resistance to apartheid |
Nathaniel Impey Honono (21 Oktoba 1908 - 31 Disamba 1986), wanda kuma aka sani da Tshutsha, [1] ɗan gwagwarmayar Afirka ta Kudu ne. Ya kammala karatunsa na jami'ar Fort Hare kuma ya zama shugaban ƙungiyar malamai ta Cape African Teachers (CATA) a shekarar 1945, inda ya yi amfani da tasirinsa wajen adawa da manufofin ilimi na gwamnati. Honono ya kasance memba mai sadaukarwa na kungiyoyi daban-daban, ciki har da Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kan Turai (NEUM) da Babban Taron Afirka. Ya yi aiki kafaɗa da kafaɗa da ’yan uwansa masu fafutuka irinsu Isaac Bangani Tabata don ciyar da hakin al’ummomin da aka ware da kuma ƙalubalantar manufofin wariyar launin fata. Alkawarin Honono ya kai ga jurewa danniya, ɗauri ba tare da shari’a ba, da kuma kokarin neman amincewar ƙasashen duniya kan gwagwarmayar NEUM ta yaki da wariyar launin fata.
Tarihin Rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Nathaniel Impey Honono, wanda kuma aka sani da Tshutsha,an haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Oktoba 1908, a gundumar Qumbu na yankin Transkei, Eastern Cape.[1] Ya sami digiri na farko na Arts daga Jami'ar Fort Hare a shekarar 1937.
A cikin shekarar 1945, Honono ya zama shugaban ƙungiyar malamai ta Cape African Teachers (CATA) kuma yayi amfani da shahararsa wajen adawa da manufofin gwamnati na ilimi na Afirka. Ya kasance memba mai ƙwazo na ƙungiyoyi daban-daban, ciki har da ƙungiyoyin Transkei Organised Bodies, yana haɓaka haɗin kai a tsakanin tsarin siyasa da launin fata. Ya halarci taron farko na Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kan Turai a shekarar 1943, kuma yana cikin Yarjejeniyar Duka-Afrika, wanda ke adawa da kudurorin Hertzog da suka hana 'yan Afirka a lardin Cape. [2]
A cikin shekarun 1940 zuwa 1950, Honono ya yi aiki kafaɗa da kafaɗa da Isaac Bangani Tabata da sauran masu fafutuka a cikin Ƙungiyar Hadin kan Kasashen Turai (NEUM). Ya jajirce wajen ciyar da al'ummomin da ba na Turai ba da ake zalunta gaba da kuma ƙalubalantar manufofin gwamnatin wariyar launin fata. Ƙoƙarin Honono ya yi fice musamman wajen bayar da haƙƙin da kuma amincewa da ́yan gudun hijira waɗanda aka hana su magana a cikin jawaban siyasa na yau da kullum. [3]
A cikin shekarar 1950, Honono ya shiga ƙungiyar malamai ta Afirka ta Kudu (TLSA) kuma ya kasance memba mai ƙwazo na CATA.[3] Ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban CATA na shekaru da yawa. Shigarsa a cikin NEUM ya nuna himma ga gwagwarmayar yaƙi da wariyar launin fata, wanda ke da alaƙa da ba da shawarar motsin da zai kasance cikin 'yanci daga tasirin mulkin mallaka. Gudunmawar Honono ta haɗa da ɗanniya mai jurewa, kama gida, ɗaurin kurkuku ba tare da shari'a ba, da sauran nau'ikan tsanantawa. An rubuta waɗannan abubuwan a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙoƙarin NEUM na tabbatar da wanzuwarta da sadaukar da kai ga manufar yaƙi da wariyar launin fata.[3]
Shekaru 13, ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban makarantar sakandare ta Nqabara, makarantar mishan na Methodist a Willowvale. A shekarar 1951 da 1952, Archie Mafeje ya kammala karatunsa na Junior Certificate a makarantar sakandare ta Nqabara. [2] A can ne Honono ya gabatar da Mafeje da sauran almajirai a fagen siyasar NEUM.[4] An ɗauki makarantar a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun makarantun sakandare na baƙaƙen fata a Afirka ta Kudu; duk da haka, bin Dokar Ilimi na Bantu na shekarar 1953, gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ta karbi makarantar a shekarar 1956.[4][5] :27
Tare da Alie Fataar, ya shirya taron haɗin gwiwa na CATA da TLSA a cikin sh 1952 don ƙin yarda da ilimin ware da haɓaka haɗin kan malamai. A cikin shekarar 1955, an kore shi daga matsayinsa na koyarwa saboda adawa da tsarin karatun Bantu na ilimi. Daga baya ya kafa kamfanin inshora na kansa a Umtata.[4][5]
Matsayin Honono ya wuce ayyukan kungiya. Ya himmatu wajen koƙarin neman karramawar kasashen duniya kan gwagwarmayar NEUM ta yaki da wariyar launin fata. Tare da Tabata da Jane Gool, ya yi tattaki zuwa Dar-es-Salaam don kai ƙarar Kwamitin 'Yancin Afirka (ALC) na Kungiyar Haɗin Kan Afirka (OAU) don amincewa. Wannan amincewa yana da mahimmanci ga haƙƙin NEUM da kuma samun taimakon kayan aiki don shirye-shiryensu na siyasa da makami.[4]
Honono ya rasu a ranar 31 ga watan Disamba 1986.[3]
Duba kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Chris Hani - Mai juyin juya halin Afirka ta Kudu kuma mai fafutukar wariyar launin fata (1942-1993)
- Livingstone Mqotsi - Mai fafutukar adawa da wariyar launin fata na Afirka ta Kudu (1921-2009)
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 ROAPE (2019-11-26). "South Africa's Liberation Struggle Revisited - ROAPE" (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-08-30.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Nathaniel Impey Honono | South African History Online". www.sahistory.org.za. Retrieved 2023-06-05.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Rassool, Ciraj (November 2008). "Writing, authorship and I.B. Tabata's biography: from collective leadership to presidentialism". Kronos. 34: 181–214.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Bank, Andrew; Swana, Vuyiswa (2013), Bank, Andrew; Bank, Leslie J. (eds.), "'Speaking from Inside': Archie Mafeje, Monica Wilson and the Co-Production of Langa: A Study of Social Groups in an African Township", Inside African Anthropology: Monica Wilson and her Interpreters, The International African Library, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-1-139-33363-4, archived from the original on 2018-06-12, retrieved 2022-12-28
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Nyoka, Bongani (June 2017). Archie Mafeje: An Intellectual Biography (PhD thesis) (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2022-12-28. Retrieved 2022-12-28.
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- "200th, 201st Meetings of Special Committee on Apartheid". United Nations UN Audiovisual Library (in Turanci).