Nazarin 'Yar'uwa
 Nazarin 'Yar'uwa |
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Nazarin Sister wani yunkuri ne na kasa da kasa, wanda Cibiyar Nazarin Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa (NIEHS) ta gudanar, wani bangare ne na Cibiyoyin Kiwon Lafiyar Kasa na Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Ayyukan Dan Adam ta Amurka don koyon yadda muhalli da kwayoyin halitta zasu iya shafar damar samun ciwon nono. Fiye da shekaru 10, binciken ya bi 'yan'uwa mata 50,000 da ke fama da ciwon nono da fatan gano abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar. Ya zuwa 2024, binciken shine mafi girma kuma mafi tsawo na irin sa don bincika abubuwan haɗarin cutar kansar mama.[1]
Wadanda suka halarci Nazarin Sister sun kasance mata masu shekaru 35 zuwa 74. Mata sun cancanci shiga idan 'yar'uwarsu (mai rai ko ta mutu), da ke da alaƙa da su ta hanyar jini, suna da ciwon nono; ba su taɓa samun ciwon nono da kansu ba, kuma suna zaune a Amurka ko Puerto Rico. Nazarin Sister yana samuwa a Turanci da Mutanen Espanya. An fara daukar ma'aikata don binciken ne a shekara ta 2004 kuma an rufe shi a shekara ta 2009.
Manyan masu binciken binciken sune Dale Sandler da Clarice Weinberg kuma Marian Johnson-Thompson ne ke kula da binciken. Kungiyoyin da ke haɗin gwiwa tare da Nazarin 'Yar'uwa sun haɗa da American Cancer Society, Majalisar Ciwon daji ta Intercultural, Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya da Rashin Lafiya ta Ƙasa ta Cibiyoyin Lafiya na Ƙasa, Sisters Network Inc., Y-ME Ƙungiyar Ciwon Cutar Cutar Ciru, Susan G. Komen don Cure, da Cibiyar Ciwon Ciruwar Ciru.
Farkon da manufofi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tun lokacin da aka fara shi a shekara ta 2003, Nazarin Sister ya haɗa da mata sama da 55,000 waɗanda 'yan'uwa mata suka kamu da ciwon nono.[2] Mata na kowane bangare da kabilanci an haɗa su a cikin binciken don wakilci mafi girma na lafiyar mata.[1] Nazarin ya haɗa da 'yan'uwa mata saboda sau da yawa suna iya ci gaba da shiga saboda wani dangin ya fuskanci cutar. Amfani da 'yan'uwa mata a matsayin batutuwa kuma yana ba da damar da za a iya gano abubuwan da ke da haɗari saboda yanayin da suka raba, kwayoyin halitta, da abubuwan da suka faru.[3]
A cikin shekarun 1980 da 1990, kungiyoyin bayar da shawarwari sun fara nuna damuwa game da karuwar ciwon nono a Amurka.[2] A cikin 1990, kimanin mata 500,000 za su mutu a Amurka daga ciwon daji na mahaifa da na mama.[4] Yawancin kungiyoyin bayar da shawarwari sun yi kira ga ƙarin karatu game da ciwon nono don inganta lafiyar mata, yayin da binciken da ke akwai ya fi mayar da hankali kan hormones, salon rayuwa, da haifuwa. Dangane da waɗannan damuwa, masu binciken NIEHS sun ba da shawarar ra'ayin Nazarin Sister. Abubuwan da aka raba tsakanin 'yan'uwa mata, gami da kwayoyin halitta da yanayin rayuwa na farko, sun ba da fahimta game da yadda kwayoyin halitta le mahalli ke shafar haɗarin kamuwa da ciwon nono da ke da alaƙa da waɗannan abubuwan. An goyi bayan bayanan binciken cewa waɗannan fasalulluka suna sa matan da 'yan uwan su ke da ciwon nono sau biyu su kamu da cutar da kansu.[5] Binciken ya fara ne ta hanyar la'akari da bayyanar sinadarai masu tayar da hankali waɗanda ke da damuwa ga masu ba da shawara kan cutar kansar mama, amma masu bincike suna so su magance wasu abubuwan damuwa da ke faruwa a matakin al'umma, kamar gurɓataccen iska da abubuwan rayuwa.[6] Masu binciken sun kuma yi niyyar hada da damuwa game da lafiyar jama'a kamar damuwa ta hankali, tsarin bacci, abinci, da abubuwan zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da unguwa.[6] Bugu da ƙari, masu binciken sun yi niyyar magance gibin bincike game da tasirin fallasawa a farkon rayuwa - a cikin yanayin mahaifa ga ƙuruciya da ƙwarewar matasa - akan lafiyar mutum na dogon lokaci.[6]
Mai shiga na farko ya shiga shekaru 20 da suka gabata, a cikin fall of 2003, kuma a cikin bazara na 2009, binciken ya wuce burinsa na masu shiga 50,000 tare da ƙididdigar ƙarshe na mata 50,884. [2] Da farko an tsara binciken ne don samun bin shekaru 10, amma mahalarta sun ci gaba da jajircewarsu ga binciken ta hanyar samar da daidaitattun ƙimar amsawa, wanda ya yi wa masu bincike wahayi zuwa ga ci gaba da fadada ikon haɗawa da sabbin batutuwa masu ban sha'awa, gami da wasu cututtukan zuciya, sakamakon numfashi, da yanayin gynecological.[2]
Oktoba 2024 ya nuna bikin cika shekaru 20 na Nazarin Sister, yana mai da shi mafi girma kuma mafi tsawo a cikin binciken da ke gudana na mata da ke da tarihin iyali na ciwon nono. Duk da bincike na yanzu, ciwon nono ya kasance babban nau'in ciwon daji a cikin 2021.[5] A cikin 2024, ciwon nono ya kasance na biyu mafi yawan ciwon daji ga mata a Amurka, tare da kimanin 1 cikin 8 mata da aka gano a rayuwarsu.[7] Ta hanyar ci gaba da nazarin waɗannan 'yan'uwa mata, masu bincike suna fatan samun ƙarin ikon gano haɗarin cututtuka da ke da alaƙa da mahalli da kwayoyin halitta.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "50,000 Sisters Of Women With Breast Cancer Needed To Help Find Causes Of The Disease". ScienceDaily (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-10-09. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "Sister Study Turns 20". National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-10-09. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "The Sister Study: What is the Sister Study". sisterstudy.niehs.nih.gov. Retrieved 2024-10-09.
- ↑ "Update: National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program, 1992-1993". www.cdc.gov. Retrieved 2024-10-09.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Giaquinto, Angela N.; Sung, Hyuna; Miller, Kimberly D.; Kramer, Joan L.; Newman, Lisa A.; Minihan, Adair; Jemal, Ahmedin; Siegel, Rebecca L. (November 2022). "Breast Cancer Statistics, 2022". CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (in Turanci). 72 (6): 524–541. doi:10.3322/caac.21754. ISSN 0007-9235. PMID 36190501 Check
|pmid=value (help). Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name ":5" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named:4 - ↑ CDC (2024-09-16). "Breast Cancer Statistics". Breast Cancer (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-10-09.