Nazarin Yahudawa

 

Nazarin Yahudawa (Ibraniyawa), ko Yahudanci, horo ne na ilimi wanda ke da alaƙa da nazarin Yahudawa da Yahudanci. Nazarin Yahudawa yana da alaƙa da fannoni daban-daban kuma ya haɗu da fannoni na Tarihi (musamman Tarihin Yahudawa), Nazarin Gabas ta Tsakiya, Nazarin Asiya, nazarin Gabas, Nazarin addini, ilimin kimiyyar tarihi, ilimin zamantakewa, Harsuna (Harsunan Yahudawa), kimiyyar siyasa, Nazarin yanki, Nazarin mata, da Nazarin kabilanci. Nazarin Yahudawa a matsayin wani bangare na musamman yafi kasancewa a kwalejoji da jami'o'i a Arewacin Amurka.

Yankunan da suka danganci sun hada da Binciken Holocaust da nazarin Isra'ila, kuma a Isra'ila، Tunanin Yahudawa. Jami'ar Bar-Ilan tana da babbar makarantar nazarin Yahudawa a duniya, yayin da Jami'ar Harvard ita ce jami'ar Amurka ta farko, kuma watakila ta farko a duniya, don nada masanin cikakken lokaci na Judaica a cikin bangaren ta.[1]

Tarihi

A cikin karni na 18, yayin da sha'awar "masu ban sha'awa" na addinin Yahudawa suka tashi, wasu wadanda ba Yahudawa ba suna da samfuran majami'u da aka gina, an ba su cikakken jerin littattafan Yahudawa da abubuwa na bikin, kuma suna samuwa ga jama'a masu yawa, suna samar da "gidan kayan gargajiya na Yahudawa na farko a duniya. " Wannan taken shafi daga littafin Moritz Wilhelm Christiani ne, wanda ya bayyana irin wannan kwatankwacin, mallakar Georg Serpilius, Kirista Ibrananci.

Hadisin Yahudawa gabaɗaya yana ba da babban darajar koyo da karatu, musamman na matani na addini. Nazarin Attaura - nazarin Attaura, kuma mafi girma, duk Littafi Mai-Tsarki na Ibrananci da wallafe-wallafen Rabbinic, gami da Talmud da Midrash - ana ɗaukar su wajibi ne na addini. Tun lokacin Renaissance da ci gaban ilimi mafi girma, mutane da yawa, gami da wadanda ba na bangaskiyar Yahudawa ba, sun zaɓi nazarin Yahudawa da addinin Yahudanci don fahimtar addinin Yahudawa, al'adun, da tarihi.

Kalmar "Judentums" wato ('kimiyya ta Yahudanci') ta fara bayyana a tsakanin matasa masu ilimi na Yahudawa a Berlin a cikin shekarun 1810 da 1820. Ƙoƙarin farko da aka shirya don haɓaka da rarraba Wissenschaft des Judentums shine Verein für Kultur und Wissenschaft der Juden (Society for Jewish Culture and Science of the Jews), wanda Eduard Gans - ɗalibin Hegel) ya kafa a kusa da 1819 - da abokan aikinsa, daga cikinsu Leopold Zunz, Moses Moser [de] [de], kuma daga baya Heinrich Heine. Babban manufarta, kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin Zeitschrift für die Wissenschaft des Judentums (1822), shine nazarin addinin Yahudanci ta hanyar sanya shi ga zargi da hanyoyin bincike na zamani.[1] Tare da ci gaban "kimiyya ta Yahudanci" a cikin ƙarni na 19 da 20 da kuma tasirinsa a cikin fannoni da batutuwa da yawa (misali, sukar Littafi Mai-Tsarki, Talmud, wallafe-wallafen Yahudawa na kowane lokaci, tarihi da ilimin kimiyyar tarihi, da falsafar addini), "kimiyya na Yahudanci " ya zo ya nuna dukkan karatun game da mutanen Yahudawa da Yahudanci. A cikin ƙasashen da ke magana da Turanci, ana kiran waɗannan karatun da irin waɗannan kalmomi kamar Judaistica, Judaica, da Nazarin Yahudawa ko Nazarin Yahudanci.[1]