Nazarin namiji baƙar fata
 Nazarin namiji baƙar fata |
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Nazarin maza na baki (BMS), [1] wanda aka fi sani da nazarin maza na baki, Nazarin mazaunin baki, [2] Nazarin mazajen Afirka na Amurka, [3] da Nazarin mazaunan Afirka na Amurka, yanki ne na karatu a filin fannin karatun baki [4] [5] wanda ya fi mayar da hankali kan nazarin maza da yara maza. [5][6] Binciken da aka mayar da hankali ya haɗa da nazarin Black manhood da Black masculinity, kuma ya samo asali ne daga horo kamar Tarihi, falsafar, da zamantakewa.[6]
Bayani na gaba ɗaya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Nazarin namiji baƙar fata da farko yana mai da hankali kan nazarin maza da yara maza.[6] Binciken da aka mayar da hankali ya haɗa da nazarin Black manhood da Black masculinity, kuma ya samo asali ne daga horo kamar Tarihi, falsafar, da ilimin zamantakewa.[6] Nazarin namiji baƙar fata yana amfani da tsarin tsakiya na namiji baƙo wanda aka tsara don sukar wallafe-wallafen karatun jinsi na baya da na yanzu akan maza baƙar fata da kuma cibiyoyi da gwagwarmaya da matsalar anti-Black misandry ("ƙyamar maza da yara maza baƙar duhu"). [1]
Yawancin malaman BMS suna nuna wallafe-wallafen nazarin jinsi na baya da na yanzu tare da ɗaukar zato na baƙar fata maza da yara maza su zama masu laifi da masu kai farmaki ga Mata baƙar fata da fararen mata.[1] Sakamakon haka, ana da'awar wallafe-wallafen nazarin jinsi na baya da na yanzu sun ƙunshi ka'idoji, ra'ayoyi, da labarun da ke da tushe a cikin misandry na Black, tare da harshen da aka gina ta hanyar hypermasculinity, kuma ba su da isasshen kayan aiki don fahimtar mazajen Black a matsayin wadanda abin ya shafa.[1] Rashin lafiyar maza baƙar fata na baya da na yanzu, daga fyade, zuwa cin zarafin jima'i, zuwa mutuwa, wanda ake watsi da shi kuma ana rage shi ta hanyar maganganu game da yawan maza, yana jaddada bukatar haɓaka sabon harshe, labaru, da ka'idoji don fahimtar maza baƙar rawa.[1]
Binciken Amurka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Amurka ta kasance babban abin da aka mayar da hankali ga binciken binciken karatun Black male. Masana BMS sun yi iƙirarin cewa a Amurka, an cire mazajen baƙar fata, an lalata su, an ware su, kuma an nuna musu wariya bisa ga launin fata da jima'i. Masana BMS sun kafa wannan magani a cikin tarihin cututtukan cututtuka, caricatures na baƙar fata, kuma musamman, caricaturas da ra'ayoyin baƙar fata maza a matsayin barazana ga rinjaye na siyasa da zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da ikon fararen maza.[7]
A cikin karni na 19, ka'idojin heteropatriarchal na tsarin iyali da al'umma sun iyakance rinjaye na siyasa da zamantakewa da kuma iko ga yankunan fararen maza; caricature na Black maza a matsayin mummunan tashin hankali da dabba ya samo asali ne daga wannan yanayin karni na 19. [7] Curry ya yi jayayya cewa White suffragettes, kamar Susan B. Anthony da Elizabeth Cady Stanton, sun kasance masu tasiri a fadada ikon White supremacy ta hanyar ba da shawara ga kisan gilla na Black maza da kuma ta hanyar lalata Black maza don shafar haƙƙinsu na jefa kuri'a. Baya ga inganta hadin kan launin fata tsakanin fararen fata a tsakiyar karni na 19, Curry ya yi jayayya cewa fararen mata sun nemi karfafa tsarin rarrabewa da hana 'yancin baƙar fata a farkon rabin karni na 20.[8] An kafa wannan ta hanyoyi daban-daban, kamar kafa rassan Ku Klux Klan, shiga majalisun 'yan ƙasa, da kuma jagorantar kamfen na jama'a. Ta hanyar kokarin siyasa da na ilimi na 'yan mata masu fata a cikin shekarun 1970s, an nuna yakin basasa a matsayin haɗari ga mata na mata masu fata.[8] Duk da wannan tarihin da aka rubuta tsakanin maza baƙar fata da mata fararen fata, da kuma sukar hoton mata fararen da ya faru tun daga shekarun 1960, Curry ya yi iƙirarin cewa hoton mata fari ya kasance daya daga cikin kasancewa "mai sassaucin ra'ayi na siyasa, mai ci gaba da zamantakewa, da zaman lafiya".[8]
Dangantaka da mata da kuma rikice-rikice
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin shekarun 1960 da 1970, [9] fararen mata da ƙwararrun masu wariyar launin fata a cikin ilimin laifuka sun haɓaka ka'idodin jinsi waɗanda aka kafa a cikin gine-ginen wariyar launin fatar baƙar fata a matsayin kwaikwayon fararen maza; waɗannan ka'idojin suna ci gaba da amfani da su ta hanyar haɗuwa. Duk da shekarun da aka yi amfani da su, ba a samar da shaidu don tallafawa waɗannan ra'ayoyin ba, wanda, ta haka ne, ya nuna ra'ayoyyar da aka fi dogara da akidar da tunanin akidar.[10] Musamman, ra'ayoyin sun samo asali ne daga tunanin akidar, kamar su Black maza da ba su da cikakkun asali, wadanda ke da labaran akidar da ke haifar da caricatures na Black maza daga waɗannan sunayen da ba su cika ba.[10]
Nazarin namiji baƙar fata ya kafa anti-Black misandry kamar yadda aka tsarkake a cikin ilimi, musamman a cikin wallafe-wallafen ilimi da ka'idojin mata da intersectionality. An bayyana Anti-Black misandry a matsayin "ƙididdigar ƙarancin namiji na Black saboda kuskuren tunanin mutum na rashin, halaye na karkatarwa, ko halaye na mutum (misali, jima'i, namiji) wanda ke daidaita aikata laifuka, tsoro, da kuma ba da izini ga rayuwar namiji baƙar fata" [10] da kuma "ƙiyayya, tsoro, ƙin yarda da maza baƙar fata".[11]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Bryan, Nathaniel (January 30, 2020). "Remembering Tamir Rice and Other Black Boy Victims: Imagining Black PlayCrit Literacies Inside and Outside Urban Literacy Education". Urban Education. 56 (5): 12, 14–16, 20. doi:10.1177/0042085920902250. S2CID 213465389.
- ↑ Jackson, Ronald L. (July 1, 1997). "Black "Manhood" as Xenophobe: An Ontological Exploration of the Hegelian Dialectric". Journal of Black Studies. 27 (6): 746. doi:10.1177/002193479702700601. S2CID 140930432.
- ↑ Bush, Lawson V; Bush, Edward C. (2013). "God Bless the Child Who Got His Own: Toward a Comprehensive Theory for African-American Boys and Men". Western Journal of Black Studies. 37 (1): 1. S2CID 141395750.
- ↑ Yolande-Salome, Toumson (2018). "Reading of French-speaking Caribbean female cinema. Negro and Feminist Activism by Euzhan Palcy". Archipélies (6). doi:10.4000/12wfq. S2CID 192026609. Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2025-07-01.
- ↑ Yolande-Salomé, Toumson (2018). "Lecture du cinéma caribéen féminin francophone. L'activisme nègre et féministe de Euzhan Palcy". Archipélies. 6 (6): 30. doi:10.4000/12wfq. S2CID 192026609.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Wint, Keisha M.; Opara, Ijeoma; Gordon, Rahjaun; Brooms, Derrick R. (2021). "Countering Educational Disparities Among Black Boys and Black Adolescent Boys from Pre-K to High School: A Life Course-Intersectional Perspective". The Urban Review. 54 (2): 183–206. doi:10.1007/s11256-021-00616-z. PMC 8450170 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 34565917 Check|pmid=value (help). S2CID 237582266 Check|s2cid=value (help). - ↑ 7.0 7.1 Ogungbure, Adebayo (March 19, 2019). "The Political Economy of Niggerdom: W. E. B. Du Bois and Martin Luther King Jr. on the Racial and Economic Discrimination of Black Males in America". Journal of Black Studies. 50 (3): 275–278. doi:10.1177/0021934719834828. S2CID 150663694.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Curry, Tommy J (April 2021). "II—Must There Be an Empirical Basis for the Theorization of Racialized Subjects in Race-Gender Theory?". Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society. 121 (1): 21–44. doi:10.1093/arisoc/aoaa021. S2CID 235570075 Check
|s2cid=value (help). - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedCurry VI - ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedCurry - ↑ Curry, Tommy J.; Curry, Gwenetta D. (2018). "Taking It To The People: Translating Empirical Findings About Black Men And Black Families Through A Black Public Philosophy" (PDF). Dewey Studies. 2 (1): 58–59.