Neubauer v Germany
 Neubauer v Germany |
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Neubauer da Jamus (har ila yau shari'ar Klimaschutz) wani muhimmin shari'a ne na tsarin mulkin Jamus, game da aikin gwamnatin tarayyar Jamus na daukar mataki don hana lalacewar yanayi. A cikin wannan karar ta kotu, wacce aka yanke hukunci a ranar 24 ga Maris 2021,[1] gungun masu fafutuka sun kai kara kan rashin gaskiya da ke cikin Dokar Kare Yanayi ta 2019. Kotun tsarin mulkin Jamus ta ayyana Dokar Kare Yanayi ta Tarayya a matsayin wani ɓangare na rashin bin kundin tsarin mulki domin ba ta da cikakkiyar kariya ga matasa daga cin zarafi da tauye hakkinsu na yau da kullun saboda sauyin yanayi.[2]
Gaskiya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Masu fafutuka da Fridays For Future, Greenpeace, Friends of the Earth, da sauran kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ke goyan bayan sun kawo da'awar cewa rashin cikakken tsarin doka don rage hayakin carbon nan da 2030 ya keta haƙƙinsu na asali kamar yadda dokokin Jamus suka tanada.[3] Koken ya yi nuni da cewa, dole ne jihar ta kare hakkin rayuwa, yancin kai, haƙƙin mallaka, da mutuncin ɗan adam.
Luisa Neubauer da sauransu sun kawo ƙarar tsarin mulki a kan Dokar Canjin Yanayi ta Tarayya, cewa gwamnatin Jamus ba ta yin aiki da sauri don biyan haƙƙin tsarin mulki a cikin Grundgesetz 1949, gami da haƙƙin rayuwa da aikin kare muhalli.
Hukunci
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kotun tsarin mulki ta ayyana a cikin hukuncin da ta yanke a ranar 24 ga Maris 2021 wani bangare na Dokar Kare Yanayi ta Tarayya ya saba wa kundin tsarin mulki, saboda ba ta “kare mutane da yawa daga cin zarafi na gaba da iyakokin haƙƙin ƴancin hankali a sannu a hankali.”[4] Ta yi watsi da wasu ikirari nasu, tana mai cewa masu shigar da kara ba za su iya tabbatar da cewa gwamnati ta saba aikinta na tsarin mulki ba.
Ministan kudi ya mayar da martani ga hukuncin da cewa zai yi aiki tare da ma’aikatar muhalli domin gyara dokar. Ministar muhalli ta rubuta cewa za ta gabatar da sabbin shawarwarin yanayi a lokacin bazara.
Kotun tsarin mulki ta Jamus ta yi imanin cewa, gwamnati na da alhakin hanzarta matakan kiyaye yanayi, a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikinta na tsarin mulki na kare hakkin rayuwa da muhalli a karkashin, bi da bi, labarin 2 da kuma labarin 20a na Grundgesetz 1949. Ta gudanar da cewa, hanyar haɗi tsakanin hayaki da mutum da sauyin yanayi, cewa duk sakin CO2 ya haifar da ƙarin dumamar yanayi, kuma hakan yana da iyaka. Ta yi watsi da cewa saboda Jamus ba za ta iya dakatar da dumamar yanayi ita kadai ba, ba ta da wani alhaki: akasin haka ya zama dole Jamus ta dauki matakin karfafa wasu don yin hakan da hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa.
Kotun tsarin mulki ta Jamus ta ce jihar ba za ta iya jinkirta daukar matakin da ya dace ba idan har hakan zai iya haifar da illar da za a iya haifar da tada hankali ga al'ummomi masu zuwa. Kotun ta kuma bayyana cewa akwai wajibi a kan jihar ta sake duba illolin rarraba tsakanin lokaci da dokokinta na yanayi da kuma raba daidai gwargwado a cikin lokaci da tsararraki. Wannan ya bukaci majalisa ta canza dokokin yanayi da ake da su ta hanyar fitar da takamaiman tanadi don rage hayaki mai gurbata yanayi daga 2031 zuwa gaba zuwa karshen 2022.
Kotun ta ce kamar haka.
119. Akwai hanyar haɗin kai tsaye tsakanin sauye-sauyen yanayi na anthropogenic da kuma yawan iskar gas da mutum ya haifar a cikin yanayin duniya (...). Abubuwan da ake fitarwa na CO2 suna da mahimmanci musamman a wannan batun. Da zarar sun shiga cikin yanayin duniya, ba za su iya yiwuwa a cire su kamar yadda abubuwa suke a halin yanzu ba. Wannan yana nufin cewa dumamar yanayi da canjin yanayi da ke faruwa a zamanin da ba za a iya jujjuya su ba nan gaba. A lokaci guda kuma, tare da kowane adadin CO2 da ke fitowa sama da ƙananan ƙarancin yanayi, yanayin zafi na duniya yana ƙaruwa tare da yanayin da ba za a iya jurewa ba kuma sauyin yanayi kuma yana samun ci gaba maras canzawa. Idan za a dakatar da dumamar yanayi a ƙayyadaddun yanayin zafi, babu wani abu da ya wuce adadin CO2 da ke daidai da wannan iyaka. Duniya tana da abin da ake kira sauran kasafin CO2. Idan hayaki ya wuce wannan ragowar kasafin kuɗi, za a wuce iyakar zafin jiki.
...
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]202. Ko ta yaya, wajibcin daukar matakin sauyin yanayi na kasa ba zai iya rushewa ba ta hanyar jayayya cewa irin wannan matakin ba zai iya hana sauyin yanayi ba. Gaskiya ne cewa Jamus ba za ta iya hana sauyin yanayi da kanta ba. Ayyukan da ya keɓanta a fili ba shine kawai dalilin da ke ƙayyade ci gaban sauyin yanayi da tasirin ayyukan yanayi ba. Ba za a iya dakatar da sauyin yanayi ba idan aka sami tsaka-tsakin yanayi a duniya. Bisa la'akari da buƙatun raguwa na duniya, kashi 2% na Jamus na 2% na iskar CO2 a duniya (...) ƙananan abubuwa ne kawai, amma idan matakan aikin yanayi na Jamus sun kasance a cikin kokarin duniya, suna iya taka rawa a cikin gaba ɗaya yunkurin kawo sauyin yanayi a dakatar ....
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1 BvR 2656/18, 24 March 2021, §§119, 202-3
- ↑ Kotzé, Louis J.; Mayer, Benoit; van Asselt, Harro; Setzer, Joana; Biermann, Frank; Celis, Nicolas; Adelman, Sam; Lewis, Bridget; Kennedy, Amanda; Arling, Helen; Peters, Birgit (2024). "Courts, climate litigation and the evolution of earth system law". Global Policy. 15 (1): 5–22. doi:10.1111/1758-5899.13291. ISSN 1758-5880. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
- ↑ Treisman, Rachel (April 29, 2021). "German Court Orders Revisions To Climate Law, Citing 'Major Burdens' On Youth". NPR.
- ↑ Kotzé, Louis J. (December 2021). "Neubauer et al. versus Germany: Planetary Climate Litigation for the Anthropocene?". German Law Journal. 22 (8): 1423–1444. doi:10.1017/glj.2021.87. ISSN 2071-8322.