Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I

Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I
Nizam of Hyderabad (en)
Vizier
Rayuwa
Haihuwa	Agra, 20 ga Augusta, 1671
ƙasa	Hyderabad State (en)
Mutuwa	Burhanpur (en) , 1 ga Yuni, 1748
Makwanci	Khuldabad (en)
Ƴan uwa
Yara	view Salabat Jung (en) ; Asaf Jah II of Hyderabad (en) ; Basalat Jung (en) ; Ghazi ud-Din Khan Feroze Jung II (en) ;
Yare	Asaf Jahi Dynasty (en)
Sana'a
Sana'a	ɗan siyasa
Aikin soja
Ya faɗaci	Deccan wars (en)
Imani
Addini	Musulunci

Mir Qamar-ud-din Khan Siddiqi (11 ga Agusta 1671 - 1 ga Yuni 1748) wanda aka fi sani da Chin Qilich Qamaruddin Khan, Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah da Nizam I, shine Nizam na farko na Hyderabad . –

Ya fara aikinsa a lokacin mulkin Mughal sarkin Aurangzeb, wanda ya sanya shi janar. Bayan mutuwar Aurangzeb a shekara ta 1707, Asaf Jah ya fi son kasancewa tsaka-tsaki, yana ƙin yarda da kowane ɗayan 'ya'yan Aurangzep masu yaƙi. Lokacin da ɗan Aurangzeb na uku Bahadur Shah ya yi nasara, Asaf Jah ya zama gwamnan larduna da yawa na Mughal har zuwa 1714, lokacin da aka nada shi a matsayin Mataimakin Sarkin Deccan tare da iko a kan larduna shida na Mughal a kudancin Indiya daga 1714 zuwa 1719. Daga 1719 zuwa gaba, ya shiga cikin yaki da makircin 'Yan uwan Sayyid. Daga 1720 zuwa 1722, ya taimaka wa sabon sarki Mughal Muhammad Shah wajen kawar da 'yan uwan Sayyid kuma an ɗaukaka shi, a matsayin lada, zuwa Babban Viziership daga 1722 zuwa 1724.

Rikicin siyasa ya tilasta Asaf Jah ya yi tawaye da sarki kuma a cikin 1724 an tilasta Muhammad Shah ya amince da Asaf Jah a matsayin Mataimakin Sarkin Deccan na dindindin. Daga baya a wannan shekarar Asaf Jah ya ayyana kansa Nizam kuma ya fara Daular Asaf Jahi, tare da kansa a matsayin mai mulkin farko. ^[1] ^[2]^[3] Nizam ya zama mai ba da gudummawa ga Marathas bayan da aka ci shi a hannun Peshwa Bajirao I a cikin 1728. ^[4]

Tarihi

Mir Qamar-ud-din Khan ɗan Ghazi ud-Din Khan ne da Safiya Khanum, 'yar Sa'adullah Khan. Sa'adullah Khan fitaccen Musulmi ne ɗan Punjabi wanda shi ne Babban Vizier (1645–1656) na Sarkin Mughal Shah Jahan; a lokacin mulkinsa an kammala gina Taj Mahal.[1][2][3] Kakansa na uba Kilich Khan ya fito daga Samarkand a Uzbekistan ta yanzu.[1] A shekara ta 1654, Kilich Khan ya zo Indiya a karon farko yayin da yake kan hanyarsa ta zuwa Hajji (hajjin Musulunci) a lokacin mulkin sarkin Mughal Shah Jahan. Bayan kammala aikin hajji, ya yi ƙaura zuwa Indiya kuma ya shiga rundunar tsohon yariman Mughal Aurangzeb a Deccan a shekara ta 1657.[1] Khan ya yi yaƙi a Yaƙin Samugarh wanda ya ƙare da shan kaye daga ɗan'uwan Aurangzeb Dara Shikoh.[1] Baya ga kasancewarsa kwamanda a rundunar Aurangzeb, ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin gwamnan Zafarabad (Bidar na yanzu).[1] Babban ɗan Khan kuma mahaifin Nizam-ul-Mulk, Ghazi ud-Din Khan ya yi ƙaura zuwa Indiya a shekara ta 1669, kuma ya sami aiki a rundunar Aurangzeb, ya ɗaga Janar sannan daga baya ya zama gwamnan Gujarat.[1][1][4]

Rayuwa ta farko

An haife shi a ranar 11 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1671 a matsayin Mir Qamaruddin Khan ga Ghazi ud-Din Khan da matarsa ta farko Safia Khanum (Wazir-un-Nisa Begum) a Agra, Sarkin Mughal Aurangazeb ne ya ba shi sunan.^[5]^[5]

Mir Qamaruddin ta sami ilimi a asirce. Saboda doguwar zama a cikin Deccan, ya ɗauki riguna masu gudana na Marathas, a cikin kugu, kuma ya yi biyayya a cikin salon Deccan.[1] Ya rubuta waka a cikin Urdu a cikin salon Deccani na zamani.[2] A shekara ta 1677 yana da shekaru shida, Mir Qamaruddin ya bi mahaifinsa zuwa kotun Mughal. Aurangzeb ya ba shi lambar yabo ta Mansab . Mir Qamaruddin ya nuna ƙwarewa sosai a matsayin jarumi kuma a lokacin da yake matashi ya fara bin mahaifinsa zuwa yaƙe-yaƙe, wanda Mir Qamarutdin Khan ya sami matsayi na 400 Zaat da 100 sowar a cikin shekara ta 1684.[1] A shekara ta 1688 yana da shekaru 17 ya haɗu da mahaifinsa a cikin nasarar da aka samu a kan sansanin Adoni kuma an inganta shi zuwa matsayi na 2000 Zaat da 500 sowar kuma an gabatar da shi tare da mafi kyawun Doki na Larabawa tare da tarko zinariya da pastille da aka yi da ambergris daga kotun Mughal. A shekara ta 1690 yana da shekaru 19 an ba shi taken Chin Qilich Khan (yaro mai takobi) kuma Aurangazeb ya ba shi kyauta tare da giwa. A cikin shekara ta 1693, Marathas sun kewaye sansanin Panhala. A mayar da martani, Mir Qamaruddin ya yi yaƙi kuma ya ci Marathas a Karad. An kama Marathas 30.[1] A cikin shekara ta 1698, Aurangzeb ya aika da Mir Qamaruddin don kawo karshen tawaye a Nagori, kusa da Bijapur . Sarkin sarakuna ya gamsu da tafiyarsa kuma daga baya ya tura shi zuwa Kotha don maido da tsari. Bayan nasararsa, an ɗaga shi zuwa matsayi na 3,000 Zaat da 500 Sowar . A shekara ta 1699 Aurangzeb ya inganta shi zuwa zaat 3,500 da Sowar 3,000 . Mir Qamaruddin ya samu nasarar kewaye sansanin Panhala wanda Marathas suka mamaye. Ya rufe dukkan hanyoyi saboda haka babu wani wadata da zai iya kaiwa ga mazauna.[1] Ginin ya fadi ga sojojinsa a ranar 9 ga Yuni 1700. Da yake gamsu da ayyukansa, Aurangzeb ya sanya shi faujdar (kwamanda na garuruwa) na Bijapur kuma ya kara matsayinsa da 400 "Sowar".[1]

Ayyuka

Rayuwa Bayan Aurangzeb

Rushewar daular Mughal wanda Aurangzeb ya kafa sosai, ya fara ne bayan mutuwar Aurangzep a cikin 1707. 'Yan uwan Sayyid (Sayyid Hussain Ali Khan da Sayyid Hassan Ali Khan Barha) sun zama masu tasiri sosai a Kotun Mughal bayan mutuwar Aurangzeb kuma sun zama Masu yin sarki a lokacin rikici bayan mutuwar sarki Aurangzep a cikin 1707. Sun haifar da rikici a kotun Mughal ta hanyar kawar da kuma nada sabon sarki daya bayan daya. Lokacin da Bahadur Shah I (1707-1712) ya mutu, an kashe magajinsa Jahandar Shah (1712-1713) kuma dan uwansa Farrukhsiyar (1713-1719) ya zama sarki tare da goyon bayan 'yan uwan Sayyid, Farrukhsiyan daga baya ya makantar da shi, ya sauka kuma ya kashe shi kuma dan uwan sa na farko Rafi ud-Darajat (Fabrairu-Yuni 1719) ya kasance Sarkin sarakuna kuma daga cutar huhu, lokacin da babban ɗan'uwansa Rafi ud Shah Shah Shah Shah ya mutu a shekaru 17194

Manazarta

↑ Empty citation (help)
↑ Faruqui, Munis D. (2009). "At Empire's End: The Nizam, Hyderabad and Eighteenth-Century India". Modern Asian Studies. Cambridge University Press. 43: 5–6. doi:10.1017/S0026749X07003290. JSTOR 20488070. S2CID 146592706.
↑ Mehta 2005.
↑ Faruqui, Munis D. (2009). "At Empire's End: The Nizam, Hyderabad and Eighteenth-Century India". Modern Asian Studies (in Turanci). Cambridge University Press. 43 (1): 21–22. The struggle between Shahu and the Nizam (who was supported by Sambhaji) lasted three years. By 1728, however, Shahu was victorious. Seeing the writing on the wall, the Nizam agreed to recognize Shahu as Shivaji’s sole successor; support for Sambhaji was dropped. The Nizam also agreed to all of Shahu’s taxation demands except one: the creation of a Maratha-operated bureaucracy to collect the tributary taxes.
1 2 Khan 1936.

[WilliamIrvine_1922-1] Empty citation (help)

[Faruqui-2] Faruqui, Munis D. (2009). "At Empire's End: The Nizam, Hyderabad and Eighteenth-Century India". Modern Asian Studies. Cambridge University Press. 43: 5–6. doi:10.1017/S0026749X07003290. JSTOR 20488070. S2CID 146592706.

[FOOTNOTEMehta2005-3] Mehta 2005.

[4] Faruqui, Munis D. (2009). "At Empire's End: The Nizam, Hyderabad and Eighteenth-Century India". Modern Asian Studies (in Turanci). Cambridge University Press. 43 (1): 21–22. The struggle between Shahu and the Nizam (who was supported by Sambhaji) lasted three years. By 1728, however, Shahu was victorious. Seeing the writing on the wall, the Nizam agreed to recognize Shahu as Shivaji’s sole successor; support for Sambhaji was dropped. The Nizam also agreed to all of Shahu’s taxation demands except one: the creation of a Maratha-operated bureaucracy to collect the tributary taxes.

[FOOTNOTEKhan1936-5] 1 2 Khan 1936.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]