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Noma mai daurewa

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Noma mai daurewa
farming system (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na sustainable development (en) Fassara, noma da Korayen gine-gine
Bangare na sustainability (en) Fassara da Tsarin abinci mai ɗorewa

Noma mai ɗorewa shine noma ta hanyoyi masu ɗorewa don biyan bukatun al'umma na abinci da masaku a halin yanzu, ba tare da lahani ga al'ummomin yanzu ko masu zuwa don biyan bukatunsu ba[1]. Yana iya dogara ne akan fahimtar ayyukan muhalli. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don haɓaka dorewar noma. Lokacin haɓaka aikin noma a cikin tsarin abinci mai ɗorewa, yana da mahimmanci don haɓaka hanyoyin kasuwanci masu sassauƙa da ayyukan noma.[2]

Noma yana da babban sawun muhalli, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haifar da sauyin yanayi (tsarin abinci yana da alhakin kashi ɗaya bisa uku na iskar iskar gas na anthropogenic), [3] [4] ƙarancin ruwa, gurɓataccen ruwa, lalata ƙasa, sare gandun daji da sauran matakai; [5] yana haifar da sauye-sauyen muhalli a lokaci guda kuma waɗannan canje-canjen suna tasiri.[6] Noma mai ɗorewa ya ƙunshi hanyoyin da suka dace na noma waɗanda ke ba da damar noman amfanin gona ko dabbobi ba tare da lalata tsarin ɗan adam ko na halitta ba. Ya ƙunshi hana illa ga ƙasa, ruwa, rayayyun halittu, da kewaye ko albarkatun ƙasa, da kuma waɗanda ke aiki ko zaune a gona ko a makwabta. Abubuwan aikin noma mai ɗorewa na iya haɗawa da permaculture, aikin gonaki, noma gauraye, noman noma da yawa, da jujjuya amfanin gona.[7] Tattalin arzikin ƙasa, wanda ya haɗu da aikin noma na al'ada tare da yawan amfanin ƙasa da kuma kare muhalli daga juyawa zuwa gonaki, ana iya ɗaukarsa a matsayin nau'in noma mai dorewa.[8]

Haɓaka tsarin abinci mai ɗorewa yana ba da gudummawa ga dorewar yawan ɗan adam. Misali, daya daga cikin mafi kyawun hanyoyin dakile sauyin yanayi ita ce samar da tsarin abinci mai dorewa bisa aikin noma mai dorewa. Noma mai ɗorewa yana ba da mafita mai yuwuwa don ba da damar tsarin aikin gona don ciyar da yawan jama'a a cikin canjin yanayin muhalli.[6] Bayan ayyukan noma masu ɗorewa, sauye-sauyen abinci zuwa abinci mai ɗorewa hanya ce ta haɗa kai don rage tasirin muhalli sosai.[9][10][11][12] Ma'auni masu ɗorewa da yawa da tsarin takaddun shaida sun wanzu, gami da takaddun shaida na kwayoyin halitta, Rainforest Alliance, Kasuwancin Gaskiya, UTZ Certified, GlobalGAP, Abokin Tsuntsaye, da Code na gama gari don Community Coffee (4C).[13]

Ma,ana

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Kalmar "mai dorewa" mai dorewa a cikin 1977 da USDA ta haɗa da tsarin kayan shuka da kuma ayyukan samar da dabbobi suna da takamaiman aikace-aikacen da za su yi, a kan dogon lokaci: [14]

gamsar da abinci da na fiber

Inganta ingancin muhalli da kuma tushe na ƙasa wanda tattalin arzikin aikin gona ya dogara

Sanya ingantaccen amfani da albarkatun da ba a iya amfani da albarkatu da albarkatun gona da haɗin kai da haɗin kai ba, inda ya dace, nazarin halittu masu dacewa,

ci gaba da tattalin arziƙin tattalin arziki

haɓaka ingancin rayuwa ga manoma da al'umma gaba ɗaya.

Duk da haka ra'ayin samun dangantakar dake dorewa da ƙasa ta mamaye ƙasar ta asali don ƙarni kafin a haɗa kalmar a cikin Lexicon. [15]

Manufa

Yarjejeniyar gama gari ita ce hanyar dorewa ita ce hanya mafi kyau don ciyar da yawan jama'a girma. Domin samun nasarar ciyar da yawan duniyar, ayyukan noma ne suyi la'akari da farashi mai zuwa - zuwa duka muhalli da al'ummomin da suke da [16]Hadarin ba zai iya samar da isasshen albarkatu ga kowa ya haifar da karɓar fasaha a cikin filin dorewa don ƙara yawan amfanin gona ba. Mafi kyawun sakamako sakamakon wannan ci gaba shine ikon ciyar da yawan jama'a na girma a duk duniya. Shahararren Shahararren harkar noma yana da alaƙa da tsoratarwar mai ɗorewa wanda ke ɗaukar ƙarfin da ke ɗauke da ƙarfin (ko iyakokin abinci), dangane da abinci ya kai ko ya wuce wucewa. [17]

Mahimman ka'idodi

Akwai ka'idodi da yawa masu alaƙa da alaƙa da dorewa a cikin harkar noma: [18]

Haɗin abubuwan halittar halitta da muhalli kamar hawan keke, da kuma gyara ƙasa, da gyaran nitrogen a cikin aikin gona da ayyukan samarwa.

Ta amfani da raguwar yawan abubuwan da ba a sabunta ba kuma ba a iya sabuntawa ba, musamman masu cutarwa cikin muhalli.

Yin amfani da ƙwarewar manoma zuwa duka ayyukan da ke aiki da ƙasa da kuma inganta dogaro da manoma.

Warware matsalolin aikin gona da na halitta ta hanyar hadin gwiwa da kuma hadin gwiwar mutane da ƙwarewa daban-daban. Matsalolin da aka yiwa sun haɗa da Gudanar da kwaro da ban ruwa.

Yana "laci dogon lokaci har da gajeriyar tattalin arziƙi saboda dorewa ana nuna shi a madawwamiyar har abada, wannan shine, yanayin noma wanda aka tsara don inganta farfadowa". [19]Yana daidaita buƙatar haɗin kuɗi don bukatun manoma suna bin abincin rayuwarsu. [20]

An dauke shi da ilimin halittar sulhu, ba da cigaban halittu a cikin shimfidar ƙasa. [21]

Sau da yawa, aiwatar da ayyuka masu aminci a cikin aikin gona ya zo ta hanyar tallafin fasaha da fasaha mai gamsarwa.

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ "What is sustainable agriculture | Agricultural Sustainability Institute". asi.ucdavis.edu. 11 December 2018. Retrieved 2019-01-20.
  2. ↑ "Introduction to Sustainable Agriculture". Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs. 2016. Retrieved 10 October 2019
  3. ↑ "FAO – News Article: Food systems account for more than one third of global greenhouse gas emissions". www.fao.org. Archived from the original on 30 September 2023. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
  4. ↑ Crippa, M.; Solazzo, E.; Guizzardi, D.; Monforti-Ferrario, F.; Tubiello, F. N.; Leip, A. (March 2021). "Food systems are responsible for a third of global anthropogenic GHG emissions". Nature Food. 2 (3): 198–209. doi:10.1038/s43016-021-00225-9. ISSN 2662-1355. PMID 37117443.
  5. ↑ Brown, L. R. (2012). World on the Edge. Earth Policy Institute. Norton. ISBN 978-1-136-54075-2.[page needed]
  6. ↑ Rockström, Johan; Williams, John; Daily, Gretchen; Noble, Andrew; Matthews, Nathanial; Gordon, Line; Wetterstrand, Hanna; DeClerck, Fabrice; Shah, Mihir (2016-05-13). "Sustainable intensification of agriculture for human prosperity and global sustainability". Ambio. 46 (1): 4–17. doi:10.1007/s13280-016-0793-6. PMC 5226894. PMID 27405653.
  7. ↑ Falk, Ben (2013). The Resilient Farm and Homestead: An Innovative Permaculture and Whole Systems Design Approach. Chelsea Green. pp. 61–78. ISBN 978-1-60358-444-9.
  8. ↑ Green, Rhys E.; Cornell, Stephen J.; Scharlemann, Jörn P. W.; Balmford, Andrew (2005-01-28). "Farming and the Fate of Wild Nature". Science. 307 (5709): 550–555. Bibcode:2005Sci...307..550G. doi:10.1126/science.1106049. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 15618485.
  9. ↑ "Shifting to Sustainable Diets". United Nations. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
  10. ↑ Rose, Donald; Heller, Martin C.; Roberto, Christina A. (1 January 2019). "Position of the Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior: The Importance of Including Environmental Sustainability in Dietary Guidance". Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior. 51 (1): 3–15.e1. doi:10.1016/j.jneb.2018.07.006. ISSN 1499-4046. PMC 6326035. PMID 30635107
  11. ↑ Meybeck, Alexandre; Gitz, Vincent (February 2017). "Sustainable diets within sustainable food systems". Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 76 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1017/S0029665116000653. ISSN 0029-6651. PMID 28195528. S2CID 12459197
  12. ↑ Sun, Zhongxiao; Scherer, Laura; Tukker, Arnold; Spawn-Lee, Seth A.; Bruckner, Martin; Gibbs, Holly K.; Behrens, Paul (January 2022). "Dietary change in high-income nations alone can lead to substantial double climate dividend". Nature Food. 3 (1): 29–37. doi:10.1038/s43016-021-00431-5. ISSN 2662-1355. PMID 37118487. S2CID 245867412.
  13. ↑ "Sustainable agriculture for a better world"
  14. ↑ "National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977" (PDF). US Department of Agriculture. 13 November 2002. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  15. ↑ Pilgeram, Ryanne (February 2013). "The Political and Economic Consequences of Defining Sustainable Agriculture in the US". Sociology Compass. 7 (2): 123–134. doi:10.1111/soc4.12015. ISSN 1751-9020.
  16. ↑ Ehrlich, Paul R.; Ehrlich, Anne H.; Daily, Gretchen C. (1993). "Food Security, Population and Environment". Population and Development Review. 19 (1): 1–32. doi:10.2307/2938383. JSTOR 2938383
  17. ↑ Singh, R., Upadhyay, S., Srivastava, P., Raghubanshi, A. S., & Singh, P. (2017). Human Overpopulation and Food Security: Challenges for the Agriculture Sustainability.
  18. ↑ Pretty, Jules N. (March 2008). "Agricultural sustainability: concepts, principles and evidence". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences. 363 (1491): 447–465. doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2163. ISSN 0962-8436. PMC 2610163. PMID 17652074.
  19. ↑ Stenholm, Charles; Waggoner, Daniel (February 1990). "Low-input, sustainable agriculture: Myth or method?". Journal of Soil and Water Conservation. 45 (1): 14. doi:10.1080/00224561.1990.12456418. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
  20. ↑ Tomich, Tom (2016). Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program (PDF). Davis, California: University of California. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-03-09. Retrieved 2019-10-26.
  21. ↑ Chrispeels, M. J.; Sadava, D. E. (1994). "Farming Systems: Development, Productivity, and Sustainability". Plants, Genes, and Agriculture. Jones and Bartlett. pp. 25–57. ISBN 978-0867208719.
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