Norma Kitson
 Norma Kitson | |
|---|---|
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | 18 ga Augusta, 1933 |
| ƙasa | Afirka ta kudu |
| Mutuwa | 12 ga Yuni, 2002 |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
anti-apartheid activist (en)  |
Norma Cranko Kitson (18 Agusta 1933 - 12 Yuni 2002) 'yar gwagwarmayar siyasa ce ta Afirka ta Kudu. Ta shiga yaki da nuna wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu.[1]
Rayuwar farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Norma Belle Cranko a Berea, Durban, a cikin dangin Yahudawa masu arziki.[2] Mahaifinta masanin kimiyya ne; mahaifiyarta Millie Stiller Cranko ta kasance 'yar gudun hijira daga Poland.[3] Ɗan wasan Ballet John Cranko ɗan uwanta ne.[4]
Aiki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tana da shekaru 14, ta tafi aiki a matsayin sakatariya. Ta shiga jam'iyyar gurguzu ta Afirka ta Kudu a shekarun 1950 kuma ta zama mawallafiya mai bugawa don wannan dalili. Bayan da aka ɗaure mijinta a shekara ta 1964, ta bar Afirka ta Kudu tare da 'ya'yanta suka zauna a Landan.[5]
A cikin shekarar 1973, Kitson ya kafa "Red Lion Setters," ƙungiyar tsarawa da ke aiki daga Gray's Inn Road. An kafa shi bayan an kori Kitson saboda yunkurin yin aiki a aikin da ya gabata, Red Lion Setters sun yi aiki kuma sun ba da gudummawa ga kungiyoyi daban-daban na gurguzu da mata kuma sun ci gaba da aiki har zuwa ƙarshen shekarun 1980, suna amfani da nau'ikan don ba da gudummawa sosai ga ƙungiyar adawa da nuna wariyar launin fata. A shekara ta 1982, Red Lion Setters sun jagoranci nasarar kamfen don 'yantar da ɗan Kitsons daga tsare a Afirka ta Kudu.[6]
An same ta sau da yawa tana nuna rashin amincewa da wariyar launin fata a dandalin Trafalgar, a gaban gidan Afirka ta Kudu,[7] a matsayin wani ɓangare na Ƙungiyar Anti-Apartheid ta Birnin London, wacce ta kafa.[4]
Bayan kawo ƙarshen mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata, Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta amince da Kitsons a matsayin waɗanda suka yi gwagwarmaya. Ita ce sakatariyar Marubuta Mata ta Zimbabwe a ƙarshen rayuwarta, kuma ta rubuta littafin rubutu mai ƙirƙira a lokacin.[8]
Rayuwa ta sirri
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Norma Cranko ta auri tsohon sojan yakin duniya na biyu, injiniyan injiniya Dave Kitson. Suna da 'ya'ya biyu, Stephen da Andla; sun rabu yayin da Dave ke zaman gidan yari mai tsawo. Ta sake yin aure a shekarar 1973, ga mawaƙin mawaƙa Sidney Cherfas, kuma ta sake sake aure; sannan ta sake auren mijinta na farko bayan 'yancinsa a shekarar 1984.[9] A cikin shekarar 1986, ta buga tarihin rayuwa, Inda Sixpence ke Rayuwa.[10]
Ta koma Harare, Zimbabwe, bayan shekarar 1994. Norma Kitson ta mutu daga ciwon huhu a shekarar 2002, tana da shekaru 68.[4]
A cikin shekarar 2011 Jamhuriyar Saliyo ta karrama ta ta hanyar buga tambarin da aka yi mata a cikin jerin shirye-shiryensu na Legendary Heroes of Africa.[11]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Norma Kitson - Obituaries". The Independent. Archived from the original on August 6, 2011. Retrieved 4 January 2011.
- ↑ John D. Battersby, "A Hunger for Justice" New York Times (22 November 1987).
- ↑ "Norma Kitson" South African History Online (2011).
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Denis Herbstein, "Norma Kitson" The Guardian (12 July 2002).
- ↑ Adam Yamey, Exodus to Africa (Lulu.com 2015): 235. ISBN 9781326302429
- ↑ Lupton, Ellen; Kafei, Farah; Tobias, Jennifer; Halstead, Josh A.; Sales, Kaleena; Xia, Leslie; Vergara, Valentina (2021). Extra bold: a feminist inclusive anti-racist non-binary field guide for graphic designers. Hudson, New York: Princeton Architectural Press. ISBN 978-1-61689-918-9.
- ↑ Padraig O'Malley, interview with Paul Trewhela (13 June 2004), Nelson Mandela Centre of Memory.
- ↑ Richard Cumyn, "An Interview with Norma Kitson" Archived 2017-05-10 at the Wayback Machine, Blue Moon Review (1997).
- ↑ Denis Herbstein, "David Kitson Obituary" The Guardian (17 January 2011).
- ↑ Norma Kitson, Where Sixpence Lives (Random House UK, 1986). ISBN 9780701207724
- ↑ "12 Jews Honored on African Stamps as Apartheid Fighters", Jerusalem Post (3 January 2011).