Nxuba

Nxuba
Wuri
32°09′54″S 25°37′03″E
Ƴantacciyar ƙasa	Afirka ta kudu
Province of South Africa (en)	Eastern Cape (en)
District municipality (en)	Gundumar Chris Hani
Local municipality of South Africa (en)	Inxuba Yethemba Local Municipality (en)
Babban birnin	Inxuba Yethemba Local Municipality (en)
Labarin ƙasa
Altitude (en)	896 m
Sun raba iyaka da	Middelburg (en)
Bayanan tarihi
Ƙirƙira	1816
Bayanan Tuntuɓa
Lambar aika saƙo	5880 da 5880
Tsarin lamba ta kiran tarho	048

Nxuba, wanda aka fi sani da Cradock, wani gari ne a lardin Eastern Cape na Afirka ta Kudu, a cikin kwarin Babban Kogin Kifi, kilomita 250 (160 ta hanyar hanyar arewacin Gqeberha . Garin shine wurin zama na Inxuba Yethemba Local Municipality a cikin Gundumar Chris Hani ta Gabashin Cape .

An samo sunan garin ne bayan John Cradock, gwamnan Cape Colony a farkon karni na 19 kuma kwamandan sojojin.

Shekaru dubban masu farauta da masu tarawa na San sune mazaunan mutane kawai na kudancin Afirka. Kimanin shekaru 2000 KZ, Khoikhoi (ko Khoekhoen ko Khoikhoin) sun isa tare da shanu, tumaki da awaki. Wadannan makiyaya sun yi ƙaura zuwa kudu zuwa bakin teku. Hotunan dutse da petroglyphs (hotuna) sun kasance a matsayin shaida ga mutanen farko da suka zauna a nan.

A ƙarni na 4 AD mutanen da ke magana da Bantu sun fara ƙaura daga tsakiyar Afirka zuwa gabar gabas zuwa kudancin Afirka. AmaXhosa sun ci gaba da kudu zuwa bakin kogin Babban Kifi inda suka sadu da masu farauta na San da makiyaya na Khoikhoi, sannan daga baya har yanzu Dutch da kuma mazauna Burtaniya.

Tarihin mulkin mallaka

Gundumar da ke kewaye da Nxuba ta fara zama ne daga manoman Holland a ƙarshen karni na 18, amma an san shi da daɗewa ga mafarauta waɗanda suka haye iyaka ba bisa ka'ida ba don neman wasa da hauren giwa.

Tafiyar farko ta hukuma ta Dutch zuwa saman Babban Kogin Kifi ta kasance a tsakiyar shekara ta 1752 lokacin da wata ƙungiya da Ensign Agusta Frederik Beutler ke jagoranta ta ziyarci yankin. Beutler, yana bin umarnin Gwamna Ryk Tulbagh don bincika yiwuwar bunkasa yankunan gabashin Cape, ya kasance tare da wasu jami'ai da yawa ciki har da marubuci, Carl Haupt, da mai binciken ƙasa, Carl Wentzel, wanda ya zana taswirar hanyar da aka dauka. Kusan kawai abin da aka ambata game da yankin a cikin littafin shi ne cewa ya bushe sosai kuma ba za a iya samun abinci ba.

Shekaru arba'in da biyar bayan haka matafiyi Sir John Barrow ya haye Babban Kogin Kifi. A wurin da ya haye ya lura a taswirarsa da wanzuwar kusa da kogi na "maɓuɓɓugar Hepathic" - maɓuɓɓugan sulfur. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa za a yi amfani da maɓuɓɓugar don wanke ulu da wanke garin.

Bayan Yaƙin Xhosa na 1811-12, ya zama bayyananne cewa don kiyaye tsari a kan iyaka dole ne a kafa ƙarin matsayi na gudanarwa da soja tare da Babban Kogin Kifi. Gundumar Graaff-Reinet ta yi yawa don gudanar da kyau kuma garin da kansa ya yi nisa da kogi, don haka an yanke shawarar kafa sabon sub-drostdy, kuma a watan Yunin 1812 an nada Ensign Andries Stockenstrom mataimakin landdrost. An sayi gonar Piet van Heerden Buffels Kloof kusa da Babban Kogin Kifi don dala 3 500 rix. Ɗaya daga cikin fa'idodi na sayan shi ne cewa gidan gona na Van Heerden mai bango na dutse zai iya zama kurkuku, na farko kuma a bayyane yake mafi mahimmancin abin da ake buƙata na kowane gari. Gidan ya kuma samar da masauki ga ɗan sanda da 'yan sanda biyu.

Sanarwar hukuma ta bayyana a cikin Cape Town Gazette a ranar 21 ga Janairun 1814. Sir John Cradock ya ba da izinin kashe rixdollars 12 000 a kan gine-ginen jama'a kuma aikin ya fara nan da nan a gidan mataimakin landdrost. Bugu da ƙari an ba shi izinin gona don "ya ba da matsayinsa yadda ya dace da kuma girmamawa yadda ya kamata". Ginin da aka zaba shi ne Driefontein, na ɗan'uwan Piet van Heerden, W J van Heerden.

A watan Yulin 1817 an nada Reverend John Evans a matsayin minista na farko kuma ya fara tara kudade don coci. Tare da minista, mataimakin landdrost, 'yan sanda da' yan sanda, mazauna za su iya la'akari da ƙaramin ƙauyensu a kan hanyar zama "birni".

Ƙarƙashin Hudu

Matthew Goniwe, Sparrow Mkhonto, Fort Calata da Sicelo Mhlauli, waɗanda aka fi sani da The Cradock Four - an sace su yayin da suke tafiya daga Port Elizabeth zuwa Cradock a shekarar 1985. Daga nan aka kai su wani wuri da ba a sani ba, inda aka kai musu hari, aka kashe su kuma jikinsu da abin hawa da suke tafiya ya ƙone. Wasu daga cikin wadannan abubuwan sun faru ne a daren 27 Yuni 1985 (daren da aka sace su) kuma wasu daga cikinsu sun faru ne daga baya, lokacin da ba a sani ba.

'Yan sanda uku na Ofishin Tsaro, Sergeant Faku, Sergeant Mgoduka, da kuma Sakati daya da suka shiga cikin kisan masu fafutuka daga baya aka kashe su a fashewar bam din mota a Motherwell a shekarar 1989.

Abin tunawa da Cradock Four wani abin tunawa ne da ke Lingelihle, wani gari kusa da Nxuba . An gina abin tunawa a ranar 22 ga Yuli 2000 don tunawa da Cradock Four .