Nzinga Ndongo

Nzinga Ndongo
sarauniya 1624 - 1663
Rayuwa
Haihuwa	Caculo Cabaça (en) da Kingdom of Ndongo (en) , 1582
ƙasa	Kingdom of Ndongo (en)
Mazauni	Kingdom of Matamba (en)
Mutuwa	Kingdom of Matamba (en) , 17 Disamba 1663
Ƴan uwa
Mahaifi	Mbande a Ngola
Ahali	Barbara of Matamba (en) da Ngola Mbande (en)
Sana'a
Imani
Addini	Kiristanci

Nzinga Ndongo ko Ana de Sousa Nzinga Mbande (an haife ta a shekara ta 1583, ta rasu a ranar 17 ga Disamba 1663) ta kasance sarauniya ce mai ƙarfin hali kuma jagorar yaƙi daga yankin wanda yanzu ake kira Angola. Ta mulki daulolin Ndongo da Matamba kuma ta yi fice wajen gwagwarmaya da Portugal don kare 'yancin kasarta da mutanenta. Nzinga na daya daga cikin fitattun shugabannin mata a tarihin Afirka.

Farkon Rayuwa

Nzinga ta haifuwa a cikin dangin sarauta na Ndongo, wani yanki da ke kudu maso yammacin Afirka, wanda ke kusa da kogin Kwanza a kasar Angola ta yanzu. Mahaifinta, Ngola Kiluanji Kia Samba, shi ne sarkin Ndongo. An ce Nzinga ta samu kyakkyawan tarbiyya da horo a fannin jagoranci da harkokin mulki tun tana yarinya. Ta koyi harsuna da dama ciki har da Fotugis, lamarin da ya taimaka mata wajen cin ma yarjejeniyar diflomasiyya da Turawa.

Hawa Mulki

Nzinga ta fara taka rawa a siyasa lokacin da aka tura ta wakilci Ndongo wajen yin sulhu da Portugal a shekara ta 1622. Duk da cewa Portugal ta ci gaba da mamaye ƙasarta, Nzinga ta nuna kwarewa a diflomasiyya da iya magana. Bayan rasuwar ɗan'uwanta, Mbandi, ta karɓi mulki a shekara ta 1624 kuma ta zama sarauniya. A lokacin, daular Ndongo na cikin rikici da yunwa da mamayar Fotugis.

Yaƙi da Portugal

Nzinga ta yi amfani da dabaru na soja da na diflomasiyya wajen yakar Fotugis da kuma kare 'yancin mutanenta. A wani lokaci, ta koma addinin Kirista domin samun goyon bayan Portugal, amma daga baya ta koma matsayin gargajiya. Ta kafa sansanin soja a yankin Matamba kuma ta ƙarfafa rundunarta da dabarun yaƙi. Nzinga ta shahara da juriya da basira wajen jagorantar dakarunta a fagen fama.

Daular Matamba

Bayan da Portugal ta mamaye babban birnin Ndongo, Nzinga ta koma Matamba, inda ta karfafa sabon mulki. Ta kafa daular Matamba a matsayin wata ƙasa mai cin gashin kanta wadda ta ci gaba da jurewa yunkurin Fotugis. A karkashin mulkinta, Matamba ta bunkasa a fannin kasuwanci da tsari na mulki.

Gwagwarmaya da Cinikin Bayi

Nzinga ta kasance mai adawa da yadda Fotugis ke sace bayin Afirka. Duk da cewa a wasu lokuta ta yi amfani da cinikin bayi a matsayin dabarar diflomasiyya, daga baya ta bayyana rashin goyon bayanta ga hakan. Ta nuna tsayayya ga tsarin da ke ƙasƙantar da 'yan Afirka a kasuwannin bayi na Atlantic.

Rasuwa da Gado

Nzinga ta rasu a shekara ta 1663 tana da shekaru 80. Bayan rasuwarta, daular Matamba ta ci gaba da wanzuwa na wasu shekaru tare da bin tsarin da ta kafa. Ana kallo da Nzinga a matsayin wata gwarzon mace da ta yi gwagwarmaya da mamayar turawa, kuma ta kasance abin kwatance ga shugabanci na mata a Afirka.

Girmamawa a Yanzu

A yau, ana girmama Nzinga a matsayin jaruma ta Afirka. An sanya sunanta a cikin kundin tarihin Angola, kuma hotonta yana fitowa a takardun kuɗi da na kayan tarihi. An kuma yi fim da litattafai da dama da ke bayyana tarihin rayuwarta da gwagwarmayarta.

Tsoffin Sunaye da Mahalli

• Ana de Sousa Nzinga Mbande
• Sarauniyar Ndongo da Matamba

Karanta kuma

• Cinikin bayi a Atlantic
• Mulkin mallaka a Afirka
• Tarihin Angola
• Jagororin mata a Afirka

Manazarta

• Heywood, Linda M., Njinga of Angola: Africa’s Warrior Queen, Harvard University Press, 2017.
• Thornton, John. “Nzinga of Matamba in a New Perspective,” The Journal of African History, 1977.
• BBC News. “The fearless African queen who fought off colonialists.” 2020.