Oda a Majalisa

Oda a Majalisa
type of legislation (en)
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	decree-law (en)

oda a majalisa (wanda ake wa lakabi da OIC a wasu kasashe) wani nau'in kayan aiki ne na doka da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati, yawanci shugaban kasa ko wakilansu, ke bayarwa bisa shawarar majalisar ministoci ko majalisar ministoci. Ana amfani da waɗannan kayan aikin a ƙasashe da yawa na Commonwealth, tare da makamantan kayan aikin kuma ana samun su a cikin ƙasashe masu tsarin gwamnati na Westminster. Ko da yake ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ya bambanta ta ƙasa, oda a cikin majalisa galibi suna ba da izinin zartarwa don yanke shawara ko ƙa'idodi na yau da kullun ba tare da kafa sabuwar doka ba.

Nau'i, amfani da kalmomi

Akwai manyan nau'ikan oda guda biyu a majalisa: umarni a majalisa wanda sarki a majalisa ke aiwatar da ikon sarauta, da umarni a majalisa bisa ga dokar majalisa.

A cikin United Kingdom, sarki ne ke yin umarni a hukumance tare da shawarar majalisar masu zaman kansu (King-in-Council ko Sarauniya-in-Council). A Kanada, ana yin odar tarayya a cikin majalisa da sunan Gwamna Janar ta Majalisar Kula da Sirrin Sarki na Kanada; Umarnin-a-majalisa na Laftanar-Gwamnan-in-Council ne ta Majalisar Zartarwa ta lardin. A wasu wurare da sunan gwamna ta majalisar zartarwa (Gwamnan Majalisa, Gwamna-Janar-Majalisa, da sauransu).

A New Zealand, umarni a cikin majalisa, wanda Majalisar Zartarwa ta aiwatar, ana buƙatar aiwatar da shawarar da gwamnati ta yanke. Baya ga ayyukan majalisa, umarni a majalisa shine babbar hanyar da gwamnati ke aiwatar da hukunce-hukuncen da ke bukatar karfin doka

=Umurnin zartarwa

umurnin majalisa da aka yi a karkashin ikon sarauta ba ya dogara da kowace ka'ida ta ikonta, kodayake wani aikin majalisa na iya canza wannan. Wannan nau'in ya zama ƙasa da gama gari tare da wucewar lokaci, yayin da ƙa'idodi suka mamaye wuraren da a da ke zama wani ɓangare na ikon sarauta.

Batutuwan da har yanzu suna cikin haƙƙin sarauta kuma saboda haka ana tsara su ta hanyar (masu hakki) a cikin majalisa sun haɗa da ƙaddamar da majalisar dokoki, sharuɗɗan sarauta, da gudanar da mulkin Birtaniyya na ketare.

Ana iya amfani da odar Biritaniya a cikin majalisa lokaci-lokaci don sauya hukunce-hukuncen kotu yadda ya kamata ko tilasta dokar Birtaniyya da ta shafi yankunan Biritaniya na ketare ba tare da shigar da majalisar dokoki kamar yankin Caribbean ba (Abolition of Death Penalty for Kisa) Order 1991. [mai ban sha'awa - tattauna] A cikin Ƙasar Ingila kanta, za a iya yanke hukuncin kotu a hukumance a hukumance ko kuma ta hanyar wani hukunci na kotu.

Umarni na doka

A cikin wannan lamari na biyu, ana yin oda a majalisa a ƙarƙashin ikon da doka ta ba da ita kuma yawanci tana ƙarƙashin tsarin majalisa.A cikin Burtaniya, idan an zartar da dokar iyaye bayan 1 ga Janairu 1948, lokacin da Dokar Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Dokokin 1946 ta fara aiki, irin waɗannan umarni a majalisa nau'i ne na kayan aiki na doka ] Kamar duk kayan aiki na doka, ana iya buƙatar kawai a gabatar da su a gaban majalisun biyu, ko kuma a soke su bisa ga wani kuduri na ko dai majalisar wakilai (Majalisar Wakilai a Burtaniya da Kanada ko Majalisar Wakilai a sauran dauloli) ko kuma na babba (Majalisar Iyayengiji a Burtaniya ko Majalisar Dattijai a wasu dauloli) ('tsari mara kyau, ko kuduri na biyu ya amince da shi, ko kuma wani kuduri na biyu) tsari'). Wannan ya ce, an tsawaita amfani da oda a majalisa kwanan nan, kamar yadda dokar Scotland ta 1998 ta tanadi cewa za a iya gabatar da daftarin oda a majalisar a gaban majalisar dokokin Scotland a wasu yanayi kamar yadda za a gabatar da su a gaban Majalisar Westminster. Tun daga shekara ta 2007, ana aiwatar da dokar da aka gabatar a gaban Majalisar Welsh ta hanyar oda a cikin majalisa bayan bin ƙa'idar ƙuduri mai inganci.