Ofishin Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Ƴancin Dan Adam

Ofishin Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Ƴancin Dan Adam
Bayanai
Gajeren suna	HCDH
Iri	organization established by the United Nations (en) , Ƙungiyar kare hakkin dan'adam da secretariat (en)
Masana'anta	aiyuka na ƙasa da ƙasa
Mulki
Shugaba	Michelle Bachelet (mul) , Prince Zeid bin Ra'ad (mul) , Navi Pillay, Louise Arbour (en) , Bertrand Ramcharan (en) , Sérgio Vieira de Mello (en) , Mary Robinson, José Ayala Lasso (en) da Volker Türk
Hedkwata	Palais Wilson (en) da Geneva
Tarihi
Ƙirƙira	20 Disamba 1993
Awards received	Grand Cross of the Order of the Sun of Peru‎
ohchr.org

Ofishin Babban Kwamishinan 'Yancin Bil'adama na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ( OHCHR ) wani sashe ne na Sakatariyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ke aiki don haɓakawa da kare haƙƙin ɗan adam waɗanda aka ba da tabbacin ƙarƙashin dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa kuma aka tanada a cikin Yarjejeniyar Haƙƙin Dan Adam ta Duniya na 1948. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kafa ofishin a ranar 20 ga Disamba 1993 bayan taron 1993 na duniya kan 'yancin ɗan adam .

Ofishin yana karkashin jagorancin babban kwamishinan kare hakkin dan adam, wanda ke gudanar da ayyukan kare hakkin bil'adama a cikin tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kuma yana aiki a matsayin sakatariyar hukumar kare hakkin bil'adama a Geneva, Switzerland. Babban kwamishinan na takwas kuma na yanzu shine Volker Türk na Ostiriya, wanda ya gaji Michelle Bachelet ta Chile a ranar 8 ga Satumba 2022.

A cikin 2018-2019, sashen yana da kasafin kuɗi na dalar Amurka miliyan 201.6 (kashi 3.7 na kasafin kuɗin yau da kullun na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya), da kusan ma'aikata 1,300 da ke Geneva da New York City. Tsohon memba ne na kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Rukunin Raya Kasa .

Ayyuka da tsari

Umarni

Kasancewar OHCHR a bikin cika shekaru 70 na Yarjejeniyar Hakkokin Dan Adam ta Duniya, a Kenya

Wa'adin OHCHR ya samo asali ne daga Articles 1, 13 da 55 na Yarjejeniya Ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Sanarwar Vienna da Shirin Aiki da Kudirin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya mai lamba 48/141 na 20 ga Disamba 1993, wanda Majalisar ta kafa mukamin babban kwamishinan kare hakkin bil'adama na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Dangane da shirin yin garambawul na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (A/51/950, sakin layi na 79), OHCHR da Cibiyar Haƙƙin Bil Adama an haɗa su zuwa OHCHR guda ɗaya a ranar 15 ga Satumba 1997.

Manufa

Makasudin OHCHR shine:

1. Haɓaka jin daɗin duk wani haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam ta hanyar ba da tasiri mai amfani ga nufin da ƙudurin al'ummar duniya kamar yadda Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta bayyana.
2. Yi jagoranci kan lamuran haƙƙin ɗan adam da kuma jaddada mahimmancin haƙƙin ɗan adam a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa da ƙasa
3. Haɓaka haɗin gwiwar kasa da kasa don haƙƙin ɗan adam
4. Ƙarfafawa da daidaita ayyuka don haƙƙin ɗan adam a cikin tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya
5. Haɓaka tabbatar da duniya da aiwatar da ƙa'idodin ƙasa da ƙasa
6. Taimakawa wajen haɓaka sabbin ka'idoji
7. Taimakawa sassan haƙƙin ɗan adam da ƙungiyoyin sa ido kan yarjejeniya
8. Amsa ga manyan take haƙƙin ɗan adam
9. Ɗauki matakin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam
10. Haɓaka kafa cibiyoyin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam na ƙasa
11. Gudanar da ayyuka da ayyuka na filin haƙƙin ɗan adam
12. Samar da ilimi, sabis na ba da shawara da taimakon fasaha a fagen haƙƙin ɗan adam

Ƙungiya

OHCHR ya kasu kashi-kashi, kamar yadda aka bayyana a kasa. OHCHR tana karkashin jagorancin Babban Kwamishina mai matsayi na Mataimakin Sakatare-Janar .

Babban Kwamishinan Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam (Kaddashin Sakatare-Janar)

Babban Kwamishinan ‘Yancin Dan Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, wanda ke kula da babban sakatare, shi ne ke da alhakin dukkan ayyukan OHCHR, da kuma gudanar da ayyukanta, kuma yana gudanar da ayyukan da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ba shi musamman a kudurinsa mai lamba 48/141 na 20 ga Disamba 1993 da kuma kudurori na gaba na kungiyoyin tsara manufofi. Shi ko ita yana ba da shawara ga Sakatare-Janar game da manufofin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a fannin haƙƙin ɗan adam, yana tabbatar da cewa an ba da tallafi mai mahimmanci da gudanarwa ga ayyuka, ayyuka, gabobin da hukumomin shirin haƙƙin ɗan adam, yana wakiltar babban sakatare a tarurrukan ƙungiyoyin haƙƙin ɗan adam da sauran abubuwan haƙƙin ɗan adam, yana aiwatar da ayyuka na musamman kamar yadda babban sakatare ya yanke shawara. Kazalika waɗancan haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam waɗanda a halin yanzu suna cikin yarjejeniyoyin da suka ɗaure doka, babban kwamishinan kuma yana haɓaka haƙƙin ɗan adam har yanzu ba a san shi a cikin dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa (kamar ɗaukar haƙƙoƙin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu a matsayin fifikon dabaru, waɗanda ba duk a halin yanzu an san su a cikin ƙa'idodin doka na duniya).

Mataimakin Babban Kwamishinan Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam (Mataimakin Sakatare-Janar)

Babban jami'in kare hakkin bil'adama na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, a yayin gudanar da ayyukansa, yana samun taimakon mataimakin babban kwamishina wanda ke aiki a matsayin jami'in gudanarwa a lokacin da babban kwamishina ba ya nan. Bugu da kari, mataimakin babban kwamishina yana gudanar da wasu ayyuka na musamman da na gudanarwa kamar yadda babban kwamishinan ya yanke shawara. Mataimakin yana da alhakin babban kwamishinan.

Mataimakiyar babban kwamishina mai kula da haƙƙin ɗan adam na yanzu ita ce 'yar Australiya Kate Gilmore .

Mataimakin Sakataren Gwamnati na Harkokin ’Yancin Dan Adam (Hedikwatar MDD New York)

Mataimakin sakataren gwamnati na harkokin ’yancin dan adam (ba za a rikita shi da mataimakin babban kwamishina ba, wanda shima yana da matsayin mataimakin sakatare-janar) yana zaune ne a birnin New York kuma yana jagorantar Ofishin Babban Kwamishina na New York. Wannan ofishi yana wakiltar babban kwamishina a Hedikwatar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a New York, kuma yana tallata haɗakar da harkokin ’yancin dan adam a cikin tsare-tsaren manufofi da ayyuka da ƙungiyoyin gwamnati da na haɗin gwiwa ke gudanarwa a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.

An kafa mukamin mataimakin sakataren gwamnati na harkokin ’yancin dan adam a shekarar 2010, lokacin da aka naɗa Ivan Šimonović a matsayin na farko. Daga 2016 zuwa 2019, Andrew Gilmour ne ya riƙe wannan mukami. Tun daga 2020, Ilze Brands Kehris ce ke rike da wannan mukami.

Ofishin Ma’aikata na Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Kan Harkokin ’Yancin Dan Adam

Ofishin Ma’aikata yana ƙarƙashin jagorancin wani shugaba wanda ke da alhakin gabatar da rahoto ga babban kwamishina. Manyan ayyukan wannan ofishi sun haɗa da:

1. Taimaka wa babban kwamishina wajen jagoranci da sa ido gaba ɗaya akan ayyukan shirin kare hakkin dan adam
2. Taimaka masa wajen ƙirƙira, sadarwa, aiwatarwa da tantance manufofi da ayyuka don kare da haɓaka hakkin dan adam
3. Taimakawa wajen riƙe dangantaka da gwamnatoci, hukumomin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ƙungiyoyin duniya da ƙasa, ƙungiyoyin fararen hula, kamfanonin masu zaman kansu da cibiyoyin ilimi
4. Ci gaba da hulɗa akan harkokin manufofi tare da Ofishin Sakataren Janar da sauran ofisoshi a Hedikwatar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da masu magana da yawun sakatare-janar a New York da Geneva da kafafen watsa labarai
5. Gudanar da tara kuɗi da ayyuka na musamman kamar yadda babban kwamishina ya dora masa
6. Taimaka wajen haɓaka da kula da tsarin gudanarwa da tsara ayyukan shirin kare hakkin dan adam da kuma shirya rahotannin shekara-shekara kan ayyuka da nasarori
7. Wakiltar babban kwamishina a taruka da gabatar da jawabi a madadinsa

Sashen Gudanarwa

Sashen Gudanarwa yana ƙarƙashin jagorancin shugaban sashen, Kyle F. Ward, wanda ke da alhakin bayar da rahoto ga mataimakin babban kwamishina. Ayyukan asali na wannan sashen, banda waɗanda aka tsara a sashen 7 na sanarwar babban sakatare ST/SGB/1997/5, sun haɗa da:

1. Ba da shawara ga babban kwamishina kan harkokin kasafin kuɗi, kudi da ma'aikata da suka shafi shirin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam
2. Taimaka wa babban kwamishina da ma'aikatan da suka dace wajen aiwatar da nauyin su na kuɗi, ma’aikata da na gudanarwa gaba ɗaya da gudanar da shirye-shiryen ƙwararrun masu haɗin gwiwa da masu koyon aiki

Ofishin New York

Ofishin New York yana ƙarƙashin jagorancin mataimakin sakatare-janar wanda ke da alhakin bayar da rahoto ga babban kwamishina. Ayyukan asali na ofishin New York sun haɗa da:

1. Wakiltar babban kwamishina a hedikwata, a tarukan ƙungiyoyin yanke manufofi, tare da ofisoshin dindindin na ƙasashe mambobi, a tarukan sassa da hukumomin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, tare da ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa da ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru, a tarukan ilimi da kuma tare da kafafen yaɗa labarai
2. Bayar da shawarar manufofi da shawarwari kan muhimman al’amura ga babban kwamishina
3. Samar da bayani da shawarwari kan haƙƙin ɗan adam ga Ofishin Zartarwa na Babban Sakataren Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya
4. Ba da goyon bayan ainihi kan batutuwan haƙƙin ɗan adam ga Babban Taro, Majalisar Tattalin Arziki da Zamantakewa da sauran ƙungiyoyin yanke manufofi da ke New York
5. Ba da kayan aiki da bayani ga ofisoshin dindindin, sassan Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, hukumomi da shirye-shirye, ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa, kafafen yaɗa labarai da sauran masu ruwa da tsaki dangane da shirin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam
6. Ba da tallafi ga babban kwamishina da sauran jami’ai, da kuma ga masu ba da rahoto na musamman da wakilai na musamman yayin da suke aikin a birnin New York
7. Ɗaukar wasu takamaiman ayyuka kamar yadda babban kwamishina ya tsara

Sashen Hulɗa da Jigo, Tsare-tsare na Musamman da Haƙƙin Ci gaba

Wannan sashen yana ƙarƙashin jagorancin darekta wanda ke da alhakin bayar da rahoto ga babban kwamishina. Ayyukan asali sun haɗa da:

1. Ƙarfafawa da kare haƙƙin ci gaba, musamman ta hanyar:
   1. Taimakawa ƙungiyoyin kwararrun gwamnatoci wajen tsara dabarar haƙƙin ci gaba
   2. Taimakawa wajen nazarin rahotannin zaɓi da ƙasashe ke miƙa wa babban kwamishina game da matakan da aka ɗauka don cimma haƙƙin ci gaba da ƙalubalen da aka fuskanta
   3. Gudanar da bincike kan haƙƙin ci gaba da shirya takardun ainihi don gabatarwa ga Babban Taro, Kwamitin Kare Haƙƙin Dan Adam da ƙungiyoyin yarjejeniyar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya
   4. Taimakawa wajen shirya ayyukan sabis na ba da shawara da kayan karatu kan haƙƙin ci gaba
   5. Ba da cikakken bincike da goyon baya ga babban kwamishina a cikin aikinsa na ƙarfafa goyon bayan tsarin duka ga haƙƙin ci gaba
2. Gudanar da bincike kan dukkan fannoni na haƙƙin ɗan adam da suka shafi ƙungiyoyin haƙƙin ɗan adam na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya bisa fifikon da aka kafa a cikin Sanarwar Vienna da Matakin Aiki da kuma ƙudurin ƙungiyoyin yanke manufofi
3. Taimakawa ayyukan masu rike da mandatar Tsare-tsaren Musamman na Majalisar Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam
4. Ba da sabis na ainihi ga ƙungiyoyin haƙƙin ɗan adam da ke cikin ayyukan kafa ƙa'idoji
5. Shirya takardu, rahotanni ko ra’ayoyin rahotanni, taƙaitawa da takardun matsayi da kuma haɗa muhimman bayanai zuwa cikin kayan bayani da wallafe-wallafe
6. Bayar da nazari, shawara da jagoranci kan hanyoyin gudanar da aiki
7. Gudanar da ayyukan bayani na shirin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, ciki har da cibiyar takardu da ɗakin karatu, sabis na tambayoyi da kuma bayanan da suka shafi haƙƙin ɗan adam
8. Shirya nazari kan muhimman sashe na Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya don amfani a cikin kundin Ayyukan Majalisar

Sashen Majalisar Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam da Tsarin Yarjejeniya

Wannan sashen yana ƙarƙashin darekta wanda ke da alhakin bayar da rahoto ga babban kwamishina. Ayyukan asali sun haɗa da:

1. Tsara, shirya da gudanar da zaman/taro na Majalisar Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam, Kwamitin Ba da Shawara da ƙungiyoyin aiki da kuma kwamitocin da aka kafa a ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyoyin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam da ƙungiyoyin aikin su
2. Tabbatar da cewa ana samar da goyon bayan ainihi cikin lokaci ga ƙungiyar yarjejeniya ta kare haƙƙin ɗan adam da abin ya shafa, ta hanyar amfani da albarkatun da suka dace na shirin haƙƙin ɗan adam
3. Shirya rahotannin ƙasashe mambobi don nazari da bibiya ta ƙungiyar yarjejeniya da abin ya shafa da kuma bin diddigin matakan da aka yanke
4. Shirya ko tsara shirya da miƙa duk takardu na ainihi da sauran takardu da goyon bayan daga sauran sassa zuwa ayyukan ƙungiyoyin yarjejeniyar da aka yi wa hidima, da kuma bibiya kan matakan da aka ɗauka a tarukan waɗannan ƙungiyoyi
5. Tsara, shirya da gudanar da zaman hukumar amintattu na Asusun Tallafi na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya don ƴan adawa da azaba, da aiwatar da matakan da suka dace
6. Gudanar da ƙorafe-ƙorafe da aka miƙa wa ƙungiyoyin yarjejeniyar ƙarƙashin matakai na zaɓi da waɗanda Majalisar Tattalin Arziki da Zamantakewa ta kafa a ƙudurin ta na 1503 (XLVIII) na 27 Mayu 1970 da kuma tabbatar da ci gaba da bibiyar su

Sashen Ayyuka a Filin Gwagwarmaya da Haɗin Gwiwar Fasaha

Wannan sashen yana ƙarƙashin darekta wanda ke da alhakin bayar da rahoto ga babban kwamishina. Ayyukan sashen sun haɗa da:

1. Haɓaka, aiwatarwa, sa ido da tantance ayyukan sabis na ba da shawara da taimakon fasaha bisa buƙatar gwamnatoci
2. Gudanar da Asusun Zaɓi na Haɗin Gwiwar Fasaha a Fannin Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam
3. Aiwasar da Shirin Ayyuka na Shekarar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya don Ilimin Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam, ciki har da haɓaka kayan bayani da na ilimi
4. Ba da tallafi ainihi da na gudanarwa ga ayyukan gano gaskiya da bincike kan haƙƙin ɗan adam, kamar masu ba da rahoto na musamman, wakilai da kwararru da ƙungiyoyin aiki da Kwamitin Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam da/ko Majalisar Tattalin Arziki da Zamantakewa suka ba da mandat domin magance takamaiman halin ƙasar ko abubuwan da ke shafar take haƙƙin ɗan adam a duniya, da kuma Kwamitin Musamman na Babban Taro na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da ke Bincike kan Ayyukan Isra’ila da ke Shafar Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam na Mutanen Falasdinu da Sauran Larabawa a Ƙasashen da aka Mamaye
5. Tsara, goyon baya da tantance aikace-aikacen filin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, ciki har da tsara da haɓaka mafi kyawun dabi'u, hanyoyin gudanarwa da tsare-tsare ga duk ayyukan haƙƙin ɗan adam a filin
6. Gudanar da asusun zaɓi don aikace-aikacen filin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam
7. Gudanar da Asusun Zaɓi na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya kan Sabbin Nau’ukan Bautar Zamani, Asusun Zaɓi na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya don Jama'ar Asali da kuma Asusun Zaɓi na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya don Shekaru Goma na Ƙasa da Ƙasa na Jama'ar Asali na Duniya

_{(Tushen: Gidan Yanar Gizon OHCHR)}

Kwamishinonin Ƙoli na Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya na Kare Haƙƙin Dan Adam

Navi Pillay (tsakiya), Kwamishiniyar Ƙoli ta Kare Haƙƙin Dan Adam daga 2008 zuwa 2014

Kwamishinonin Ƙoli na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na Kare Haƙƙin Dan Adam

Hoto	Suna	Ƙasa	Lokacin Aiki	Bayani
	José Ayala Lasso	Ecuador	1994–1997
	Mary Robinson	Ireland	1997–2002	Ba a sabunta wa'adinta ba ta Sakataren Gaba Kofi Annan
	Sérgio Vieira de Mello	Brazil	2002–2003	Ya mutu a harin bam da aka kai kan otal ɗin Canal a Baghdad ranar 19 ga Agusta, 2003
	Bertrand Ramcharan	Guyana	2003–2004	Kwamishiniyar Ƙoli na riƙon ƙwarya
	Louise Arbour	Canada	2004–2008	Ba ta nemi wa'adi na biyu ba
	Navi Pillay	South Africa	1 Satumba 2008 – 31 Agusta 2014	An tsawaita wa'adinta da ƙarin shekaru biyu daga Babban Taron Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya a ranar 1 Satumba 2012
	Prince Zeid bin Ra'ad bin Zeid al-Hussein	Jordan	1 Satumba 2014 – 31 Agusta 2018
	Michelle Bachelet	Chile	1 Satumba 2018 – 31 Agusta 2022	An zaɓe ta daga Babban Taro a ranar 10 ga Agusta 2018
	Volker Türk	Austria	8 Satumba 2022 – 31 Agusta 2026	An naɗa shi daga Sakataren Gaba António Guterres a ranar 8 ga Satumba, 2022 bayan amincewar Babban Taro.

Cikakkun Suka

Dan jarida Emma Reilly ta fallasa imel a shekarun 2020 da 2021 inda Ofishin Kare Haƙƙin Dan Adam na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (OHCHR) ke ba da sunayen mahalarta tarukan haƙƙin ɗan adam na MDD 'yan asalin ƙasar Sin zuwa hannun gwamnatin ƙasar Sin idan aka nemi hakan. Wannan lamari ya faru fiye da sau ɗaya tun kafin 2012 har zuwa aƙalla 2019, duk da haramcin da ke kan irin wannan aiki. A wasu lokuta, bayan samun sunan wani gabanin taron daga MDD, Jam’iyyar Kwaminis ta Sin ta hana mai rajista fita daga kasar domin halartar taro a Geneva.

Ƙara karatu

• Ramcharan, Bertrand G. (2004). "The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights – The Challenges of International Protection". International Studies in Human Rights. Kluwer Publishers. 71.
• Hobbins, A.J. (2001). "Humphrey and the High Commissioner: the Genesis of the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights". Journal of the History of International Law (III): 38–74. doi:10.1163/15718050120956893.
• de Zayas, Alfred (2002). "Human Rights, United Nations High Commissioner for". In Helmut Volger (ed.). Concise Encyclopedia of the United Nations. Kluwer. pp. 217–223.
• de Zayas, Alfred (2000). "United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights". In Rudolf Bernhardt (ed.). Encyclopaedia of Public International Law. IV. Amsterdam: Elsevier. pp. 1129–1132.
• Gaer, Felice D.; Broecker, Christen L., eds. (2013). The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights: Conscience for the World (in Turanci). Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. ISBN 978-90-04-25425-1.

Mahaɗa

• Official website
• United Nations Rule of Law: The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, on the rule of law work conducted by the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights.