Ofishin Gudanar da Ma'adanai
 Ofishin Gudanar da Ma'adanai | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Iri |
United States federal agency (en)  |
| Ƙasa | Tarayyar Amurka |
| Mulki | |
| Hedkwata | Washington, D.C. |
| Tarihi | |
| Ƙirƙira | 19 ga Janairu, 1982 |
| Dissolved | 2011 |
| mms.gov | |
Ma'aikatar Gudanar da Ma'adanai (MMS) wata hukuma ce ta Ma'aunin Cikin Gida ta Amurka wacce ke kula da iskar gas, mai da sauran albarkatun ma'adanai a kan tashar nahiyar waje (OCS).[1][2]
Saboda rikice-rikicen da aka gani na sha'awa da kuma rashin kulawa da tsarin mulki biyo bayan zubar da man fetur na Deepwater Horizon da binciken Sufeto Janar, Sakataren Cikin Gida Ken Salazar ya ba da umarnin sakatare a ranar 19 ga Mayu, 2010, ya raba MMS zuwa sabbin hukumomin tarayya guda uku: Ofishin Gudanar da Makamashi na Tekun, Ofishin Tsaro da Muhalli, da Ofishin Haraji na Halitta. An sake sunan MMS na ɗan lokaci Ofishin Gudanar da Makamashi na Tekun, Dokar da Tilasta (BOEMRE) a lokacin wannan sake tsarawa kafin a rushe shi a hukumance a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 2011.
Hedikwatar a Washington, DC, Hukumar ta sami mafi yawan kudaden shiga daga hayar ƙasashe da ruwa na tarayya ga kamfanonin mai da iskar gas tare da riba na 98% . Ya kasance daga cikin manyan hanyoyin samun kudin shiga guda biyar ga gwamnatin tarayya, IRS ita ce lambar daya.[3] A matsayin MMS (kafin sauyawa zuwa BOEMRE), fasalin sa hannu na Hukumar bisa ga wani nau'i uku na bayanai shi ne cewa "ta zama jagorar al'ummarmu a ci gaban makamashi na waje da tattara sarauta a madadin jama'ar Amurka. " Game da aiwatar da ka'idoji da aminci, wannan littafin ya nuna cewa "MMS kuma tana tallafawa karatun kimiyya na ci gaba da aiwatar da mafi girman tsaro da ka'idodin muhalli. " An sanya bayanin aikin Hukumar a hukumance a cikin Shirin Kasafin Kudinta na 2010:[4]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An kirkiro Ma'aikatar Gudanar da Ma'adanai a ranar 19 ga Janairu, 1982. [4] A watan Janairun 1983, Majalisa ta zartar da Dokar Gudanar da Man Fetur da Gas ta Tarayya tare da manufar da aka bayyana: [5] Sakataren Cikin Gida a lokacin, James G. Watt, ya sanya MMS a matsayin hukumar gudanarwa da ke da alhakin aiwatar da ayyukan a karkashin Dokar.[6]
Tare da wucewar Dokar Manufofin Makamashi ta 2005, an ba MMS iko don haɓaka ayyukan makamashi mai sabuntawa, kamar raƙuman ruwa, iska da makamashi na yanzu, a kan Shelf na Kasashen Waje.[4] Ya zuwa shekara ta 2010, hukumar ta kunshi raka'a biyu na aiki, MRM da OEMM.
- Offshore Energy and Minerals Management (OEMM) - A karkashin jagorancin Dokar Kasuwancin Kasuwanci ta 1953, OEMM ta gudanar da makamashi da ci gaban ma'adinai a cikin kadada sama da biliyan 1.71 na Kasuwancin Yammacin Kasuwancin (OCS) kuma a kowace shekara tana ba da gudummawa ga Baitulmalin Amurka da ake sa ran dala biliyan 5 a cikin kudaden shiga na ma'adanai a cikin 2010.
- Minerals Revenue Management (MRM) - Ta hanyar shirin MRM, hukumar ta tattara, ta lissafa, kuma ta ba da kudaden shiga na ma'adinai daga haya na tarayya da na Indiyawan Amurka.
Shirin makamashi mai sabuntawa na hukumar ya haɗa da ci gaban makamashi masu sabuntawa, kamar iska, raƙuman ruwa, da hasken rana.[7]
Tun lokacin da aka kafa shi a 1982 ta hanyar FY, hukumar ta ba da kusan dala biliyan 200 ga asusun tarayya, jihohi, da na Indiyawan Amurka.
A ranar 21 ga Yuni, 2010, an sake sunan Ma'aikatar Gudanar da Ma'adanai a Ofishin Gudanar da Makamashi na Tekun, Dokar da Tilasta aiki kuma an sake tsara shi.
Ayyuka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ya zuwa shekara ta 2009, Hukumar ta dauki ma'aikata kusan mutane 1,600, wanda aka ba da shawarar girma da kasa da ɗari a shekara ta 2010.
Ƙungiya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An sake tsara BOEMRE a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2010 a karkashin jagorancin Sakataren Cikin Gida Ken Salazar bayan bala'in Deepwater Horizon . Ofishin an tsara shi cikin waɗannan sabbin hukumomi guda uku:
- Ofishin Gudanar da Makamashi na Tekun - Yana da alhakin hayar yankunan Outer Continental Shelf don albarkatun makamashi na al'ada da sabuntawa.
- Ofishin Tsaro da Kula da Muhalli - Yana da alhakin tabbatar da cikakken kulawa, aminci, da kariya ta muhalli a duk ayyukan makamashi na waje.
- Ofishin Haraji na Albarkatun Halitta - Yana da alhakin sarauta da gudanar da kudaden shiga, gami da tattarawa da rarraba kudaden shiga.
Rashin amincewa da jayayya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tun lokacin da aka kafa MMS, kuma musamman tun daga shekarun 1990s, Hukumar ta shiga cikin abubuwan kunya da yawa. Misali, a cikin 1990 ma'aikatan MMS suna da alaƙa da karuwanci, kuma a cikin 2008 Sufeto Janar na Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida ya ba da rahoton cewa ma'aikatan МMS sun shiga cikin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi da jima'i tare da ma'aikata daga kamfanonin makamashi da za su tsara.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "About the Minerals Management Service". Minerals Management Service. U.S. Department of the Interior. Archived from the original on July 1, 2010. Retrieved June 10, 2010.
- ↑ "About BOEMRE". Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement. U.S. Department of the Interior. Archived from the original on April 18, 2011. Retrieved April 17, 2011.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedpolitifact.com - ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "The Minerals Management Service" (PDF). U.S. Department of the Interior. Archived from the original (PDF; trifold) on July 22, 2010. Retrieved April 17, 2011. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "mmsoverview" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 97th United States Congress (January 12, 1983). "Federal Oil and Gas Royalty Management Act of 1982" (PDF). 96 STAT. 2447. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 27, 2010. Retrieved April 17, 2011.
- ↑ "OCS Lands Act History". Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement. U.S. Department of the Interior. Archived from the original on April 20, 2011. Retrieved April 17, 2011.
- ↑ "Cape Wind Threats: Permit Process". Alliance to Protect Nantucket Sound. 2007. Archived from the original on October 13, 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-05.