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Ofishin Taimako da Tabbatar da Tarayyar Afirka a Somaliya

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Infotaula d'esdevenimentOfishin Taimako da Tabbatar da Tarayyar Afirka a Somaliya
Iri military operation (en) Fassara
Ƙasa Somaliya


Ofishin Tallafin Tallafin Tarayyar Afirka a Somalia (AUSSOM) aiki ne na kiyaye zaman lafiya wanda ya fara a 2025 wanda Tarayyar Afrika (AU) ta ba da izini don maye gurbin Ofishin Jakadancin Tarayyar Afrịka a Somalia (ATMIS). Manufar ita ce ta tallafa wa jami'an tsaro na Somaliya wajen daidaita kasar da yaki da Al-Shabaab, yayin da yake sauƙaƙe mika nauyin tsaro ga gwamnatin Somaliya.

Tsarin AUSSOM ya samo asali ne daga matsalolin kudi da, tashin hankali na siyasa, musamman game da rawar da Habasha ke takawa. Manufar ita ce ta kunshi ma'aikata 11,900, gami da sojoji, 'yan sanda, da ma'aikatan farar hula, waɗanda Uganda, Habasha, Djibouti, Kenya, da Masar suka ba da gudummawa.[1][2] Damuwa game da take hakkin dan adam da ayyukan AU na baya suka aikata, gami da kisan kai da tashin hankali na jima'i, sun haifar da bincike kan zabin sojoji da sa ido. An soki AUSSOM saboda ma'aikatan kariya ta doka da ke aiki a karkashin, wanda ya hana lissafin laifuka da cin zarafi.[3]

Bayani na gaba ɗaya

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AMISOM da ATMIS

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A watan Maris na shekara ta 2007, an tura Ofishin Jakadancin Tarayyar Afirka zuwa Somaliya (AMISOM) biyo bayan mamayewar Habasha da nufin hambarar da sabuwar gwamnatin Islama da kuma shigar da Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Musamman (TFG). Manufar aikin AU ita ce ta taimaka wa Habashawa wajen tallafawa TFG kuma yayin da suke ba da dabarun fita ga sojojin Habasha yayin da kasancewarsu ke haifar da karuwar tashin hankali, wanda kungiyar Al-Shabaab ke zama babban bangare na.[4] Shekaru 15 bayan turawa AMISOM ya koma Ofishin Jakadancin Tarayyar Afirka a Somaliya (ATMIS), tare da burin mika cikakken alhakin tsaro ga sojojin gwamnatin Somalia.

Majalisar Zaman Lafiya da Tsaro ta Tarayyar Afirka ta amince da kirkirar AUSSOM a ranar 1 ga Agusta, 2024, [5] tare da shirye-shiryen fara aikin a 2025, [6] bayan janyewar ATMIS a ranar 31 ga Disamba, 2024.[7][8][9] Shugaban Somaliya Hassan Sheikh Mohamud ya nemi goyon baya daga tsoffin masu ba da gudummawa na ATMIS, yana ƙarfafa su su shiga cikin AUSSOM.[10]

Tallafin jama'a, wani muhimmin abu a kokarin yaki da Al-Shabaab, ya lalace ta hanyar halayyar sojojin AU. A cewar Jethro Norman, mai bincike a Cibiyar Nazarin Kasa da Kasa ta Denmark, cin zarafi da Laifukan yaki da sojojin AU suka aikata a Somalia "sun haifar da mummunan fushi tsakanin yawancin mutanen Somaliya... Rashin lissafi kawai ya kara wannan rashin amincewa - yana ƙarfafa imanin cewa sojojin AU na iya yin aiki ba tare da hukunci ba. " Al-Shabaab ya yi amfani da fushin Somaliya game da rashin hukunci da rashin halayyar sojojin AU, ta amfani da shi don karfafa daukar ma'aikata da kuma tabbatar da hare-hare.[3]

Rikicin Habasha da Somalia

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  1. ↑ "AU Launches New Somalia Mission Amid Rising Rivalry and Funding Challenges". hornobserver.com (in English). 2024-08-08. Retrieved 2024-10-27.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  2. ↑ "AUSSOM takes over security operations in Somalia". Hiiraan Online (in Turanci). 1 January 2025. Retrieved 2025-01-01.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Gabobe, Mohamed (12 March 2025). "African Union peacekeepers in Somalia accused of widespread abuse". The New Humanitarian (in Turanci). Retrieved 2025-03-13.
  4. ↑ Cocodia, Jude (2021-04-03). "Rejecting African Solutions to African Problems: The African Union and the Islamic Courts Union in Somalia". African Security (in Turanci). 14 (2): 110–131. doi:10.1080/19392206.2021.1922026. ISSN 1939-2206.
  5. ↑ "AU Launches New Somalia Mission Amid Rising Rivalry and Funding Challenges". Horn Observer (in Turanci). 2024-08-08. Retrieved 2024-10-27.
  6. ↑ "African Union to Launch New Support and Stabilization Mission in Somalia". Garowe Online (in Turanci). 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2024-10-27.
  7. ↑ "New AU-Led Mission, AUSSOM, to Replace ATMIS in Somalia Starting January 2025". Mustaqbal Media (in Turanci). 2024-08-08. Retrieved 2024-10-21.
  8. ↑ Sheikh, Abdi (2024-06-20). "Exclusive: Somalia asks peacekeepers to slow withdrawal, fears Islamist resurgence". Reuters.
  9. ↑ NAMWANJE, SALMAH (2024-10-07). "AUSSOM to replace ATMIS in Somalia as AU Peacekeeping Mission Transitions into 2025".
  10. ↑ "HSM's Regional Push For AUSSOM Faces Opposition". Saxafi Media (in Turanci). 2024-10-24. Retrieved 2024-10-27.

Matsalolin kudi da karuwar tashin hankali tsakanin Somaliya da Habasha bayan sanya hannu kan Somaliland_memorandum_of_understanding" id="mwVw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="2024 Ethiopia–Somaliland memorandum of understanding">Yarjejeniyar fahimta Habasha tare da Somaliland zai iya jinkirta sauyawa. Al'ummar kasa da kasa sun rabu kan tallafin kudi ga sabon tsarin manufofi.[1]

A ranar 27 ga Disamba 2024, ba da daɗewa ba, Majalisar Tsaro ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da ƙuduri 2767 na tura wannan manufa wanda ya fara aiki a ranar 1 ga Janairun 2025, ya maye gurbin Ofishin Jakadancin Tarayyar Afirka na yanzu a Somalia.[2] A halin yanzu ba a san ko za a ba Habasha damar shiga cikin aikin ba, yayin da aka cire sojojin Habasha daga sabon shirin AUSSOM saboda abubuwan da suka faru akai-akai inda ake zargin sojojin su sun keta ikon mallakar Somaliya. [3] Ya zuwa 2 ga Janairun 2025, Somaliya tana la'akari da juyar da shawarar da za a yanke na cire Sojojin Tsaro na Habasha (ENDF) daga AUSSOM. A wannan rana Ministan Tsaro na Habasha ya yi tafiya zuwa Mogadishu don tattaunawa game da aikin AU. Ministan Harkokin Waje na Somalia, Ali Balcad, ya bayyana a cikin wata hira da Bloomberg News, "Ganin cewa an warware batutuwan da ke tsakanin Somalia da Habasha ta hanyar Sanarwar Ankara, Somalia a shirye take ta sake la'akari da hada Sojojin Tsaro na Habasha a cikin aikin AUSSOM mai zuwa, " [4][5]

Rarraba sojojin Tarayyar Afirka

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A ranar 25 ga Fabrairu 2025, Gwamnatin tarayya ta Somalia da Tarayyar Afirka sun kammala rarraba sojoji don sabon aikin da kuma warware rikice-rikicen da suka gabata tsakanin Habasha da Somaliya kuma daga baya Burundi da Somaliya. Aikin zai tura ma'aikata 11,900, gami da sojoji, 'yan sanda, da ma'aikatan farar hula. A karkashin yarjejeniyar, Uganda za ta ba da gudummawar sojoji 4,500, sannan Habasha da 2,500, Djibouti da 1,520, Kenya da 1,410, da Masar da 1,091.[6]

Amsoshin

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Tsoffin mambobin ATMIS / AMISOM

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  • : Habasha ta nuna sha'awar shiga sabon aikin duk da kin amincewar Somaliya da farko saboda Somaliland_memorandum_of_understanding" id="mwlQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="2024 Ethiopia–Somaliland memorandum of understanding">Yarjejeniyar fahimta Habasha da Somaliland . [7][8] Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Somalia ta soki Habasha, inda ta nuna karuwar ayyukan Al-Shabaab da ke da alaƙa da kasancewarta.[9][10] A ranar 11 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2024, tare da sulhu na Turkiyya, Habasha da Somaliya sun cimma yarjejeniya don sauƙaƙe tashin hankali.[11] A lokacin taron manema labarai na Somaliya Shugaban kasar Hassan Sheikh ya yaba da gudummawar Habasha ga ayyukan AU a Somaliya kuma ya bayyana cewa "za mu ci gaba da hakan". Manyan jami'an gwamnatin Somaliya sun bayyana wa 'yan jarida cewa gwamnati "a shirye take ta sake la'akari da" shigar Habasha a cikin AUSSOM bayan tattaunawar Ankara.[12][13] Koyaya, bayan 'yan kwanaki, Somaliya ta zargi sojojin Habasha da hare-hare kan sojojin Somaliya, 'yan sanda da sansanonin leken asiri wanda ya haifar da mutuwar mutane. Wannan ya bar sa hannun Habasha a cikin aikin ba tare da tabbas ba.[14] A taron Majalisar Tsaro ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a ranar 27 ga watan Disamba, gwamnatin Somaliya ta hana Habasha shiga ta hanyar bayyana cewa yarjejeniyar tsaro ta yanzu ta isa, amma mai ba da shawara kan tsaro na kasa daga baya ya ba da shawarar cewa har yanzu ba a cimma shawarar yanke shawara ba.[15][16] Sauran jami'an Somaliya sun nace cewa ba a yanke shawara ta ƙarshe game da sojojin Habasha ba.[17] Wasu masu kallo sun yi imanin cewa Somaliya tana amfani da AUSSOM a matsayin guntu har sai Habasha ta soke yarjejeniyar tare da Somaliland. Ethiopia
  • : Djibout ta kuma ba da shawarar aika dakarun kiyaye zaman lafiya zuwa AUSSOM; [18] Somalia ta maraba da wannan. [19] Jibuti
  • : Ministan harkokin waje na Uganda Henry Oryem Okello ya yi adawa da tura sojojin Masar, yana mai cewa suna iya mamaye AUSSOM.[20] Bayan haka, shugaban Somaliya Hassan Sheikh Mohamud ya tafi Uganda don yin magana da shugaban Uganda Yoweri Kaguta Museveni, don shawo kan Uganda ta goyi bayan taimakon Masar a aikin.[21] Uganda
  • : Shugaban Kenya William Ruto ya sadu da shugaban Somalia Hassan Sheikh Mohamud don tattauna AUSSOM, wanda ya ƙare tare da Kenya ta amince da sabon aikin.[22][23] Kenya
  • : Burundi, wani tsohon mai ba da gudummawa ga ATMIS, ya kuma ga ziyarar da shugaban kasar Somaliya ya kai wanda ya ƙare tare da shugaban kasar Évariste Ndayishimiye yana maraba da aikin.[24] Burundi daga baya ta tabbatar da cewa ba za ta shiga cikin aikin ba saboda "rashin yarjejeniya" tsakanin Burundi da Somalia game da yawan sojojin da za ta iya turawa ga AUSSOM. Jami'an Burundi sun yi iƙirarin cewa gwamnatocin Somaliya sun yi watsi da su saboda rarraba ƙananan sojoji ga kasar, wanda suka tabbatar da cewa zai bar sojojin Burundi a bude don kai hari.[17] Burundi

Sauran Jihohi

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  • Masar: Masar ta ba da shawarar aika sojoji 10,000 zuwa Somalia, [25] 5,000 don AUSSOM da wasu 5,000 waɗanda za su yi aiki da kansu a yankin Hiiraan na Somalia da ke kan iyakar Habasha. [26][27] Dangane da yunkurin Habasha na kafa sansanin sojan ruwa da kuma amincewa da Somaliland, Somaliya ta kara juyawa ga Masar. A watan Agustan 2024, gwamnatin Somaliya ta ba da sanarwar cewa a watan Janairun 2025, Sojojin Masar za su maye gurbin sojojin Habasha da aka tura a karkashin ATMIS. Jami'an Masar sun bayyana cewa za su aika da makamai ciki har da motocin makamai, bindigogi, radars, da drones zuwa Somalia a matsayin wani ɓangare na yarjejeniyar tsaro.[28] Egypt
  • Amurka: Amurka ma tana da kyakkyawan fata game da sauyawa zuwa AUSSOM daga ATMIS.[29]Tarayyar Amurka
  • : Burtaniya ta gabatar da ƙuduri ga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ta maraba da shawarar AU na ƙirƙirar AUSSOM.[30] Bayan haka, wakilin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Burtaniya James Kariuki ya yi maraba da kirkirar AUSSOM a Majalisar Tsaro ta Majalisar Dinkinobho.[31] Birtaniya
  • : Faransa a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kuma yi maraba da kirkirar AUSSOM.[32] France

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ "ATMIS transition in Somalia could stall due to funding shortages, rising Ethiopia tensions". Hiiraan Online (in Turanci). 28 October 2024. Retrieved 2024-10-29.
  2. ↑ "Adopting Resolution 2767 (2024), Security Council Endorses New African Union Support Mission in Somalia | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases". press.un.org. Retrieved 2024-12-29.
  3. ↑ "Ethiopia Lobbying to Maintain Troop Presence in Somalia". Mustaqbal Media - (English) (in Turanci). 2025-01-02. Retrieved 2025-01-02.
  4. ↑ "Wafdi sare oo ka socda Itoobiya oo gaaray Muqdisho". Voice of America (in Somalianci). 2025-01-02. Retrieved 2025-01-02.
  5. ↑ Nor, Omar (2025-01-02). "Ethiopian Delegation in Mogadishu to Navigate Ankara Agreement and Troop Role Amidst Regional Tensions". Shabelle Media Network (in Turanci). Retrieved 2025-01-02.
  6. ↑ "AU, Somalia agree on troop numbers for new mission". Voice of America (in Turanci). 2025-02-25. Retrieved 2025-02-26.
  7. ↑ "Ethiopia to Keep Troops in Somalia for AU Mission Despite Sea Access Dispute". Garowe Online (in Turanci). 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2024-10-19.
  8. ↑ "We must be consulted in formation of AUSSOM, Ethiopia insists". Garowe Online (in Turanci). 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2024-10-20.
  9. ↑ "Somalia blames Ethiopia for resurgence of Al-Shabaab amid strained relations". Garowe Online (in Turanci). 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2024-10-23.
  10. ↑ "Somalia's Stance on Sovereignty and Ethiopia's Role in the African Union Stabilization Mission (AUSSOM) – MFA – The Ministry of Foreign Affairs & International Cooperation" (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-10-23.
  11. ↑ "Ethiopia and Somalia reach deal in Turkey to end Somaliland port feud". BBC News (in Turanci). 2024-12-12. Retrieved 2024-12-21.
  12. ↑ "Somalia 'open' to Ethiopian troop role". Voice of America (in Turanci). 2024-12-19. Retrieved 2024-12-28.
  13. ↑ "Ethiopia/Somalia: Thanks to Turkish mediation, AUSSOM might include Ethiopian troops after all". Africa Intelligence (in Turanci). 2024-12-28. Retrieved 2024-12-28.
  14. ↑ "Somalia, Ethiopia forces in deadly clash days after deal". Hiiraan Online (in Turanci). Agence France-Presse. 24 December 2024. Retrieved 2024-12-28.
  15. ↑ "Somalia Rejects Ethiopia's Participation in AU Mission Amid Egypt's Growing Influence". Garowe Online (in Turanci). 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2024-12-28.
  16. ↑ Ali, Faisal (2024-12-28). "UN authorises new mission against al-Shabaab in Somalia". The Guardian (in Turanci). ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2024-12-28. Somalia’s national security adviser, Hussein Sheikh-Ali, suggested a decision had not yet been reached on whether Ethiopian troops would be permitted to remain
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 "Somalia-Burundi Rift Over AUSSOM Troop Numbers Threatens Mission Stability". Garowe Online (in Turanci). 29 Dec 2024. Retrieved 2024-12-29.
  18. ↑ "Somali, Djibouti Leaders Pledge Stronger Cooperation Ahead of ATMIS-AUSSOM Transition". Mogadishu24 (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-10-22.
  19. ↑ "African Union to Launch New Support and Stabilization Mission in Somalia". Garowe Online (in Turanci). 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2024-10-14.
  20. ↑ "Uganda Opposes Egypt's Troop Deployment to Somalia". Garowe Online (in Turanci). 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2024-10-19.
  21. ↑ "Somalia's president visits Uganda as ATMIS exit draws near". Somali Guardian (in Turanci). 2024-10-19. Retrieved 2024-10-19.
  22. ↑ PURITY, WANGECHI (2024-10-23). "Kenya, Somalia Endorse New AUSSOM Mission Set to Begin in 2025". Capital News (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-10-24.
  23. ↑ "Kenya, Somalia endorse new AU Stabilisation Mission". The Star (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-10-24.
  24. ↑ "Bujumbura: Somali President touring troop-contributing countries a few months before the establishment of AUSSOM". SOS Médias Burundi (in Turanci). PCN. 2024-10-21. Retrieved 2024-10-25.
  25. ↑ "Egypt Deploys Military to Somalia in Strategic Move Amid Horn of Africa Tensions". Garowe Online (in Turanci). 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2024-10-14.
  26. ↑ "Ethiopia rattled as Egypt delivers military aid to Somalia". The EastAfrican (in Turanci). 2024-08-28. Retrieved 2024-10-14.
  27. ↑ "Somalia says it welcomes Egypt's offer to deploy peacekeepers there". ABC News (in Turanci). Associated Press. 2024-10-11. Retrieved 2024-10-14.[dead link]
  28. ↑ "New war looms over Nile water". The Independent (Uganda) (in Turanci). 2024-09-09. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
  29. ↑ "Somalia to determine AUSSOM composition ahead of ATMIS exit". Garowe Online (in Turanci). 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2024-10-20.
  30. ↑ "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland: draft resolution" (PDF).
  31. ↑ "This resolution robustly reinforces the Council's support to Somalia: UK Statement at the UN Security Council". GOV.UK (in Turanci). 2024-12-27. Retrieved 2024-12-28.
  32. ↑ "France welcomes the creation of the African Union Support and Stabilization Mission in Somalia (AUSSOM)". France Fifth Republic. 2024-12-27.
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