Olaudah Equiano

Olaudah Equiano
Rayuwa
Haihuwa	Benin, 1745
Harshen uwa	Harshen, Ibo
Mutuwa	City of Westminster (en) , 31 ga Maris, 1797
Ƴan uwa
Yara	view Joanna Vassa (en)
Karatu
Harsuna	Faransanci Turanci
Sana'a
Sana'a	marubuci, autobiographer (en) , aski, ɗan kasuwa da jarumi
Muhimman ayyuka	The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano (en)
Mamba	Ƴaƴan Afirka
Artistic movement	autobiography (en) social criticism (en)

Olaudah Equiano (/əˈlaʊdə/; c. 1745 - 31 Maris 1797), wanda aka sani da galibin rayuwarsa a matsayin Gustavus Vassa (/ ˈvæsə/), marubuci ne kuma mai shafewa. Kamar yadda tarihinsa ya nuna, ya fito daga ƙauyen Essaka a kudancin Najeriya a yau. An bautar da shi tun yana yaro a Afirka ta Yamma, an tura shi zuwa Caribbean kuma an sayar da shi ga wani jami’in sojan ruwa na Royal. An sayar da shi sau biyu kafin ya sayi 'yancinsa a 1766.

A matsayinsa na mai 'yanci a Landan, Equiano ya goyi bayan yunkurin kawar da Burtaniya, a cikin 1780s ya zama daya daga cikin manyan alkalumansa. Equiano wani bangare ne na kungiyar kawar da 'ya'yan Afirka, wadanda mambobinta 'yan Afirka ne da ke zaune a Biritaniya. Littafin tarihin rayuwarsa na 1789, Labari mai ban sha'awa na Rayuwar Olaudah Equiano, ya sayar da kyau har an buga bugu tara a lokacin rayuwarsa kuma ya taimaka wajen tabbatar da zartar da dokar cinikin bayi ta Burtaniya 1807, wacce ta soke cinikin bayi Mai Ban sha'awa ya sami sabon shahara a tsakanin masana a ƙarshen karni na 20 kuma ya kasance tushen tushe mai amfani.

Rayuwar farko da bauta

A cikin tarihinsa na 1789, an haifi Equiano a shekara ta 1745 a ƙauyen Igbo na Essaka a yankin kudancin Najeriya. Ya yi ikirarin cewa gidansa na cikin masarautar Benin ne.

Equiano ya ba da labarin wani lamari na yunkurin sace yara a kauyensu na Igbo, wanda manya suka dakile. Lokacin da ya kai shekara sha daya, an bar shi da ‘yar uwarsa su kula da harabar gidansu, kamar yadda aka saba idan manya suka fita aiki. An yi garkuwa da su aka tafi da su nesa da gidansu, aka raba su aka sayar wa ’yan kasuwar bayi. Ya yi kokarin tserewa amma abin ya ci tura. Bayan masu shi sun canza sau da yawa, Equiano ya sadu da 'yar uwarsa amma sun sake rabuwa. Bayan wata shida ko bakwai da aka yi garkuwa da shi, ya isa bakin teku inda aka dauke shi a cikin jirgin bayi na Turawa. An kai shi tare da wasu ’yan Afirka 244 da aka yi bauta a tsallaka Tekun Atlantika zuwa Barbados da ke yankin Yammacin Indiya. An aika shi da wasu ƴan bayi don sayarwa a cikin Colony na Virginia.

Masanin wallafe-wallafen Vincent Carretta ya yi jayayya a cikin tarihin rayuwarsa na 2005 na Equiano cewa mai yiwuwa an haife mai fafutuka ne a Kudancin Carolina ta mulkin mallaka maimakon Afirka, bisa ga rikodin baptismar Ikklesiya ta 1759 wanda ya jera wurin haihuwar Equiano a matsayin Carolina da tarin jirgin ruwa na 1773 wanda ke nuna South Carolina. Ƙarshen Carretta ya sami sabani da wasu malamai waɗanda suka yi imanin cewa nauyin shaida ya goyi bayan lissafin Equiano na zuwa daga Afirka.

A Virginia, Michael Henry Pascal, wani Laftanar a Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ya sayi Equiano. Pascal ya sake sa wa yaron suna "Gustavus Vassa", bayan Sarkin Sweden na ƙarni na 16 Gustav Vasa wanda ya fara gyare-gyaren Furotesta a Sweden. An riga an sake masa suna Equiano sau biyu: ana kiransa Mika'ilu yayin da yake cikin jirgin bawa da ya kawo shi Amurka, kuma Yakubu ta wurin maigidansa na farko. A wannan lokacin, Equiano ya ƙi kuma ya gaya wa sabon mai shi cewa ya fi son a kira shi Yakubu. Ya ki amincewa, ya ce, "ya sami nasara da yawa" kuma daga karshe ya mika wuya ga sabon suna. kawai ya yi amfani da Equiano a cikin tarihin rayuwarsa.