Osman Digna

Osman Digna
Rayuwa
Haihuwa	Suakin (mul) , 1836
ƙasa	Sudan
Mutuwa	Wadi Halfa (en) , 1926
Sana'a
Sana'a	ɗan siyasa da soja
Aikin soja
Ya faɗaci	Yakin Mahdist First and Second Battles of El Teb (en) Battle of Tamai (en) Battle of Suakin (en) Yaƙin Atbara Yaƙin Umm Diwaykarat
Imani
Addini	Musulunci

Osman Digna (Arabic) (c. 1840-1926) ya kasance mai bin Muhammad Ahmad, mai ikirarin Mahdi, a Sudan, wanda ya zama sanannen kwamandan soja a lokacin Yaƙin Mahdi . An yi iƙirarin cewa ya fito ne daga dangin Abbasid. A matsayinsa na janar mafi ƙwarewa na Mahdi, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin makomar Janar Charles George Gordon da ƙarshen mulkin Turkiyya da Masar a Sudan.

A Burtaniya, Osman Digna ya zama sanannen mutum, dukansu sun zama aljanu a matsayin mai zalunci kuma ana girmama su a matsayin jarumi. Winston Churchill ya bayyana shi a matsayin "mai basira" da kuma "mai hankali", yana kiransa "mai daraja, kuma watakila marar mutuwa, Osman Digna"

Shugaba Mahdist

Mahaifin Osman Digna Kurdawa ne kuma mahaifiyarsa ta fito ne daga kabilar Hadendoa ta Mutanen Beja. Ba a rubuta inda aka haife shi ba, amma an ce Suakin shine garin, inda aka haifa shi. Da farko an san shi da Osman Ali . Ya zauna a Alexandria, Misira, inda ya yi aiki a sayar da bayi. Bayan da Ingilishi ya tilasta masa barin wannan kasuwancin, ya shiga cikin tawaye na Ahmed 'Urabi . Bayan gazawar tawaye a yakin Tel al-Kebir (13 Satumba 1882), ya haɗa kansa da dalilin Mahdi a Sudan.

Game da wannan lokacin ya sami sunan "Digna" saboda cikawar gemu ("mai gemu," daga dikn, "gemu"). Shi ne shugaban rundunar soja mai karfi a kusa da Suakin. Yaƙin farko da ya yi shi ne yunkurin kama wani sansanin Turkiyya a Sinkat a 1883. An kori hari na farko, amma daga ƙarshe sansanin ya fadi bayan an kewaye shi.

A Yaƙin Farko na El Teb ya yi mummunan rauni a kan babbar rundunar Masar da Baker Pasha ke jagoranta a kusa da Tokar, a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu 1884. Nan da nan bayan wannan nasarar, duk da haka, an aika sabon rundunar Burtaniya da Masar don dawo da halin da ake ciki, kuma Janar Graham ya ci shi a kusa da Tokar a Yaƙin El Teb na Biyu.

Dukkanin bangarorin biyu sun janye don dawo da sojojin su, amma nan da nan Graham ya kaddamar da hari na biyu da aka tsara don murkushe Osman Digna gaba ɗaya. A Yaƙin Tamai, sojojin Mahdist sun yi amfani da rata a matsayin Burtaniya, kuma sun yi nasarar karya filin sojan ƙasa. Sun kusan iya yanke wasu sassan sojojin Burtaniya, amma Turawan Burtaniya sun sami damar tarawa da karfafa matsayinsu. Mahdists sun fuskanci wuta mai tsanani kuma a ƙarshe an ci su. Duk da cin nasarar da aka yi masa, a matsayin kwamandan kasashen waje kawai wanda ya karya filin sojan Burtaniya, Osman Digna da dakarunsa sun sami suna a tsakanin Burtaniya don babban ƙarfin yaƙi. An yi bikin ƙarfin sojojinsa a cikin waka ta Rudyard Kipling "Fuzzy-Wuzzy". An kuma ambaci sunansa a cikin The Battle of El-Teb, waka ta William McGonagall .

Rashin nasarar, duk da haka, bai hallaka Mahdists ba, kuma Osman Digna ya kasance a cikin ikon magoya bayansa. Graham daga baya ya janye, kuma Osman Digna ya dawo da sojojinsa. Ya gabatar da yakin a matsayin nasara, yana mai cewa Birtaniya sun gudu "da tsoro". Ya rubuta wa Mahdi yana mai da'awar cewa ya yi asarar rayuka 8,000 a kan Birtaniya, tare da kashe 2,000 kawai daga cikin sojojinsa. Asarar hukuma ta Burtaniya ta kashe 100. Duk da haka, yakin Burtaniya bai yi nasara sosai ba, kamar yadda Osman Digna "ya riƙe Sinkat da Tokar kuma hanyar Suakin-Berber ta mallaki Ansar [Mahdists]".

Yanayin ya haifar da karuwar warewar Janar Gordon, wanda ke karkashin kewaye a Khartoum. A ƙarshe Gordon bai iya janyewa zuwa Misira ba, kuma ba a aika da sojojin Burtaniya da sauri don su sauƙaƙe shi ba. Bayan faduwar Khartoum ga Mahdists da mutuwar Gordon, an ce an ba Osman agogo da takobi na Gordon don nunawa ga Mahdistas a Suakin a matsayin tabbacin nasara.

Ayyuka na baya

Osman Digna daga baya ya yi aiki a ƙarƙashin magajin Mahdi Abdallahi ibn Muhammad (wanda aka sani da Khalifa), wanda ya kaddamar da jerin ayyukan soja a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. Osman Digna ya dauki kwamandan rundunar Mahdist da ta mamaye Habasha a 1885, amma Janar Ras Alula na Habasha ya ci shi a Yaƙin Kufit a ranar 23 ga Satumba.

A watan Disamba, 1888, ya yi yaƙi a Yaƙin Suakin, yana ƙoƙari ya kama sansanonin ruwa na yankin. Ya sha wahala mai zubar da jini a hannun Janar Grenfell, kuma ya ji rauni a hannunsa. Har zuwa 1891, Osman Digna ya ci gaba da jagorantar sojojin Mahdist a gabashin Sudan, yana kare sojojin Masar. A watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1891, hadin gwiwar sojojin Burtaniya da Masar sun kama Tokar. Ƙabilun yankin sun fice daga Mahdists, sun tilasta Osman Digna ya koma tsaunuka.

Emir Mahmoud, shugaban Mahdi, a matsayin fursuna bayan Yaƙin Atbara, hoto na Francis Gregson, 1898

Bayan wannan, ya kasance jagora a cikin sojojin Mahdist, amma ya kasance kawai a cikin rikice-rikicen da suka haifar da cin nasara na karshe da mutuwar Khalifa. Lokacin da Birtaniya a karkashin Herbert Kitchener suka koma Sudan a shekara ta 1898, Khalifa ya aika da runduna a karkashin Emir Mahmud Ahmad don shiga cikin sojojin Osman. Khalifa ya amince da shirin Osman na kawar da Kitchener ta hanyar motsawa zuwa Atbara, amma Mahmud ya mamaye Osman, lokacin da ya ba da shawarar motsa sojojin su har ma da kogin zuwa Adaramra, yana barazanar layin sadarwa na Kitchener. Maimakon haka Mahmoud ya kirkiro sansanin tsaro a Atbara. Wannan ya zama abin zama ga Kitchener. A yakin da ya biyo baya na Atbara, ya kaddamar da barga sannan ya kai hari da sauri. Matsayin Mahdist ya rushe. Osman ya sami nasarar jagorantar 'yan dubban mayaƙa a kan koma baya zuwa kudu, kuma an kashe mafi yawan sauran ko kuma an kama su, gami da Mahmud, wanda sojojin Sudan na Brigade na Masar suka kama.

A shekara ta 1899 Osman Digna ya yi yaƙi a yakin karshe na sojojin Mahdist, wanda aka karya ƙarfinsa a shekarar da ta gabata a Omdurman. A Yaƙin Umm Diwaykarat ya ji rauni, amma shi kadai ne shugaban da ya tsere kuma ya ci gaba da juriya. Ya yi ƙoƙari ya kai ga aminci a cikin Hejaz, amma a ranar 19 ga Janairun 1900, an kama shi a kusa da Tokar kuma an tura shi a matsayin fursuna zuwa Rosetta. A can, ya yi aiki a kurkuku na tsawon shekaru takwas, kuma bayan an sake shi ya zauna a Misira har sai ya mutu a 1926.