Otal din Rwanda
Otal din Rwanda fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na tarihi na shekara ta 2004 wanda Terry George ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni. An daidaita shi daga rubutun George da Keir Pearson, da taurari Don Cheadle da Sophie Okonedo a matsayin mai otel Paul Rusesabagina da matarsa Tatiana. Bisa ga Kisan kare dangi na Rwanda, wanda ya faru a lokacin bazara na 1994, fim din ya nuna kokarin Rusesabagina na ceton rayukan iyalinsa da wasu 'yan gudun hijira sama da 1,500 ta hanyar samar musu da mafaka a cikin Hôtel des Mille Collines da aka kewaye. [1] Otal din Rwanda yana bincika kisan kare dangi, cin hanci da rashawa na siyasa, da kuma tasirin tashin hankali.
Fim din ya kasance hadin gwiwa tsakanin United Artists da Lions Gate Films, kuma United Artists ne suka rarraba shi ta hanyar kasuwanci da kuma Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer don kafofin watsa labarai na gida. Otal din Rwanda ya fara fitowa a cikin gidajen wasan kwaikwayo a iyakantaccen saki a Amurka a ranar 22 ga Disamba 2004 kuma a cikin saki mai yawa a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu 2005, inda ya kai sama da dala miliyan 23 a cikin tallace-tallace na cikin gida. Ya sami ƙarin dala miliyan 10 a cikin kasuwanci ta hanyar sakin kasa da kasa don fitowa a jimlar kusan dala miliyan 34 a cikin kudaden shiga.
An zabi fim din don kyaututtuka da yawa, gami da gabatarwa na Kwalejin don Mafi kyawun Actor (Cheadle), Mafi kyawun Actress (Okonedo), da Mafi kyawun Original Screenplay.
Makirci
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1994, tashin hankali tsakanin gwamnatin Hutu da 'yan tawaye na Tutsi ya haifar da kisan kare dangi a Rwanda, inda cin hanci da rashawa tsakanin' yan siyasa suka zama ruwan dare. Paul Rusesabagina, manajan Hôtel des Mille Collines na Belgium, Hutu ne, amma matarsa Tatiana Tutsi ce. Aure na su shine tushen rikice-rikice tare da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na Hutu, ciki har da Georges Rutaganda, mai samar da kayayyaki ga otal wanda kuma shine shugaban Interahamwe, mummunan 'yan bindiga na Hutu.Paul ya sami tagomashi tare da Janar na Sojojin Rwanda Augustin Bizimungu, wanda ke son Hutu. Bayan kisan shugaban, wani Hutu, Paul da iyalinsa suna lura da kashe maƙwabta, suna fara farkon matakan kisan kai dangi. Lokacin da yakin basasa ya ɓarke kuma Kyaftin Sojojin Rwanda ya yi barazana ga Paul da maƙwabtanta, Paul ya yi shawarwari da tsaron su kuma ya kawo su otal ɗin. Bayan ya dawo tare da su, ya sami mai karɓar bakinsa mai suna Gregoire yana zaune a gidan shugaban kasa kuma yana barazanar fallasa 'yan gudun hijirar Tutsi, gami da matar Paul, idan aka sanya shi aiki.
Sojojin kiyaye zaman lafiya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, karkashin jagorancin Kanar Oliver na Kanada, an hana su shiga tsakani cikin rikici da kuma hana kisan kare dangi. Maigidan Paul kuma mai otal ɗin, wanda ke zaune a Belgium, ya nemi gafara a gare shi ta wayar tarho, yana cewa babu wani abu da zai iya yi don samar da shi da iyalinsa lafiya. An kwashe 'yan kasashen waje, amma an bar mutanen Rwanda don kare kansu.Ƙarin waɗanda aka kwashe sun isa otal ɗin daga sansanin 'yan gudun hijira na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Red Cross, da gidajen marayu daban-daban, jimillar 800, duka Tutsi da Hutu. Tatiana tana neman ɗan'uwanta, surukarta, da 'yan uwanta biyu. Yayin da halin da ake ciki ya zama mafi muni, dole ne Paul ya karkatar da sojojin Hutu, ya kula da 'yan gudun hijira, ya kare iyalinsa, kuma ya kula da bayyanar otal din taurari 4. Paul ya tilasta Gregoire ya yi aiki tare da taimakon Janar Bizimungu .
Rashin kayan aiki, Paul da Gregoire suna tuki don tattara kayan otal daga Georges Rutaganda kuma suna shaida 'yan bindiga na Interahamwe suna yi wa 'yan Tutsi fyade. Georges ya bayyana wa Paul cewa "masu wadataccen kwari" kudi zai zama mara amfani tunda za a kashe dukkan Tutsis. Paul ya nuna rashin gaskatawa cewa masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na Hutu za su shafe dukkan Tutsis, amma Georges ya amsa: "Me ya sa ba haka ba? Mun riga mun kasance a rabi. " Sun koma otal ɗin ta hanyar duhu, hazo mai zurfi, a kan hanyar da Georges ya ba da shawarar, kawai don samun cewa an rufe shi da gawawwakin gawawwaki.
Lokacin da sojojin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya suka yi ƙoƙari su kwashe wani rukuni na 'yan gudun hijira, gami da dangin Paul, Gregoire ya ci amanar su ga Interahamwe, waɗanda ke amfani da watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo don kusantar da su. Bayan ya ba Janar Bizimungu sauran abubuwa masu daraja da Scotch daga ofishinsa lafiya don kare 'yan gudun hijira, sai Paul ya gargadi Bizimungu don rashin kulawa da kisan kare dangi kuma ya yi alkawarin yin shaida a madadinsa don taimakonsa.Ba da daɗewa ba, dangin Paul da 'yan gudun hijirar otal ɗin sun sami damar barin otal ɗin da aka kewaye a cikin motar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Suna tafiya ta hanyar janyewar 'yan gudun hijira da' yan bindiga don isa ga aminci a bayan layin 'yan tawayen Tutsi kuma sun sake haɗuwa da' yan uwan su.
Katunan lakabi na ƙarshe sun bayyana cewa Bulus ya ceci akalla 'yan gudun hijira 1,200 na Tutsi da Hutu. Shi da iyalinsa, waɗanda suka karɓi 'yan uwan biyu, sun koma Belgium, amma ba a taɓa samun ɗan'uwan Tatiana Thomas da matarsa ba. Kisan kare dangi ya ƙare a watan Yulin 1994 lokacin da 'yan tawayen Tutsi suka kori' yan Hutu da 'yan bindiga na Interahamwe a fadin iyaka zuwa Kongo. Akalla mutane 800,000 sun mutu a kisan kare dangi. An yi wa Georges da Bizimungu shari'a kuma an yanke musu hukunci saboda laifukan yaki, tare da Georges da aka yanke masa hukuncin rai da rai.
Masu ba da labari
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Fitarwa da daidaito na tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin 1999, Rusesabagina ta karɓi kiran waya daga wani marubucin fim na Amurka mai suna Keir Pearson . Pearson, tare da abokin aikinsa Terry George, ya ci gaba da rubuta rubutun don Otal Rwanda tare da tuntubar Rusesabagina.[2] Da yake raba tunaninsa game da rashin shiga tsakani na kasa da kasa a lokacin rikicin, darektan Terry George ya yi sharhi, "Yana da sauƙi ... rayuwar Afirka ba a ganin ta da mahimmanci kamar rayuwar Turawa ko Amurkawa".[3]
Rusesabagina tun daga lokacin ya kasance ƙarƙashin zargi daga wasu waɗanda suka tsira daga kisan kiyashi. A shekara ta 2008, an buga littafin Hotel Rwanda, ko, Kisan kiyashi na Tutsi kamar yadda Hollywood ta gani ta Alfred Ndahiro, wanda tsohon mai ba da shawara ga Paul Kagame, da kuma ɗan jarida Privat Rutazibwa, . Marubutan sun gudanar da tambayoyi tare da mutane 74 da suka zauna a Otal din a lokacin kisan kiyashi. A cikin Otal ɗin Rwanda: Labarin Gaskiya mai ban mamaki ... Kuma Me ya sa yake da mahimmanci A yau, wanda Otal des Mille Collines Survivor Edouard Kayihura da marubucin Amurka Kerry Zukus suka rubuta, an buga shi a cikin 2011.
Littattafan sun haɗa da zargin cewa a lokacin kisan kiyashi, Rusesabagina ta karɓi kuɗi daga baƙi na otal don ɗakuna da abinci.[1] An kuma ruwaito cewa hedkwatar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Kigali ta sami bayanai cewa Rusesabagina ta baiwa kwamandan sojojin Rwanda jerin sunayen baƙi na otal da lambobin ɗakinsu. Masu sa ido na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun sami nasarar canza lambobin ɗakuna na waɗanda aka fi barazana. Halin Kanar Kanada ya dogara ne akan Sanata Roméo Dallaire, wanda yanzu ya yi ritaya Lieutenant-General daga Sojojin Kanada. Dallaire bai gamsu da yadda fim din ya nuna abubuwan da ya gani ba, yana jayayya cewa shi da mutanensa sun yi yawa don taimakawa wadanda suka tsira. Ya ba da labarin abubuwan da ya samu a cikin tarihin rayuwarsa, Shake Hands with the Devil . Daga baya aka daidaita littafin zuwa fina-finai guda biyu; fim, da kuma fim mai ban mamaki na 2007.
Da yake mayar da martani ga masu sukar, Odette Nyiramilimo, wani shahararren wanda ya tsira wanda ya zama sanata a sabuwar gwamnati, ya mayar da martana kan zargin Paul Ruseabagina na mummunar niyyar, yana cewa: "Ban taɓa ganinsa na yi barazanar fitar da mutane daga otal ɗin ba idan ba su biya ba - ba".
Fim
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An harbe babban fim a wurin a Kigali, Rwanda, da Johannesburg, Afirka ta Kudu. Ba a yi amfani da ainihin Hôtel des Mille Collines a cikin fim din ba. Maimakon haka, asibiti mara kyau a Afirka ta Kudu shine wurin fim na farko. An tuntubi Paul Rusesabagina yayin rubuce-rubucen fim din. Kodayake halin Kanar Oliver da Nolte ya buga ba gaskiya ba ne, kwamandan rundunar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na UNAMIR, Roméo Dallaire ne ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi.[4] Shugaban Uganda Yoweri Museveni, shugaban kasar Rwanda na lokacin Juvénal Habyarimana, da shugaban Rwandan Patriotic Front (shugaban yanzu) Paul Kagame sun bayyana a cikin hotunan talabijin a cikin fim din.
Masu shirya fim din sun yi haɗin gwiwa tare da Gidauniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don ƙirƙirar Asusun Duniya na Rwanda, wanda ke tallafawa shirye-shiryen Shirin Ci Gaban Majalisar Dinkinobho don taimakawa wadanda suka tsira daga Rwanda.[5] "Manufar fim din ba wai kawai don shigar da masu sauraro cikin wannan labarin kisan kare dangi ba har ma da karfafa su don taimakawa wajen gyara mummunar lalacewa, "in ji George.[6]
Sauti
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An fitar da sauti na asali na hoton motsi na Otal Rwanda ta hanyar lakabin Commotion a ranar 11 ga Janairun 2005. Ya ƙunshi waƙoƙin da Wyclef Jean, Deborah Cox, da sauransu suka rubuta. Rupert Gregson-Williams, Andrea Guerra, da Afro Celt Sound System ne suka kirkiro waƙar fim din, yayin da Michael Connell ya shirya shi.[7][8]
| A'a. | Taken | Tsawon |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | "Mama Ararira Pt. 1/Mama Ararira We!, Pt. 2" | 3:41 |
| 2. | "Mwali We!" | 1:09 |
| 3. | "Miliyoyin Muryoyi" | 4:23 |
| 4. | "Harin Interahamwe" | 2:48 |
| 5. | "Babu Wanda Ya La'akari" | 4:12 |
| 6. | "Umqombothi (Bear Afirka) " | 4:53 |
| 7. | "Hanyar zuwa Bautar" | 4:47 |
| 8. | "Waƙar da aka yi wa murmushi" | 3:06 |
| 9. | "Ƙarshen" | 3:02 |
| 10. | "An kwantar da hankali" | 2:49 |
| 11. | "Kada Ka Bar Ni Ni Ni Ni kaɗai a Nan" | 3:33 |
| 12. | "Kwararrun sun yi amfani da su" | 2:22 |
| 13. | "Olugendo Lw'e Bulaya" | 5:54 |
| 14. | "Yaran da aka samu" | 1:57 |
| 15. | "Icyibo" | 0:49 |
| Cikakken tsawon: | 49:25 | |
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Burr, Ty (7 January 2005). "Hotel Rwanda Movie Review: Cheadle brings quiet power to 'Rwanda'". Boston Globe. Archived from the original on April 30, 2008. Retrieved 9 April 2007.
- ↑ "The 77th Academy Awards | 2005". Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (in Turanci). 5 October 2014. Archived from the original on 1 October 2015. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
- ↑ Stefan Lovgren (9 December 2004). "'Hotel Rwanda' Portrays Hero Who Fought Genocide". National Geographic News. Archived from the original on September 8, 2017. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
- ↑ Gonzalez, Ed (6 May 2005). "Shake Hands With the Devil: The Journey of Roméo Dallaire". Slant Magazine. Retrieved 2 October 2014.
- ↑ "United Nations welcomes establishment of international fund for Rwanda". United Nations. 4 April 2005. Archived from the original on March 17, 2014. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
- ↑ "United Nations Foundation Overview" (PDF). United Nations Foundation. Retrieved 18 June 2010.
- ↑ "Hotel Rwanda (2004)". Yahoo! Movies. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved 2 October 2014.
- ↑ "Original Soundtrack Hotel Rwanda". AllMusic. Retrieved 2 October 2014.