Otto Fenichel

Otto Fenichel
Rayuwa
Haihuwa	Vienna, 2 Disamba 1897
ƙasa	Austriya
Mutuwa	Los Angeles, 22 ga Janairu, 1946
Ƴan uwa
Abokiyar zama	Hanna Fenichel (mul)
Yara	view Hanna Fenichel Pitkin (en)
Karatu
Makaranta	Universität Wien (mul)
Harsuna	Turanci Jamusanci
Ɗalibai	view Theodor Dosuzkov (en)
Sana'a
Sana'a	psychiatrist (en) da psychoanalyst (en)
Mamba	Vienna Psychoanalytic Society (en) German Psychoanalytical Society (en) American Psychoanalytic Association (en)

Alaƙa tsakanin ilimi da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam

Otto Fenichel ya fara karatun likitanci a shekarar 1915 a Vienna. Tun yana ƙarami, lokacin da yake makaranta, ya sha'awar da'irar masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da ke kewaye da Freud . A shekarun 1915 da 1919, ya halarci laccoci daga Freud, kuma tun daga shekarar 1920, yana da shekaru 23, ya zama memba na ƙungiyar nazarin halayyar ɗan adam ta Vienna

A shekarar 1922, Fenichel ya ƙaura zuwa Berlin. A lokacin da yake Berlin, har zuwa 1934, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar masu nazarin halayyar gurguzu da/ko Marxist (tare da Siegfried Bernfeld, Erich Fromm, Wilhelm Reich, Ernst Simmel, Frances Deri da sauransu). Bayan hijirarsa - 1934 zuwa Oslo, 1935 zuwa Prague, 1938 zuwa Los Angeles - ya shirya hulɗa tsakanin masu nazarin halayyar Marxist da suka warwatse a duniya ta hanyar manyan wasiƙun labarai na sirri ("Rundbriefe").

Ana iya ƙidaya waɗannan Rundbriefe a cikin muhimman takardu da suka shafi tarihin matsalar nazarin halayyar ɗan adam tsakanin 1934 da 1945, musamman dangane da matsalar korar Wilhelm Reich daga Ƙungiyar Nazarin Halin Dan Adam ta Duniya a 1934. A Los Angeles, Fenichel ya shiga da'irar nazarin halayyar ɗan adam da ke akwai kuma daga baya ya taimaka wajen kafa Ƙungiyar Nazarin Halin Dan Adam ta Los Angeles da Cibiyar . A Los Angeles, marasa lafiyarsa da ke horo don zama masu nazarin halayyar ɗan adam sun haɗa da Ralph Greenson .

Rubuce-rubuce

Fenichel marubuci ne mai hazaka a fannin nazarin halayyar ɗan adam, kuma ya buga labarai kusan arba'in tsakanin "Introjektion und Kastrationkomplex" (1925) da "Neurotic Acting Out" (1945). Daga cikin wasu fannoni da ya bayar da gudummawa a kai akwai jima'i tsakanin mata, jin nasara, da kuma abubuwan da suka faru a cikin hadaddun Oedipus . Ya kuma buga wani littafi mai tasiri na fasaha, Matsalolin Fasahar Ilimin Halin Dan Adam (1939).

Takardu uku na tsakanin yaƙi kan jima'i tsakanin mata, sun jawo hankalin Freud: ya rubuta game da na farko cewa "Fenichel (1930) ya jaddada wahalar gane a cikin kayan da aka samar a cikin bincike waɗanne sassansa ke wakiltar abubuwan da ba su canza ba na matakin kafin Oedipus da kuma waɗanne sassa ne aka gurbata ta hanyar komawa baya" . Labarinsa na 1936 kan daidaiton alama na Girl da Phallus daga baya ya zama abin ƙaddamarwa ga Jacques Lacan .

A cikin kasidarsa ta 1939 mai suna "Trophy and Triumph", Fenichel ya nuna cewa jin nasarar "yana haifar da kawar da damuwa da hanawa ta hanyar lashe kofi", amma ya ƙara da cewa a matsayin "kofin wani abu ne da ya samo asali daga super-ego tunda alama ce ta ikon iyaye [...] yana barazana ga girman kai kamar yadda super-ego ke barazana ga girman kai" .

Dangane da aikinsa, da kuma gudummawar takwarorinsa da magabatansa, Fenichel ya samar da littafinsa na ƙamus na 1945: "Ga ɗalibai da ƙwararru marasa adadi, Fenichel yana da alaƙa da Ka'idar Ilimin Halayyar Jijiyoyin Jijiyoyi ; kuma ana ɗaukar wannan rubutun a matsayin daidai da ingantaccen ilimin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam." Duk da haka, aikin bai kasance mai jayayya ba, yana ƙalubalantar wasu binciken Melanie Klein, neo-Freudians da yawancin ayyukan Franz Alexander, da kuma nuna ci gaba da alaƙar Marxist ta Fenichel.

Suka

Harold Bloom ya kira Fenichel "masanin ilimin falsafa mai zurfi na Freudian psychodynamics", amma ainihin ɓangaren ilimin falsafa na aikinsa ne ya jawo suka ga Lacan .

Da yake kwatanta aikin Fenichel da "ƙididdigar nau'in 'babban magudanar ruwa'," ya yi jayayya kan bambanci tsakanin kundin fassarorin da suka gabata, da kuma ainihin aikin nemo fassarar da ke canzawa a cikin ainihin zaman. Ya kuma soki yadda Fenichel ya yi amfani da matakan ci gaba na halitta a cikin rubutunsa; yayin da wasu suka ga Fenichel yana sauƙaƙa labaransa na neurosis ta hanyar rarrabuwar kawuna.

Kodayake Fenichel da kansa ya yi gargadi tun daga farkon littafinsa cewa yana ba da misalai masu ban sha'awa ne kawai, ba tarihin shari'a ba, yana iya ba da gudummawa ba tare da saninsa ba ga mummunar ƙoƙarin yin tunani, ba bi da koyo daga, tsarin nazari.

Ayyukan da aka buga

• Otto Fenichel: Nazarin Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam a Matsayin Tsarin Ilimin Halayyar Dangantaka ta Zamani da Materialistic na Gaba (1934). A cikin: American Imago, Vol. 24. (1967), shafi na 1. 290–311
• Otto Fenichel: Ka'idar Nazarin Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Neurosis . 3 vols, 1945
• Otto Fenichel: 119 Rundbriefe . Hg. Johannes Reichmayr da Elke Mühlleitner, 2 Bände, Frankfurt: Stroemfeld 1998
• Otto Fenichel da sauransu, Takardun da aka Tara na Otto Fenichel (1987)

Duba kuma

• Apprentice complex
• Counterphobic attitude
• Healthy narcissism
• Narcissistic rage and narcissistic injury
• Narcissistic supply
• Wilhelm Reich