Ottobah Cugoano
 Ottobah Cugoano | |
|---|---|
_(cropped).jpg) | |
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | Ajumako, 1757 |
| Mazauni |
Schomberg House (en)  |
| Mutuwa | 1791 |
| Karatu | |
| Harsuna | Turanci |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
marubuci, domestic worker (en) da abolitionist (en) |
| Muhimman ayyuka |
Thoughts And Sentiments On The Evil & Wicked Traffic Of The Slavery & Commerce Of The Human Species (en) |
| Mamba | Ƴaƴan Afirka |
Sanannen aiki Tunani da Hankali a kan Mugunta da Muguwar Traffic na Bauta da Kasuwancin nau'ikan Dan Adam (1787) Ottobah Cugoano (c. 1757 – c. 1791), kuma aka sani da John Stuart, ɗan kawarwa ɗan Biritaniya ne kuma mai fafutuka wanda aka haifa a Gold Coast (Gana ta yau). An sayar da shi cikin bauta yana ɗan shekara goma sha uku kuma aka tura shi Grenada a yammacin Indies. A cikin 1772, wani ɗan kasuwa ya saya shi wanda ya kai shi Ingila, inda Cugoano ya koyi karatu da rubutu, kuma ya sami 'yanci. A ƙarshe, ya fara aiki ga masu fasaha Richard da Maria Cosway, inda ya saba da wasu fitattun ƴan siyasa da al'adu na Biritaniya a sakamakon haka. Ya shiga cikin 'Ya'yan Afirka, ƙungiyar masu kawar da Baƙar fata a Biritaniya, kuma ya mutu a wani lokaci bayan 1791.,[1] [2]
Rayuwar farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haife shi Quobna Ottobah Cugoano[a] a cikin 1757 a Agimaque (Ajumako) a cikin Gold Coast (Gana ta yau).[3]"[4] ] haife shi a cikin dangin Fante[5] kuma danginsa suna kusa da sarkin yankin.[6]
Lokacin da yake da shekaru 13, an sace Cugoano tare da gungun yara, an sayar da shi cikin bauta kuma aka ɗauke shi daga Cape Coast a kan jirgin bayi zuwa Grenada.[7] [8] Ya yi aiki a kan shuka a cikin Ƙananan Antilles har sai da Alexander Campbell, mai shukar Scotland, ya saya shi a cikin 1772, wanda ya kai shi cikin gidansa. A ƙarshen 1772, Campbell ya kai shi ziyara a Ingila inda Cugoano ya sami 'yanci.[9] Ana tsammanin zai iya ƙarfafa shi don samun 'yanci ta fito ne daga muhimmin shari'ar Somerset v Stewart, wanda ya shafi James Somerset wanda ya tsere daga bauta, wanda a cikin Yuni 1772 ya ƙalubalanci tushen shari'a na bauta a Ingila da Wales.[10]
A ranar 20 ga Agusta 1773, Cugoano ya yi baftisma a Cocin St James, Piccadilly, a matsayin "John Stuart - Baƙar fata, mai shekaru 16".,,[11]
Dauka aiki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Richard da Maria Cosway, da Ottobah Cugoano (1784), na Richard Cosway A cikin 1784, masu fasaha Richard Cosway da matarsa, Maria sun ɗauke Cugoano aiki a matsayin bawa.[12] Ta hanyar Cosways, ya zo ga hankalin jagororin siyasa da al'adun Burtaniya na lokacin, ciki har da mawaki William Blake da Yariman Wales.[13] Tare da Olaudah Equiano da sauran ’yan Afirka masu ilimi da ke zaune a Biritaniya, Cugoano ya zama mai himma a cikin ’ya’yan Afirka, ƙungiyar kawar da kai wadda mambobinta sukan rubuta akai-akai zuwa jaridu na lokacin, suna yin Allah wadai da aikin bauta. [14] Taken shafi na Tunani da Hankali a kan Mugunta da Muguwar Ciniki ta Bauta da Kasuwancin nau'ikan Dan Adam (1787) A cikin 1786, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin lamarin Henry Demane, wani baƙar fata da aka sace wanda za a mayar da shi zuwa yammacin Indies. Cugoano ya tuntubi Granville Sharp, sanannen mai kashewa, wanda ya sami damar cire Demane daga cikin jirgin kafin ya tashi.[15] ][16]
A cikin 1787, mai yiwuwa tare da taimakon abokinsa Olaudah Equiano, Cugoano ya buga wani aikin kawarwa mai suna tunani da ra'ayi akan mugayen fataucin bayi da kasuwancin bil'adama (1787). A yanzu Kirista ne mai kishin addini, akidar addinin Cugoano ce ta sanar da aikinsa, kuma ya yi amfani da muhawara game da Kiristanci da tattalin arzikin duniya da siyasa don wannan dalili. Aikin ya yi kira da a kawar da bauta da kuma ‘yantar da duk wanda ake bauta cikin gaggawa[17] yana mai cewa aikin wanda aka yi bauta shi ne ya kubuta daga bauta, kuma ya kamata a yi amfani da karfi don hana ci gaba da bautar. Cugoano ya sadaukar da shafuka ga nasa na farko-farko, yana kwatanta yadda ’yan kasuwa bayi na Afirka suka ci amanar shi da suka sayar da shi da sauran yara ga ’yan kasuwa na Turai. A bayyane ya tuna ainihin kimarsa, daidai da na bindiga, zane da wani gubar. Aikin ya shahara sosai, ana sake buga shi sau uku kuma an fassara shi zuwa Faransanci[18]
An aika aikin zuwa ga fitattun jiga-jigan siyasar Burtaniya irin su George III, Yariman Wales da Edmund Burke.[19] An buga ɗan gajeren sigar aikin a cikin 1791, tare da masu biyan kuɗi ciki har da fitattun masu fasaha irin su Cosway, Joshua Reynolds, James Northcote da Joseph Nollekens, “yana nuna goyon bayansu ga manufar Cugoano”.[20] A cikin taƙaitaccen aikin, wanda aka yi wa "'ya'yan Afirka", Cugoano ya nuna goyon baya ga kokarin da ake yi na kafa mulkin mallaka a Saliyo don "Malakawa Baƙar fata" na London (mafi yawan 'yantar da bayin Amurkawa na Afirka waɗanda aka koma London bayan yakin juyin juya halin Amurka; sauran mazaunan farko sune Nova Scotian Settlers, wato Black Loyalists Tunawa da juna A cikin Nuwamba 2020, an buɗe wani allo mai shuɗi na Ingilishi wanda ke girmama Cugoano akan Gidan Schomberg a Pall Mall, London, inda ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki tare da Cosways daga 1784 zuwa 1791.[[21] [22] [23] [24] [25] A ranar 20 ga Agusta 2023, Cocin St James's, Piccadilly, ya keɓe sabon allo don girmama bikin cika shekaru 250 na baftismar Cugoano a cikin 1773, kwanan wata kaɗai da aka rubuta a rayuwarsa.[26] James's kuma ya ba da izini ga mai fasaha na tushen Trinidad Che Lovelace don ƙirƙirar sabon zane don tunawa da bikin baftisma na Cugoano, wanda za a girka a ƙofar coci a ranar 20 ga Satumba 2023 - zane na farko na dindindin wanda Cocin St James ya ba da izini, da kuma na farko a ko'ina cikin duniya don tunawa da Cugoano.[27]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ ]Bogues, Anthony (2003). Black Heretics, Black Prophets: Radical Political Intellectuals,
- ↑ "Creolizing Natural Liberty: Transnational Obligation in the Thought of Ottobah Cugoano"
- ↑ "The British Library has a copy of the 1791 edition [of Cugoano's book] in which the author's name is printed at the end as 'Quobna Ottobah Cugoano'. Ray A Kea, A Cultural and Social History of Ghana from the Seventeenth to the Nineteenth Century, Lewiston, NY, 2012, notes that the modern version of 'Quobna' would be 'Kwabena', meaning 'born on Tuesday', and 'Ottobah' meant 'second-born', so he must have had a brother or sister.
- ↑ British Library
- ↑ Gates, Henry Louis
- ↑ Alston, David (2021). Slaves and Highlanders: Silenced Histories of Scotland and the Caribbean. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 53–58. ISBN 9781474427319.
- ↑ "The Sons of Africa"
- ↑ The Signifying Monkey
- ↑ "The Sons of Africa"
- ↑ ."Ottobah Cugoano: A powerful critic of slavery"
- ↑ "Quobna Ottobah Cugoano"
- ↑ , Jessica (28 July 2021). "The Sons of Africa". Historic UK. Retrieved 20 February 2025
- ↑ , Jessica (28 July 2021). "The Sons of Africa". Historic UK. Retrieved 20 February 2025
- ↑ "'Forgotten' figure of black British history to be honoured in central London church"
- ↑ Harris, Jennifer (2003). "Quobna Ottobah Cugoano". Dictionary of Literary Biography Yearbook: 2002. Detroit, MI: Gale Research
- ↑ , Jessica (28 July 2021). "The Sons of Africa". Historic UK. Retrieved 20 February 2025
- ↑ "The Sons of Africa"
- ↑ "The Sons of Africa"
- ↑ Staying Power: The History of Black People in Britain
- ↑ "Richard Cosway RA (1742? - 1821)"
- ↑ "Blue plaque for anti-slavery campaigner Ottobah Cugoano"
- ↑ "Blue Plaques | Cugoano, Ottobah Cugoano (born 1757)"
- ↑ The New York Times
- ↑ "Blue Plaques | Cugoano, Ottobah Cugoano (born 1757)"
- ↑ "St James's Church Piccadilly to commemorate forgotten figure in history of Black Britain"
- ↑ "Piccadilly: Church commemorates forgotten black history figure"
- ↑ "Quobna Cugoano: London church honours Ghanaian-born freed slave and abolitionist"