Pacoima, Los Angeles
Pacoima ( Tataviam : Pakoinga, ma'ana "ƙofar shiga") [1] [2] [3] unguwa ce a arewa maso gabashin kwarin San Fernando, a cikin birnin Los Angeles, California . Tana ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin unguwannin a kwarin San Fernando.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Har zuwa 1848
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Mutanen Fernandeño-Tongva da Tataviam ne suka fara zama a yankin, wato Kabilun Indiyawan California, waɗanda yanzu ake kira Tataviam Band of Mission Indians. [4] [5] Sunan asali na ƙauyen 'yan asalin Amurka a wannan yanki a zahiri shine Pakoinga ko Pakɨynga a cikin Fernandeño, amma tunda sautin "ng" (mai sautin velar nasal ) bai wanzu a cikin Sifaniyanci ba, 'yan Spain sun yi kuskuren ɗaukar sautin a matsayin "m" kuma sun rubuta sunan a matsayin Pacoima, kamar yadda ake gani a yau. [6]
Tarihin rubuce-rubucen Pacoima ya samo asali ne tun daga shekarar 1769 lokacin da 'yan Spain suka shiga kwarin San Fernando. [1] A shekara ta 1771, an kafa Ofishin Jakadancin San Fernando Rey da ke kusa, inda 'yan asalin Amurka suka gina lambuna don aikin a yankin. [2] Sun zauna a wurin aikin da ke aiki a kan lambunan da, cikin 'yan shekaru, suka shimfiɗa a kan mafi yawan kwarin.
Gwamnatin Mexico ta mayar da filayen mishan marasa addini a shekarar 1834 ta hanyar ɗauke su daga cocin. Gwamnan California na farko, Pio Pico, ya ba wa Andrés Pico, ɗan'uwansa hayar filayen. A shekarar 1845, Pio Pico ya sayar da dukkan kwarin San Fernando ga Don Eulogio de Celis kan dala 14,000 don tara kuɗi don yaƙin da ke tsakanin Mexico da Amurka, wanda aka cimma yarjejeniya a Campo de Cahuenga a shekarar 1845, da kuma yarjejeniyar Guadalupe Hidalgo a shekarar 1848. Yankin Pacoima ya zama gonakin tumaki da gonakin alkama. [7]
Gari
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A shekarar 1873, Sanata Charles Maclay na Santa Clara ya sayi 56,000 acres (230 km2) a arewacin kwarin San Fernando kusa da Ofishin Jakadancin San Fernando kuma a cikin 1887, Jouett Allen ya sayi 1,000 acres (400 ha) na fili tsakanin Pacoima Wash da Tujunga Wash. Filayen da ya saya daga Kamfanin Ruwa na Maclay Rancho ne, wanda ya kwace kadarorin Sanata Charles Maclay a kwarin. Allen ya riƙe 500 acres (200 ha) don kansa kuma ya raba sauran a cikin 1 acre (4,000 m2) wuraren taruwa. Daga nan ne aka haifi garin Pacoima. [7] Iyakokin yankin na asali sune Titin Paxton a arewa, Titin Herrick a gabas, Titin Pierce a kudu, da Titin San Fernando a yamma. [8]
An gina garin daidai da sabuwar tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Kudancin Pacific. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan an kafa layin dogo, Jirgin Ƙasa na Kudancin Pacific ya zaɓi wurin don babban tashar fasinjoji ta bulo, wadda aka ɗauka a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyau a layinsu. Ba da daɗewa ba manyan gidaje masu faɗi da tsada masu hawa biyu suka bayyana, yayin da masu tsara gine-gine na farko suka kafa ƙa'idojin gini a kan duk wani abu da ba shi da sauƙi. An shimfida hanyoyin siminti na farko da tituna kuma za su kasance su kaɗai a cikin kwarin San Fernando tsawon shekaru da yawa. [7]
A shekarar 1888, babban titin garin, 100 ft (30 m) faɗi da 8 mi (13 km)an shimfida shi a tsakiyar yankin. An fara sanya wa titin suna Taylor Avenue bayan Shugaba Taylor; daga baya aka sake masa suna Pershing Street. A yau ana kiransa da Van Nuys Boulevard. An kafa dokokin gini, wanda bukaci gidajen da aka gina su kashe akalla dala $2,000. Takardar mallakar fili ta ƙunshi sashe cewa idan aka sayar da giya a wannan kadarar, za a mayar da ita ga Jouett Allen ko magadansa. [7]
Amma kamar tashar jirgin ƙasa, babban otal, babban ginin makaranta mai hawa biyu da kuma gine-ginen kasuwanci da yawa, yawancinsu sun lalace cikin 'yan shekaru yayin da kwanakin bunƙasa suka ragu. Majagaba na farko sun ƙi kula da masana'antu, wanda daga ƙarshe ya sa mutanen suka ƙaura daga unguwar da suka kafa don kafa sabbin gidaje kusa da wurin aikinsu kuma Pacoima ta koma ga asalin karkararta, noma. [7]
A shekarar 1916, an kafa ƙungiyar kasuwanci ta Pacoima wadda aka fi sani da Pacoima Chamber of Farmers. Tsawon shekaru da yawa, ƙasar mai albarka tana samar da amfanin gona mai yawa na zaitun, peaches, apricots, lemu da lemun tsami. Buɗe bututun ruwa na Los Angeles ya kawo sabon wadataccen ruwa a yankin. Tare da sabon wadataccen ruwa, adadin gonakin inabi, gonaki da wuraren kiwon kaji ya ƙaru sosai kuma an fara ƙara yawan dawakai masu kyau. [7]
- ↑ "Short list of Fernandeño Tataviam words". Fernandeño Tataviam Band of Mission Indians | Language. Archived from the original on August 12, 2017.
- ↑ "Pacoima historian tells the tale of America through the lens of her hometown". Daily News (in Turanci). 2019-12-24. Retrieved 2023-12-07.
- ↑ "History of Pacoima". pacoima-history (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-12-07.
- ↑ "Short list of Fernandeño Tataviam words". Fernandeño Tataviam Band of Mission Indians | Language. Archived from the original on August 12, 2017.
- ↑ "Pacoima historian tells the tale of America through the lens of her hometown". Daily News (in Turanci). 2019-12-24. Retrieved 2023-12-07.
- ↑ "History of Pacoima". pacoima-history (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-12-07.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 "Pacoima's History". Pacoima Chamber of Commerce. Archived from the original on November 29, 2013.
- ↑ "Short list of Fernandeño Tataviam words". Fernandeño Tataviam Band of Mission Indians | Language. Archived from the original on August 12, 2017.