Palaeo-Arabic

Palaeo-Arabic
Dangin harshen	Harsunan Afirka da Asiya; Semitic (en) ; Larabci; Palaeo-Arabic; ; ; ;
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	–

Paleo-Larabci (ko Palaeo-Larabci, wanda a baya ake kiransa da larabci kafin zuwan musulunci ko kuma tsohon Larabci [1] [1] ) rubutun jahiliyya ne da ake amfani da shi wajen rubuta Larabci . An fara amfani da shi a karni na biyar, lokacin da ya gaji rubutun Nabataeo-Larabci na farko, kuma ana amfani da shi har zuwa farkon karni na bakwai, lokacin da aka daidaita rubutun Larabci a zamanin Musulunci. [1] [1] [1]

Shaida don amfani da Paleo-Larabci an taɓa keɓance shi a Siriya da Jordan . A cikin 'yan shekarun nan , An gano rubutun Paleo-Larabci a ko'ina cikin yankin Larabawa da suka haɗa da: Kudancin Larabawa ( rubutun Hima na Kirista ), ^[1] kusa da Taif a cikin Hejaz ^[2] da kuma a yankin Tabuk na arewa maso yammacin Saudi Arabia . ^[3]

Yawancin rubutun Paleo-Larabci Kiristoci ne suka rubuta, kamar yadda aka nuna ta ƙamus, sunan marubucin sa hannu, ko ta rubutun / zane na giciye da ke hade da rubutun. ^[4]

Kalmar "Paleo-Larabci" Kirista Robin ne ya fara amfani da shi a cikin sigar kalmar Faransanci "paléo-arabe". ^[5]

Rabewa

Paleo-Larabci yana nufin rubutun Larabci a cikin ƙarni kafin daidaita Larabci da aka yi a zamanin Musulunci. Kamar yadda Ahmad Al-Jallad da Hythem Sidky suka ce, ana iya bambanta Paleo-Larabci daga rubutun da ke faruwa a bayan lokaci ta hanyar wasu siffofi na al’ada da suka hada da: ^[6]

Wawation (Ƙarin wani abu mai kama da <i id="mwVg">waw</i> (و) zuwa ƙarshen sunaye)
Amfani da Arameograms, watau burbushin harshen Aramaic na kalmomin Larabci kamar su Aramaic br don Larabci bn ('ɗan') ko Aramaic 'nh don Larabci ' na ('I; ni')
Rashin ʾalifi ( ا ) don wakiltar dogon ā
Harafin sauti na lokaci-lokaci na tabbataccen labarin, watau rubutun ido na al (ال) don daidaita haruffan rana maimakon riƙe <i id="mwag">lam</i> .
Yin amfani da dige-dige lokaci-lokaci don bambance dal (د) daga rē (ر) azaman relic daga rubutun Syriac

Nau'o'i

Sanannun rubuce-rubucen Paleo-Larabci sun shiga ɗaya daga cikin rukuni uku: ^[2]

sauƙaƙan sa hannu ba tare da maganganun ikirari ba
kiraye-kirayen tauhidi
musamman rubutun Kirista

Don haka suna nuni da irin rinjayen da aka samu ta hanyar yaduwar tauhidi a Jahiliyyah daga karni na hudu zuwa na shida a zamanin jahiliyya. ^[2]

Kalmomi

Allah

Rubutun Paleo-Larabci galibi suna nufin "Allah" a matsayin al-ʾilāh ko kuma ta hanyar bambance-bambancen iliminsa, kodayake kalmar Rabb don "Ubangiji" kuma ya bayyana kamar yadda ake gani a cikin rubutun Abd Shams, rubutun Jabal Dabub, da rubutun Ri al-Zallalah . ^[2]

Dabarun gabatarwa

Rubutun Paleo-Larabci na yanzu yana tabbatar da waɗannan dabarun gabatarwa: ^[6]

Kalanda

Rubuce-rubucen Paleo-Larabci da yawa, gami da rubutun Jebel Usays da rubutun Hima Paleo-Larabci yawanci abubuwan da suka faru a zamanin Bostran, wanda farkonsu yayi daidai da shekara ta 106 a kalandar Gregorian . Koyaya, aƙalla ɗaya, rubutun Zabad (wanda aka sani daga Siriya) yana amfani da zamanin Seleucid .

Jerin rubutun Paleo-Larabci

An ba da jerin sanannun rubutun Paleo-Larabci da rubuce-rubuce na yanzu a cikin tebur da rafi na takarda da Ahmad Al-Jallad da Hythem Sidky suka rubuta tare. ^[2]


Suna	Wuri	Yawan rubutu	Kwanan wata	Bugawa
Rubutun Zabad	Zabad, Syria	1	512	^[7]
Jebel Usay rubutu	Jebel Usays, Syria	1	528	^[7]
Harran rubutu	Haran, Syria	1	562	^[7]
Umm al-Jimal Rubutun Paleo-Larabci	Umm el-Jimal, Jordan	1	rashin kwanan wata	^[8]
Rubutun Yazid	Qasar Burqu, Jordan	1	rashin kwanan wata	^[9]
Rubutun Hima Paleo-Larabci	Himma, Saudi Arabia	25	470, 513	^[5]
Ri al-Zallalah inscription	Ri al-Zallalah, Saudi Arabia	1	rashin kwanan wata	^[2]
Babu	Madina, Saudi Arabia	2	rashin kwanan wata	Ba a buga ba amma duba ^[10]
Ummu Burayrah (Abd Shams) rubutun	Northwest Hejaz, Saudi Arabia	9 + 2	rashin kwanan wata	^[3] ^[11]
Dumat al-Jandal inscription	Dumat al-Jandal, Saudi Arabia	2	548	^[8] ^[12]

Manazarta

ambato

↑ Fisher 2020.
1 2 3 4 5 6 Al-Jallad & Sidky 2021.
1 2 Alhatlani & Al-Otibi 2023.
↑ Alhatlani & Al-Manaser 2024.
1 2 Robin, al-Ghabbān & al-Saʿīd 2014.
1 2 Al-Jallad & Sidky 2024.
1 2 3 Fiema et al. 2015.
1 2 Nehmé et al. 2018.
↑ al-Shdaifat et al. 2017.
↑ Lindstedt 2023.
↑ https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Stages-in-the-development-of-wawation_fig1_367852828
↑ Nehmé 2017.

[FOOTNOTEFisher2020-1] Fisher 2020.

[FOOTNOTEAl-JalladSidky2021-2] 1 2 3 4 5 6 Al-Jallad & Sidky 2021.

[FOOTNOTEAlhatlaniAl-Otibi2023-3] 1 2 Alhatlani & Al-Otibi 2023.

[FOOTNOTEAlhatlaniAl-Manaser2024-4] Alhatlani & Al-Manaser 2024.

[FOOTNOTERobinal-Ghabbānal-Saʿīd2014-5] 1 2 Robin, al-Ghabbān & al-Saʿīd 2014.

[FOOTNOTEAl-JalladSidky2024-6] 1 2 Al-Jallad & Sidky 2024.

[FOOTNOTEFiemaAl-JalladMacDonaldNehmé2015-7] 1 2 3 Fiema et al. 2015.

[FOOTNOTENehméBriquel-ChatonnetDesreumauxAl-Ghabban2018-8] 1 2 Nehmé et al. 2018.

[FOOTNOTEal-ShdaifatAl-Jalladal-SalameenHarahsheh2017-9] -Shdaifat et al. 2017.

[FOOTNOTELindstedt2023-10] Lindstedt 2023.

[11] ttps://www.researchgate.net/figure/Stages-in-the-development-of-wawation_fig1_367852828

[FOOTNOTENehmé2017-12] Nehmé 2017.

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