Palenquero
| Palenquero | |
|---|---|
'Yan asalin magana | 2,788 (2005) |
| |
| Baƙaƙen boko | |
| Lamban rijistar harshe | |
| ISO 639-3 |
pln |
| Glottolog |
pale1260[1] |
 | |
'Palenque' (wani lokacin ana rubuta shi Palenkero) ko Palenque (Palenquero: Lengua) yare ne na Mutanen Espanya wanda ake magana a Colombia . An yi imanin cewa cakuda ne na Kikongo ( da ake magana a kasashen Afirka ta Tsakiya na yanzu na Angola, Gabon, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, Jamhuriyar Kongo) da Mutanen Espanya. Koyaya, babu isasshen shaida don nuna cewa Palenquero shine ainihin sakamakon hulɗa na harsuna biyu. Hakanan yana iya shawo kan abubuwa na yarukan asali na gida.[2]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An kafa Palenquero ne daga Karni na 17 tare da narkewar Harshen Mutanen Espanya da karuwar ayyukan maroon.[3] Rubuce-rubucen da ke akwai daga zamanin cinikin bayi na Cartagena suna nuna alamar da Palenquero ya samo asali. Kamar yadda aka kwatanta a cikin rubutun ethnographic na De Instauranda Aethiopum Salute (1627), firist Alonso de Sandoval yana nufin 'cin hanci da rashawa na harshenmu na Mutanen Espanya' wanda aka saba Maruna tsakanin bayi na Afirka.[3] Asalin Palenquero ba a bayyane yake ba; ba a ambaci shi a bugawa ba har zuwa 1772. [3]
Palenque na San Basilio
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Palenque de San Basilio ko San Basilio na Palenque ƙauyen ne wanda Palenquero ya samo asali kuma inda aka fi magana da shi a ƙarni na 21.
An kafa ƙauyen ne a farkon karni na 17 zuwa kudancin Cartagena ta hanyar bayi masu gudu waɗanda suka tsere daga gundumomin da ke kewaye, a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Benkos Biohó . [4] Rushewar harshen Mutanen Espanya ya kara tsanantawa yayin da Maroons suka zauna a yankuna masu garu. Palenqueros sun ci gaba da nisantarsu ta jiki daga kabilun Turai a matsayin nau'i na adawa da mulkin mallaka amma mai yiwuwa sun yi aure da 'yan asalin mata. Sun haɓaka yaren Creole wanda ya dogara da yarensu na Afirka da Mutanen Espanya.
A farkon karni na 20, an lura da mazaunan wannan yanki kamar yadda suke da harsuna biyu a duka Palenquero da Mutanen Espanya. Wani takarda na 1913 ya lura cewa mazaunan Palenque de San Basilio suna da 'harshe na ciki wanda wasu suka yi imanin cewa shi ne ainihin harshen Afirka, idan ba a cikin dukan tsarkakarsa ba aƙalla yaren da wasu bambance-bambance'.[5]
Kusan shekaru ashirin a cikin karni na 21, an rarraba Palenquero a matsayin harshen da ke cikin haɗari. Kodayake ana magana da shi a layi daya da Mutanen Espanya, ƙarshen ya mamaye aikin harshe na yau da kullun na Palenque de San Basilio. Kimanin kashi 53% na mazauna ba su iya magana da Palenquero ba.
manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Palenquero". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ Parkvall, Mikael; Jacobs, Bart (2020). "Palenquero Origins: A Tale of More than Two Languages". Diachronica (in Turanci). 37 (4): 540–576. doi:10.1075/dia.19019.par. S2CID 225778990.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Dieck, Marianne (2011). "La época de formación de la lengua de Palenque: Datos históricos y lingüísticos" [The Formation Period of the Palenquero Language]. Forma y Función (in Sifaniyanci). 24 (1): 11–24. OCLC 859491443.
- ↑ Bickerton, Derek; Escalante, Aquilas (January 1970). "Palenquero: A Spanish-based creole of northern Colombia". Lingua. 24: 254–267. doi:10.1016/0024-3841(70)90080-x. ISSN 0024-3841.
- ↑ Lipski, John (2018). "Palenquero vs. Spanish negation: Separate but equal?". Lingua. 202: 44–57. doi:10.1016/j.lingua.2017.12.007. ISSN 0024-3841.