Patraeus (birni)
Patraeus (Girkanci na dā: , kuma Patraios, Patrasys, Patrasus, Patrey) tsohuwar mulkin mallaka ce ta Bahar Maliya ta Girka, gabashin Strait of Kerch a Taman Bay, kimanin kilomita daya a yammacin ƙauyen Rasha na Garkusha . Miletus ne ya kafa mulkin mallaka a kusan 550 KZ. Abubuwan da aka tono sun nuna cewa yanki ne na noma.
Scylax na Caryanda, Hecataeus na Miletus, Strabo (Geographica, 11.2.8) da Stephanus na Byzantium sun ambaci Patraeus. A zamanin yau an fara binciken shafin ne a 1853. Bayan binciken archaeological na farko a 1928, an gudanar da bincike na tsari a cikin shekaru da yawa tun daga 1948. [1]
Kafin zuwan Milesians, akwai wani yanki na zamani na Bronze na Sabatinovka-Rotbav-Noua Culture. Kusan 438 KZ birnin ya shiga Delian League; 'yan shekaru goma daga baya Masarautar Bosporan ta ci nasara a karkashin sarkinta Satyrus I. A cikin karni na 4 zuwa 2 KZ Patraeus ya kai mafi girman wadata. Birnin, akalla hekta 50 a mafi girma, a lokacin ya kunshi karamin Upper City wanda ke kewaye da rami, da kuma mafi girma Lower City wanda yanzu yake ƙarƙashin ruwa. An raba filin da ke kewaye da shi zuwa filayen noma da ke auna daga 2.7 zuwa 15 hekta.[1]
A cikin kwata na uku na karni na farko KZ, a ƙarƙashin Sarkin Bosporan Asander, an gina sansani a matsayin wani ɓangare na jere na tsaro na sansani a bakin tekun. A tsakiyar karni na farko AZ an lalata birnin, kuma bayan shekaru hamsin an lalata sansanin. Koyaya, bayanan archaeological sun nuna cewa yawan jama'a sun sake girma a ƙarni na biyu da na uku AZ, suna ba da shaida game da sabuntawar birni, bisa ga samar da ruwan inabi: yawancin ruwan inabi suna daga wannan lokacin, da kuma tukunyar tukwane, mai yiwuwa ana amfani da ita don samar da kwalban ruwan inabi.[1]
A cikin karni na 5 zuwa 7 ƙananan jama'a sun zauna a kan rushewar sansanin. Karni biyu na gaba sun ga wasu farfadowa, sannan raguwa a kusa da 1000 AZ, da kuma sabon farfadowar da ta fara game da 1200 AZ, lokacin da babban ƙauyen karkara ya ci gaba wanda ya ci gaba har zuwa karni na 18.[1]
Daga cikin abubuwan da aka gano cewa binciken ya tono, akwai tsabar kudi da yawa, kayan ado, rubuce-rubuce, tukwane, da kayan aiki.[1] Wani abu mai ban sha'awa da aka gano shi ne wasika a cikin nau'in farantin gubar da aka rubuta, wanda aka samo a cikin 2012 a cikin Lower City da aka nutse. Wasikar ta tattauna tarin basussuka uku, kuma ta kasance daga rabi na biyu na karni na biyar KZ.[2]