Jump to content

Perugia

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.

 

Perugia (/pəˈruːdʒə/ fō-ROO-jə, [1] US kuma /-dʒiə, peɪˈ-/ -⁠jee-ə, pay-; [] i; Latin: Perusia) babban birnin Umbria ne a tsakiyar Italiya, wanda Kogin Tiber ya haye. Birnin yana kusa da kilomita 164 kilometres (102 mi) (102 arewacin Roma da kilomita 148 kilometres (92 mi) (92 kudu maso gabashin Florence. Ya rufe babban tudu da kuma wani ɓangare na kwarin da ke kewaye da yankin. Tana da mazauna 124,400 a shekarar 2025.it

Tarihin Perugia ya koma zamanin Etruscan; Perugia na ɗaya daga cikin manyan Biranen Etruscan.

Har ila yau, an san birnin a matsayin garin jami'a, tare da Jami'ar Perugia da aka kafa a cikin 1308, Jami'ar Baƙi, da wasu ƙananan kwalejoji kamar Kwalejin Fine Arts "Pietro Vannucci" (Italiyanci: Accademia di Belle Arti "Pietre Vannucci") jama'a da aka kafa ta a cikin 1573, Cibiyar Harshen Harshen Jami'ar perugia don masu fassara da masu fassara, Cibiyar Kiɗa ta Perugia, da sauran cibiyoyin.

Perugia kuma sanannen cibiyar al'adu da fasaha ce ta Italiya. Birnin yana karbar bakuncin bukukuwan shekara-shekara da abubuwan da suka faru, misali, tsohon bikin Yurochocolate (Oktoba), yanzu a Bastia Umbra, bikin Umbria Jazz (Yuli), da kuma Bikin Jarida na Duniya (a watan Afrilu), kuma yana da alaƙa da sanannun mutane da yawa a cikin zane-zane.

Mai zane Pietro Vannucci, wanda ake kira Perugino, ɗan asalin Città della Pieve ne, kusa da Perugia . Ya yi wa Sala del Cambio na gida ado da jerin zane-zane; ana iya ganin Hotuna takwas a cikin National Gallery of Umbria .

Perugino na iya kasancewa malamin Raphael, babban mai zane-zane na Renaissance wanda ya samar da zane-zane biyar a Perugia (a yau ba a cikin birni ba) da kuma fresco ɗaya. Wani mai zane, Pinturicchio, ya zauna a Perugia. Galeazzo Alessi shine sanannen masanin gine-gine daga Perugia . [2]

Alamar birnin ita ce griffin, wanda za'a iya gani a cikin nau'ikan takardu da siffofi a kan gine-gine da ke kewaye da birnin. Har ila yau alama ce ta kulob din kwallon kafa na gida A.C. Perugia, wadanda a baya suka taka leda a Jerin A. Da yake ba su taɓa zama zakarun Italiya ba, kulob din bai ci nasara ba a kakar 1978-79 duk da kammala na biyu a gasar.

Historical population
YearPop.±%
186142,515    
187149,507+16.4%
188150,718+2.4%
190160,822+19.9%
191166,277+9.0%
192172,404+9.2%
193177,352+6.8%
193682,407+6.5%
195195,310+15.7%
1961112,511+18.0%
1971129,921+15.5%
1981142,348+9.6%
1991144,732+1.7%
2001149,125+3.0%
2011162,449+8.9%
2021162,362−0.1%

Umbrians da Etruscans

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Perugia wani yanki ne na Umbrian amma ya Farisa bayyana a cikin tarihin rubuce-rubuce a matsayin Perusia, ɗaya daga cikin biranen 12 na Etruria; [3] an fara ambata shi a cikin asusun Q.Q. Fabius Pictor's, wanda Livy ya yi amfani da shi, na balaguron da Fabius Maximus Rullianus ya yi a kan Etruscan League a cikin 310 ko 309 BC. A wannan lokacin an amince da indutiae (truce) na shekaru talatin; duk da haka, a cikin 295 Perusia ya shiga cikin Yaƙin Samnite na Uku kuma an tilasta shi, tare da Volsinii da Arretium (Arezzo), don neman zaman lafiya a cikin shekara mai zuwa.

Lokacin Romawa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A cikin 216 da 205 KZ, ya taimaka wa Roma a Yaƙin Punic na Biyu, amma daga baya ba a ambaci shi ba har zuwa 41-40 KZ, lokacin da Lucius Antonius ya nemi mafaka a can, kuma Octavian ya ci shi bayan dogon kewaye, kuma sanatocinsa suka mutu. An sami harsasai da yawa da slingers suka yi amfani da su a ciki da kewayen birnin. An ƙone birnin, an gaya mana, ban da haikalin Vulcan da Juno - manyan bangon Etruscan, a dabi'a, da wuya su sha wahala kwata-kwata - kuma garin, tare da yankin na mil, duk wanda ya zaɓa ya ba shi izinin zama. Dole ne a sake gina shi kusan a lokaci guda, saboda akwai tushe da yawa don siffofi, an rubuta Augusto sacr (um) Perusia restituta; amma bai zama colonia ba, har zuwa 251-253 AD, lokacin da aka sake zama a matsayin Colonia Vibia Augusta Perusia, a ƙarƙashin sarki Trebonianus Gallus .

Farkon Zamanin Tsakiya

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ba a ambaci shi ba sai dai daga masu ilimin ƙasa har sai da ita ce kadai birni a Umbria don tsayayya da Totila da Ostrogoths, waɗanda suka kama shi kuma suka rushe birnin a cikin 547, bayan dogon kewaye, a bayyane yake bayan da aka kwashe sojojin Byzantine na birnin. Tattaunawa tare da sojojin da ke kewaye sun fada hannun bishop na birnin, Herculanus, a matsayin wakilin mutanen garin. An ce Totila ya ba da umarnin a kashe bishop din kuma a fille kansa. St. Herculanus (Sant'Ercolano) daga baya ya zama mai kula da birnin.

Zamanin Tsakiya

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A zamanin Lombard, ana magana da Perugia a matsayin ɗayan manyan biranen Tuscia . A cikin karni na 9, tare da yardar Charlemagne da Louis the Pious, ya wuce a ƙarƙashin popes; amma a ƙarni na 11, yankinsa yana tabbatar da kansa, kuma tsawon ƙarni da yawa birnin ya ci gaba da kula da rayuwa mai zaman kanta, yana yaƙi da yawancin ƙasashe da birane makwabta - Foligno, Assisi, Spoleto, Todi, Siena, Arezzo, da dai sauransu. A cikin 1186, Henry VI, rex romanorum da ikon mulkin mallaka na gaba, ya ba da amincewa ga gwamnatin gwamnati ta Garin, bayan haka, Paparoma Innocent III da aka kafa, sanarwa ta mulkin mallaka, wanda ya zama sanarwa, Paparomomin, Paparlema, Paparata, sanarwa, wanda ya kafa babban mulkin mallaka ta mulkin mallaki Stons, wanda ya ba da aka kafa ikon mulkin mallaki, Paparatocin da ya zama sananne, Paparomo ya zama saninsa na birnin; Paparoma, Paparonawa da ya zama babban birnin, Paparoto.

Perugia griffin, a cikin wani takarda na Latin na zamani

A lokatai daban-daban, Paparoma ya sami mafaka daga hargitsin Roma a cikin ganuwarta, kuma ita ce wurin taro na conclaves biyar (Perugia Papacy), ciki har da waɗanda aka zaɓa Honorius III (1216), Clement IV (1265), Celestine V (1294), da Clement V (1305); kasancewar Paparoma ya kasance yana da ka'ida ta kwantar da hankali tsakanin kishiyoyin ciki. Amma Perugia ba ta da hankali kawai don biyan bukatun papal kuma ba ta taɓa karɓar ikon mallakar papal ba; birnin ya yi amfani da ikonsa kan membobin limaman coci, haka kuma a cikin 1282, Perugia ta kori saboda wani sabon harin da sojoji suka kai kan Ghibellines ba tare da la'akari da haramcin Paparoma ba. A gefe guda, gefe da gefe tare da griffin tagulla na karni na 13 na Perugia sama da ƙofar Palazzo dei Priori yana tsaye, a matsayin alama ta Guelphic, zaki, da Perugia sun kasance masu aminci ga mafi yawan ɓangaren jam'iyyar Guelph a cikin gwagwarmayar Guelphs da Ghibellines, amma wannan ya bayyana halin siyasa a Italiya. don ba da ƙima ga ikon Paparoma; a cikin 1319, Perugia ya ayyana Angevin Saint Louis na Toulouse "Mai tsaro na birnin da kuma na Palazzo na gabaninsa"[2] kuma ya sanya siffarsa a cikin sauran tsarkakan majiɓinci sama da wadataccen ƙofar Palazzo dei Priori. Tsakanin karni na 14 Bartholus na Sassoferrato, wanda sanannen masanin shari'a ne, ya tabbatar da cewa Perugia ba ta dogara ga sarki ko goyon bayan papal ba. A cikin 1347, a lokacin da Rienzi ya yi rashin sa'a na kasuwanci don farfado da jamhuriyar Roma, Perugia ta aika da jakadu 10 don girmama shi, kuma lokacin da wakilan fadar Paparoma suka nemi tilasta shi ta hanyar sojojin kasashen waje, ko kuma don ba da gudummawa, sun gamu da tsayin daka, wanda ya shiga yakin bude baki tare da Paparoma Urban V a 1369; a shekara ta 1370, jam'iyyar mai daraja ta cimma yarjejeniya ta rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar Bologna, kuma Perugia ta tilasta karbar takardar izinin Paparoma; duk da haka. Babban magatakarda na Paparoma, Gérard du Puy, Abbot na Marmoutier kuma ɗan'uwan Gregory IX, [3] an kori shi ta hanyar zanga-zangar da aka yi a shekara ta 1375, kuma an lalata katangarsa na Porta Sole a ƙasa.[4].

Sarakunan Perugia

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Biordo Michelotti, Ubangiji na Perugia daga 1393 zuwa 1398
Biordo Michelotti (1393-1398)
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A ranar 5 ga Agusta, 1393, Condottiero (kaftin din sojan haya) Biordo Michelotti, memba na mashahurin bangaren da aka sani da Raspanti, ya yi nasarar shiga Perugia, kuma babban majalisa ya nada shi a matsayin "Knight of the people" na Perugia da kuma "janar kyaftin" na mayakan. Kwamitin na musamman mai mutum ashirin da biyar ne aka dorawa alhakin korar manyan mutane dari da hamsin, yayin da Biordo ya yanke shawarar dawo da manyan mutane wadanda ba a yi la’akari da su da laifin tayar da fitina ba. Daga cikin manyan mutanen da aka yi gudun hijira akwai Braccio da Montone, ɗaya daga cikin ƙwararrun shugabannin soja na lokacin, wanda ya sha alwashin ba zai nemi "wata yarjejeniya ko yarjejeniya da Raspanti na Perugia ba.

Ya kasance daidai da manyan mutanen da ke gudun hijira, musamman Braccio da Montone, rai kuma shugaban ƙungiyar masu daraja a gudun hijira. Gwamnatin Raspanti ta jagoranci kokarin ta bayan rikici na 1393. Da yake riƙe da kusan dukkanin iko, an gane Biordo a matsayin "Ubangiji na farko na Perugia," duk da cewa a lokacin gajeren mulkinsa (1393-1398), ya bar firist ɗin da duk cibiyoyin al'umma da ke akwai, yana mai da hankali ne kawai kan fadada mulkinsa bayan Perugia. Bayan auren da ya yi da Giovanna Orsini, Biordo da amaryarsa sun zauna a fadar Porta Sole, amma a ranar 10 ga Maris, 1398, Biordo ya sha wahala daga wani makirci da Francesco Guidalotti, masanin San Pietro ya shirya. A cikin sabon gidansu, Giovanni da Annibaldo, 'yan uwan abbot na San Pietro sun yi wa Michelotti wuka.

Gian Galeazzo Visconti, Ubangiji na Perugia daga 1400 zuwa 1402
Gian Galeazzo Visconti (1400-1402)
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Mutuwar Michelotti ta cire wani muhimmin batu, kuma ƙungiyoyi sun yi barazanar kwanciyar hankali a ciki da waje da ganuwar. A halin yanzu, ashirin da biyar sun yi aiki tuƙuru don neman wata hukuma da za ta iya kare birnin da kuma rage bashin da ya fi yawa. Bukatar mutane don samun 'yancin kai ba ta da gaggawa, kuma a cikin karni na 15, imani na yau da kullun shine cewa dole ne su yarda da mai mulki ko maigidan da zai iya samar da mafi ƙarancin buƙatu don rayuwa. Zaɓin ya fadi a kan Duchy na Milan, kuma a ranar 21 ga Janairu, 1400, Gian Galeazzo Visconti ya ayyana shi a matsayin ubangijin Perugia ta hanyar mika wuya ga birnin. Don mayar da martani ga wakilan wakilai goma da Perugia ta aiko masa, ya soke bashin Perugians. Sarautarsa ba ta da tsawo, kuma a ranar 3 ga Oktoba, 1402, Visconti ya mutu.

Braccio da Montone

Braccio da Montone (1416-1424)

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A cikin 1408, Ladislao D'Angiò Durazzo, Sarkin Naples, ya yi nasarar kama Perugia kuma ya yi niyya don gudanar da shi ta Braccio Fortebracci.  Koyaya, Braccio yayi adawa da wannan ra'ayin kuma ya ƙi tayin.  Duk da haka, a cikin 1411, Perugia ya mika wuya ga Sarkin Naples, yana son wani baƙo ya yi sarauta maimakon wani mai daraja.  Braccio ya kalli wannan a matsayin babban cin amana da 'yan uwansa suka yi ya gudu.  A cikin Nuwamba 1410, Braccio ya kewaye Perugia amma ya kasa kama shi saboda juriyar birnin.  Ya yi galaba a kan dakarun da ke binsa, ya kuma tsoratar da garuruwan da ke kewaye.  A cikin Afrilu 1416, ya dawo tare da babban sojoji kuma ya kai hari ga Perugia.  Bayan nasara a watan Yuli, Perugia ta mika wuya, wanda ke nuna ƙarshen gwamnatin Raspanti.  Braccio yayi mulki a matsakaici.  A cikin 1417, ya shiga Roma kuma ya yi shelar kansa mai kare birnin, daga baya ya koma Umbria.  Bayan rikice-rikice da nasarorin soja, Paparoma ya nada shi Vicar.  Bayan ya koma Perugia, ya gudanar da ayyukan jama'a.  Ya tafi Bologna, ya koma, ya tafi Calabria.  Lokacin da aka hana shi shiga L'Aquila, ya kewaye shi amma ya fuskanci hamayya daga Paparoma da Sarauniya.  Kungiyar ta kai masa hari a kusa da Pescara a cikin 1424, wanda ya kai ga mutuwarsa.  Daga baya ɗansa ya binne shi a Perugia tare da girmamawa.  A lokacin mulkin Braccio Fortebracci da Montone, an gudanar da ayyuka masu mahimmanci na jama'a, irin su gidan Braccio a cikin filin, wanda kawai loggias ya rage, ko "Sopramuro," wanda Braccio ya sake gina wani tsarin tallafi: "briglie di Braccio."

Renaissance

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Braccio Baglioni, Ubangiji na Perugia daga 1438 zuwa 1479.
Perugia a cikin 1454

A lokacin 1438-1479, dangin Baglioni sun gudanar da ikon ɓoye a kan Perugia, wanda ba a nuna shi da cikakken iko na ikon jama'a ba. Braccio I Baglioni, yana amfani da matsayinsa na kyaftin din 'yan bindiga na Mai Tsarki kuma yana da ɗan'uwan Braccio da Montone, tsohon Ubangiji na Birnin, ya yi tasiri a kan Perugia wanda da sauri ya kafa mafi girmansa. A cikin waɗannan shekarun, cibiyar Umbrian ta sami ci gaba yayin da Baglioni suka aiwatar da manufofin fadadawa da kyawawan birni, gami da gina sabbin hanyoyi da fada.

Pietro Perugino, hoton kansaHoton kai

Tsakanin 1429 da 1433, an faɗaɗa Palazzo dei Priori kuma an gina sabbin majami'u da masallatai masu zaman kansu. Gudanar da Baglioni ya ja hankalin masu zane-zane kamar Piero della Francesca, Pinturicchio, da Raphael, suna mai da Perugia muhimmiyar cibiyar fasaha. A wannan lokacin, Perugia ya zama muhimmiyar cibiyar Renaissance ta Umbrian, wanda aka yi alama da samar da bangarori takwas da ke nuna rayuwar Saint Bernardino, ƙoƙari na hadin gwiwa mai yiwuwa ya haɗa da Pinturicchio, Piermatteo d'Amelia, da saurayi Perugino, da sauransu, wanda aka fi sani da "taller na 1473." [4] Pietro "Perugino" Vannucci ya kirkiro ayyuka da yawa a cikin birni, gami da sake zagayowar frescoes a cikin Hall of Audiences na Collegio del Cambio.

Bugu da ƙari, dangin Baglioni sun ba da umurni da gina babban fadar aristocratic a matsayin mazauninsu na sirri, wanda kawai ɓangaren da aka haɗa cikin Rocca Paolina ya kasance a yau. Domenico Veneziano ne ya yi wa fadar ado tare da zane-zane wanda ke nuna iyalai masu daraja na Perugian da manyan shugabannin soja na baya.

Rocca Paolina, ra'ayi na sansanin soja a cikin zanen karni na 19

Bayan cin zarafin juna na Oddi da iyalan Baglioni, a karshe iko ya kasance a cikin Baglioni, wanda ko da yake ba su da wani matsayi na shari'a, sun yi watsi da duk sauran hukumomi, ko da yake su na jini na cikin gida ya ƙare a kisan kiyashi, 14 Yuli 1500. Gian Paolo Baglioni an yaudare shi zuwa Roma a 1520 kuma Leo ya fille kansa;  kuma a shekara ta 1540, Rodolfo, wanda ya kashe wani shugaban limamin coci, Pier Luigi Farnese ya ci nasara, kuma birnin, wanda sojojinsa suka kama kuma suka yi masa ganima, an hana shi gata.  An gina wani kagara da aka fi sani da Rocca Paolina, bayan sunan Paparoma Paul III, don zanen Antonio da Sangallo the Younger "ad coercendam Perusinorum audaciam."

A cikin Rocca Paolina

A shekara ta 1797, sojojin Faransa sun ci birnin. A ranar 4 ga Fabrairu 1798, an kafa Jamhuriyar Tiberina, tare da Perugia a matsayin babban birni, da kuma tricolour na Faransa a matsayin tutar. A cikin shekara ta 1799, Jamhuriyar Tiberina ta haɗu da Jamhuriyar Roma.

A cikin 1832, 1838, da 1854, girgizar ƙasa ta buge Perugia. Bayan rushewar Jamhuriyar Romawa ta 1848-49, lokacin da aka rushe Rocca a wani bangare, 'yan Austriya sun kwace shi a watan Mayu na shekara ta 1849. A watan Yunin shekara ta 1859, mazauna sun yi tawaye da ikon ɗan lokaci na Paparoma kuma sun kafa gwamnatin wucin gadi, amma sojojin Pius IX sun murkushe tawaye. A watan Satumbar 1860, an haɗa birnin a ƙarshe, tare da sauran Umbria, a matsayin wani ɓangare na Masarautar Italiya. A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, birnin ya sha wahala ne kawai kuma Sojojin Burtaniya na 8 sun sake shi a ranar 20 ga Yuni 1944.[5]

Tattalin Arziki

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Perugia has become famous for chocolate, mostly because of a single firm, Perugina, whose Baci ("kisses" in English) are widely exported. Perugian chocolate is popular in Italy. The company's plant located in San Sisto (Perugia) is the largest of Nestlé's nine sites in Italy.[6] According to the Nestlé USA official website, today Baci is the most famous chocolate brand in Italy.[ana buƙatar hujja][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span>]

Birnin yana karbar bakuncin bikin cakulan, YuroChocolate, a kowace Oktoba.[7]

Yanayin ƙasa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Perugia ita ce babban birnin yankin Umbria . Nisa ta birane daga Perugia: Assisi 19 kilometres (12 mi) km (12 , Siena 102 kilometres (63 mi) , Florence 145 kilometres (90 mi) km (90 , Roma 164 kilometres (102 mi) .

Kodayake Perugia tana cikin tsakiyar Italiya, birnin yana fuskantar Yanayin zafi mai zafi (Köppen climate classification Cfa) mai kama da yawancin Arewacin Italiya saboda wurin da yake ciki da kuma bambancin yanayin tuddai na Umbria. Yawanci, lokacin rani yana da dumi zuwa zafi da zafi, yayin da hunturu yana da sanyi tare da dusar ƙanƙara a wasu lokuta. Yanayin yanayi a wannan yanki yana da bambance-bambance tsakanin highs da low, tare da isasshen ruwan sama a duk shekara.[8]

Perugia da aka gani daga gidan kayan gargajiya na Umbria

Yawan jama'a

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A cikin 2007, akwai mutane 163,287 da ke zaune a cikin biranen Perugia, wanda ke lardin Perugia, Umbria, wanda 47.7% maza ne kuma 52.3% mata ne. Ƙananan yara (yara masu shekaru 18 zuwa ƙasa) sun kai kashi 16.41 na yawan jama'a idan aka kwatanta da masu karbar fansho waɗanda ke da kashi 21.51. Wannan ya kwatanta da matsakaicin Italiya na kashi 18.06 (ƙananan) da kashi 19.94 (masu fansho). Matsakaicin shekarun mazauna Perugia shine 44 idan aka kwatanta da matsakaicin Italiyanci na 42. A cikin shekaru biyar tsakanin 2002 da 2007, yawan mutanen Perugia ya karu da kashi 7.86 cikin ɗari, yayin da Italiya gaba ɗaya ta karu da kashi 3.85 cikin ɗari.

Ya zuwa shekara ta 2006, 90.84% na yawan jama'a Italiyanci ne. Mafi yawan baƙi sun fito ne daga wasu ƙasashen Turai (musamman daga Albania da Romania): 3.93%, Amurka: 2.01%, da Arewacin Afirka: 1.3%. Yawancin mazauna Roman Katolika ne.

Perugia a yau tana da manyan jami'o'i biyu, tsohuwar Università degli Studi (Jami'ar Perugia) da Jami'ar Baƙi (Università per Stranieri). Stranieri tana aiki a matsayin makarantar yaren Italiyanci da al'adu ga ɗalibai daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Sauran cibiyoyin ilimi sune Kwalejin Fine Arts ta Perugia "Pietro Vannucci" (wanda aka kafa a 1573), Cibiyar Nazarin Kiɗa ta Perugia don nazarin kiɗa na gargajiya, da Makarantar watsa shirye-shiryen RAI ta Jarida ta Rediyo-Television . Har ila yau, birnin yana karɓar bakuncin Cibiyar Umbra, shirin jami'a mai amincewa ga ɗaliban Amurka da ke karatu a ƙasashen waje.[9] Jami'ar Sapori (Jami'ar Tastes), cibiyar Ilimi da Horar da Kwarewa ta Kasa, tana cikin birnin.

Commune ya haɗa da frazioni na Bagnaia, Bosco, Capanne, Casa del Diavolo, Castel del Piano, Cenerente, Civitella Benazzone, Civitela d'Arna, Collestrada, Colle Umberto I, Cordigliano, Colombella, Farneto, Ferro di Cavallo, Fontignano, Fratticiola Selvatica, La Bruna, La Cinno, Lidar, Madonna, Monte, Monte Ponte, Ponte, Maganno, Ponte Ponte P Ponte, San Ponte, Monte Monte Ponte, Santa Ponte, Pi Pi Pi Piano, Pontegiano, Poniano, Pato, Ponte Pi Piano Ponte, Mont Mont Mont Montan Ponte, St Stato, Pato Ponte, Mar Marato, P Ponte Pato, San Pato, Pi Piano. Sauran yankuna sune Boneggio, Canneto, Colle della Trinità, Monte Pulito, Montevile, Pieve di Campo, Montemalbe da Monte Morcino .

Collestrada, a yankin unguwar Ponte San Giovanni, ya ga yaƙi tsakanin mazaunan Perugia da Assisi a cikin 1202.

Babban abubuwan da aka gani

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  • Cocin S. Lorenzo
  • Gilashin gilashi na Basilica na San Domenico (1411) a Perugia yana da mita 23 a tsawo da mita 8 a faɗin, yana mai da shi ɗaya daga cikin mafi girma a duniya.
    San Pietro: ƙarshen ƙarni na 16 cocin da masallaci.
  • San Domenico: Cocin Basilica na tsarin Dominican, ginin ya fara ne a 1394 kuma ya gama a 1458. Kafin 1234, wannan shafin yana da kasuwanni da baje kolin dawakai. Tsarin waje wanda aka danganta ga Giovanni Pisano, yayin da Carlo Maderno ya sake yin ado da ciki a cikin salon Baroque. An yanke babban belfry a wani bangare a tsakiyar karni na 16. Gidan ciki yana da kabarin Paparoma Benedict XI mai ban sha'awa da kuma mawaƙa na katako daga zamanin Renaissance. Gilashin gilashi na Basilica na San Domenico yana daya daga cikin manyan a duniya.
  • Sant'Angelo, wanda kuma ake kira San Michele Arcangelo: ƙaramin cocin Paleo-Kirista daga ƙarni na 5 zuwa 6. Ginshiƙai goma sha shida na dā suna tsara tsarin zagaye wanda ke tunatar da cocin Roman na Santo Stefano Rotondo.
  • Sant'Antonio Abate.
  • San Bernardino: cocin da Agostino di Duccio ya yi.
  • San Ercolano: cocin ƙarni na 14 wanda yayi kama da hasumiya mai tsayi. Wannan cocin yana da bene biyu. An rushe bene na sama lokacin da aka gina Rocca Paolina. An ba da kayan ado na ciki na Baroque daga 1607. Babban bagaden yana da sarcophagus da aka samo a cikin 1609.
  • Santa Giuliana: coci da gidan ibada wanda magajin gidan ibada na mata ya kafa a cikin 1253. A cikin shekarunta na baya, cocin ya suna don lalata. Daga baya, sojojin Napoleon sun juya cocin ya zama hatsi. Yanzu, cocin asibitin soja ne. Cocin, tare da nau'i ɗaya, yana ɗauke da alamun frescoes na ƙarni na 13, wanda mai yiwuwa ya yi amfani da shi don rufe dukkan ganuwar. Gidan yana da misali mai ban sha'awa na gine-ginen Cistercian na tsakiyar karni na 14 daga Matteo Gattaponi [it] [it]. Sashe na sama na campanile ya fito ne daga karni na 13.
  • San Bevignate: cocin Templar .
  • Chiesa na San Prospero.
  • Cocin Compagnia della Morte .

Gine-gine na duniya

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  • The Palazzo dei Priori (Town Hall, encompassing the Collegio del Cambio, Collegio della Mercanzia, and Galleria Nazionale), one of Italy's greatest buildings. The Collegio del Cambio has frescoes by Pietro Perugino, while the Collegio della Mercanzia has a fine later 14th century wooden interior.
    • Galleria Nazionale dell'Umbria, the National Gallery of Umbrian art in Middle Ages and Renaissance (it includes works by Duccio, Piero della Francesca, Beato Angelico, Perugino)
  • Fontana Maggiore, a medieval fountain designed by Fra Bevignate and sculpted by Nicola and Giovanni Pisano.
  • Chapel of San Severo, which retains a fresco painted by Raphael and Perugino.
  • the Rocca Paolina, a Renaissance fortress (1540–1543) of which only a bastion today is remaining. The original design was by Antonio and Aristotile da Sangallo, and included the Porta Marzia (3rd century BC), the tower of Gentile Baglioni's house and a medieval cellar.
  • Orto Botanico dell'Università di Perugia, the university's botanical garden
  • Palazzo Donini, the centre of the Regional Council of Region of Umbria.
Hasumiyar Cassero di Porta Sant'Angelo
  1. "Perugia". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
  2. "COMP Italy Internship Programme | About Perugia". www.comp.hkbu.edu.hk. Retrieved 2022-02-23.
  3. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Britannica
  4. "Key to Umbria: Perugia". www.keytoumbria.com. Retrieved 2025-03-04.
  5. "Advance to the Gothic Line". World War II Database. Retrieved 13 May 2014.
  6. "European Industrial Relations Observatory, April 9, 2003". Eurofound.europa.eu. Archived from the original on October 10, 2013. Retrieved 2013-06-08.
  7. Lehndorff, John. "Thousands converge on historic city to celebrate everything chocolate Associated Press, October 21, 2002". Archived from the original on 2012-11-02. Retrieved 2013-06-08.
  8. "Perugia, Italy Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)". Weatherbase. Retrieved May 10, 2020.
  9. "The Umbra Institute".