Philippe Aghion
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Philippe Mario Aghion [1] FBA ( ; an haife shi a ranar 17 ga Agusta 1956) [2] masanin tattalin arziki ne ɗan ƙasar Faransa wanda ke Shugaban Tattalin Arziki na Cibiyoyi, Farfesa na Ƙirƙira da Ci Gaba a Kwalejin Faransa kuma Kurt Björklund ya Jagoranci Farfesa a Ƙirƙira da Ci Gaba a INSEAD . [3] Shi ma farfesa ne mai ziyara a Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London . [4] [5]
An san Aghion da Peter Howitt da tsarin Aghion-Howitt . Don wannan aikin, sun raba rabin kyautar tunawa da Nobel ta 2025 a fannin Kimiyyar Tattalin Arziki "don ka'idar ci gaba mai ɗorewa ta hanyar lalata ƙirƙira ". [6]
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Philippe Aghion a birnin Paris a shekarar 1956, [7] shi ne ɗan Gaby Aghion, [8] wani mai zane na kayan kwalliya na Faransa kuma wanda ya kafa gidan kayan kwalliya na Faransa Chloé . [8] An ce Gaby ne ya ƙirƙiro kalmar prêt-à-porter . [8] Mahaifinsa, Raymond Aghion, yana da gidan adana kayan fasaha a Boulevard Saint-Germain . [9] Iyayensa biyu sun fito ne daga iyalan Yahudawa daga Alexandria, Masar . [9] Daga baya suka ƙaura zuwa Paris, a cikin Latin Quartier kafin su sayi gida a Neuilly-sur-Seine . A wata hira, Aghion ya tuna cewa ya girma ne tare da masu fasaha, ciki har da Karl Lagerfeld . [8]
Aghion ya sauke karatu daga sashen ilimin lissafi na École normale supérieure de Cachan (yanzu ENS Paris-Saclay, Jami'ar Paris-Saclay ), kuma ya sami digiri na diplôme d'études approfondies da doctorat de troisième sake zagayowar (na uku digiri doctorate) a ilmin lissafi tattalin arziki daga Jami'ar Panthneor Paris . [10] Ya sami PhD a fannin tattalin arziki daga Jami'ar Harvard a 1987. [10]
Sana'a
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Aghion ya fara aikinsa na ilimi a shekarar 1987 lokacin da ya shiga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts a matsayin Mataimakin Farfesa. [10] A shekarar 1989 ya koma Faransa ya zama mai bincike a Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Faransa (CNRS). [10] A shekarar 1990, an nada shi Mataimakin Babban Masanin Tattalin Arziki na Bankin Turai don Sake Ginawa da Ci Gaba (EBRD), [10] kafin ya koma Kwalejin Nuffield, Oxford sannan ya koma Kwalejin Jami'a ta London a shekarar 1996. [10] A shekarar 2002, ya koma Harvard inda ya zama Farfesa Robert C. Waggoner a fannin Tattalin Arziki, kujera da ya rike har zuwa shekarar 2015 lokacin da aka nada shi Farfesa na Tattalin Arziki na Shekaru 100 a Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London (LSE). [11] [10]
A shekarar 2015, yayin da ya zama farfesa a LSE, an kuma nada Aghion a matsayin Shugaban Tattalin Arziki a Kwalejin de France, wata cibiya ta musamman a Faransa. Matsayin farfesa na shugaban ƙasa a Kwalejin de France matsayi ne da ake girmamawa sosai a tsakanin ɗaliban jami'o'in Faransa. [12]
A shekarar 2020, Aghion ya zama Kurt Björklund, Shugaban Farfesa a fannin kirkire-kirkire da ci gaba a INSEAD, kuma darektan ilimi na dakin gwaje-gwajen tattalin arziki na INSEAD. A wannan shekarar, ya zama farfesa mai ziyara a LSE, kuma ya ci gaba da zama mataimakin Cibiyar Ayyukan Tattalin Arziki ta LSE. [13]
Sauran ayyuka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An zaɓe Aghion a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a 2009 [14] kuma memba ne na Kwamitin Zartarwa da Kulawa (ESC) na CERGE-EI . [15] [16] Ya kasance shugaban Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arziki ta Turai a 2017. [17] Ya kasance editan Binciken Tattalin Arziki na Shekara-shekara tun 2018. [18]
Kafin zaɓen shugaban ƙasar Faransa na 2012, Aghion ya sanya hannu kan buƙatar wasu masana tattalin arziki don nuna goyon bayansa ga ɗan takara François Hollande .
A shekarar 2016, Babban Sakataren Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Ban Ki-moon ya naɗa Aghion a matsayin memba na wata ƙungiyar ƙwararru da ke ba da shawara ga Hukumar Aiki ta Lafiya da Ci gaban Tattalin Arziki, wadda shugabannin Faransa François Hollande da Jacob Zuma na Afirka ta Kudu suka jagoranta tare. [19] A shekarar 2021, an naɗa shi a matsayin memba na Babban Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Babban Bankin Duniya - Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya (HLAG) kan Murmurewa da Ci Gaba Mai Dorewa da Ci Gaba, waɗanda Mari Pangestu, Ceyla Pazarbasioglu, da Nicholas Stern suka jagoranta tare. [20]
Ƙarin ayyukan ba da shawara sun haɗa da:
- Cibiyar Binciken Tattalin Arziki da Ilimin Digiri na Biyu - Cibiyar Tattalin Arziki (CERGE-EI), Memba na Kwamitin Amintattu
- Cibiyar de Recerca en Economia Internacional (CREI), Jami'ar Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Memba na Kwamitin Ba da Shawara
Bincike
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin].jpg)
A shekarar 1992, tare da Peter Howitt, ya gabatar da wani tsari na tushen ka'idar ci gaban ciki ta Schumpeterian, [21] [22] wanda ya mayar da hankali kan kirkire-kirkire da lalata kirkire-kirkire .
A cikin shekarun 2000, ya bincika alaƙar da ke tsakanin gasa, cibiyoyi, da ci gaba, musamman dangantakar da ke tsakanin U da kuma tsakanin ƙarfin gasa da kirkire-kirkire. [23]
Kamfanin AOC Media ya soki Aghion da kyakkyawan fata na fasaha, alaƙa da ci gaban GDP a matsayin babban abin da ke nuna babban tasiri, da kuma ƙarancin fahimtar matsalar muhalli ta zamani mai fa'ida da dama.
Aghion-Howitt (1992) da kuma rashin jituwar halakar ƙirƙira
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cewar Ufuk Akcigit, tsarin da Philippe Aghion da Peter Howitt suka ƙirƙiro a cikin labarinsu na 1992 [21] ya kawo sauyi a cikin nazarin yanayin ci gaban tattalin arziki ta hanyar ba da damar komawa baya tsakanin ka'ida da bayanai na matakin kamfani, wanda ke bayyana shaharar samfurin a cikin wallafe-wallafen tattalin arziki. Hanyarsu ta bayyana ta hanyar gabatar da tsarin Schumpeterian na "lalata ƙirƙira," inda sabbin abubuwa ke sanya tsoffin fasahohi su tsufa (tasirin "satar kasuwanci") da kuma jagorantar shiga da fita daga kamfanoni. Ƙoƙarin ƙirƙira martani ne ga neman haya na kamfanoni. Waɗannan hayar suna aiki a matsayin karas da lalata ƙirƙira a matsayin sanda; duk da haka, lokacin da haya suka yi yawa, suna ba wa manyan kamfanoni damar kafa shinge don shiga. A lokaci guda, sha'awar ƙirƙirar kirkire-kirkire yana ɓacewa, kuma ci gaba na iya raguwa lokacin da sandar ta tafi kuma karas ɗin ya riga ya tabbata. Musamman haɗakar bambancin kamfanoni shine ke nuna asalin wannan rudani, yana ba da damar nazarin yanayin ci gaba ya danganta da ko kamfanoni ƙanana ne ko manya, masu ci gaba ko masu shiga, a kan iyakar fasaha ko a matsayin mai kwaikwayon. [ <span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (December 2025)">shafi<span typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>ana buƙata</span> ]
"Tarkon Matsakaici na Kuɗi"
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Philippe Aghion ya kuma bayar da gudummawa wajen nazarin "tarkon matsakaicin kudin shiga," yana mai nuni da wahalar da wasu ƙasashe masu tasowa ke fuskanta wajen tsallaka iyaka zuwa matsayin tattalin arziki mai ci gaba. A ganinsa, ci gaban da tarin jari da kwaikwayon fasaha ke haifarwa yana ba da damar cimma nasara cikin sauri amma ya kai ga iyakarsa yayin da ƙasashe ke tunkarar iyakar fasaha. [23]
Rahoton Aghion (2010)
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Philippe Aghion ya jagoranci wani rukunin ma'aikata na ƙwararru goma na ƙasashen duniya [24] waɗanda aikinsu ya fara mayar da hankali kan kwatanta 'yancin kai na jami'o'i na ƙasashen duniya, sannan kuma kan aiwatar da cibiyoyin ilimi na musamman ( Initiative d'excellence ). [24] An gabatar da rahoto mai sassa biyu a watan Janairun 2010 ga Ministar Ilimi Mai Girma Valérie Pécresse . [24]
Wannan rahoton ya ba da shawarar kafa "daidaitaccen shugabanci" a jami'o'i. Ta hanyar amfani da misalan Harvard, MIT, Oxford, ko Cambridge, ta yarda cewa babu wani tsarin shugabanci guda ɗaya. [25]
Ta gabatar da shawarar ƙirƙirar ƙungiyoyi biyu na shugabanci a manyan jami'o'i. Na farko, kwamitin gudanarwa, zai ƙunshi mafi yawan membobin waje, waɗanda za su naɗa shugaban ƙasa mai iko mai yawa. Na biyun zai kasance a cikin "majalisar dattawa ta ilimi," wani dandali na gaskiya na shawarwari na kimiyya da na koyarwa.
Ra'ayin Siyasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A matsayinsa na ɗalibi a Faransa, ya kasance mai goyon bayan kwaminisanci.
A lokacin zaɓen shugaban ƙasar Faransa na 2012, ya sanya hannu kan roƙon masana tattalin arziki da ke goyon bayan ɗan takara François Hollande saboda "dacewar zaɓuɓɓukan da aka gabatar, musamman dangane da dawo da ci gaba da aiki". A shekarar 2017, ya nuna goyon bayansa ga Emmanuel Macron . [26]
Girmamawa da kyaututtuka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Daraja
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kyaututtuka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A shekarar 2019, Aghion da Peter Howitt sun sami kyautar BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award a fannin tattalin arziki. [29] Shi da Howitt an kuma ba su rabin kyautar tunawa da Nobel a fannin Kimiyyar Tattalin Arziki a shekarar 2025 "saboda ka'idar ci gaba mai dorewa ta hanyar lalata kirkire-kirkire", sauran rabin kuma za a ba su Joel Mokyr . [30]
Littattafai
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Aghion, Philippe; Antonin, Celine; Bunel, Simon (2021): Ikon Rushewar Kirkire-kirkire: Hauhawar Tattalin Arziki da Arzikin Al'ummai . Harvard University Press. .
- Aghion, Philippe; Howitt, Peter (2009); Tattalin Arzikin Ci Gaba. MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-01263-8
- Aghion, Philippe; Griffith, Rachel (2006). Gasar da Ci Gaba . MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-01218-8
- Aghion, Philippe; Durlauf, Steven N. (2005). Littafin Jagorar Ci gaban Tattalin Arziki . 1A . Amsterdam: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-444-52041-8 .
- Aghion, Philippe; Durlauf, Steven N. (2005). Littafin Jagorar Ci gaban Tattalin Arziki . 1B . Amsterdam: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-444-52043-2 .
- Aghion, Philippe; Howitt, Peter (1998). Ka'idar ci gaban halittu . Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-01166-2 .
Duba kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Jerin sunayen Yahudawan da suka lashe kyautar Nobel
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ name="LH">"Décret du 31 décembre 2012 portant promotion et nomination". Légifrance (in Faransanci).
- ↑ "Philippe Aghion". Nobel Prize.
- ↑ name=":3">"Philippe Aghion | Collège de France". www.college-de-france.fr (in Turanci). 2022-04-11. Retrieved 2025-10-17.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named:3 - ↑ "Philippe Aghion". The London School of Economics and Political Science (in Turanci). Retrieved 15 October 2025.
- ↑ name="reuters">Ahlander, Johan; Allen, Jonathan; Johnson, Simon. "Trio win Nobel economics prize for work on innovation, growth and 'creative destruction'". Reuters. Retrieved 13 October 2025.
- ↑ name="nobel">"The Prize in Economic Sciences 2025" (PDF). The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. 13 October 2025.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Cetinic, Oleg; Leicester, John (13 October 2025). "Nobel laureate Philippe Aghion says creative upbringing shaped his vision of innovation and freedom". AP News (in Turanci). Retrieved 15 October 2025.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named:2 - ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 Wallet, Paul-Henri (14 October 2025). "Philippe Aghion : quelles études a suivi le nouveau prix Nobel d'économie ?". Le Figaro Etudiant (in Faransanci). Retrieved 15 October 2025. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "Philippe Aghion". Nobel Prize.
- ↑ "Philippe Aghion". Nobel Prize.
- ↑ "Philippe Aghion". Nobel Prize.
- ↑ "Philippe Aghion". Nobel Prize.
- ↑ "Philippe Aghion". The London School of Economics and Political Science (in Turanci). Retrieved 15 October 2025.
- ↑ "Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter A" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 6 April 2011.
- ↑ "Philippe Aghion". Nobel Prize.
- ↑ "Philippe Aghion". Nobel Prize.
- ↑ "Philippe Aghion". Nobel Prize.
- ↑ "Philippe Aghion". The London School of Economics and Political Science (in Turanci). Retrieved 15 October 2025.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 Aghion, Philippe; Howitt, Peter (January 1990). "A Model of Growth Through Creative Destruction" (PDF) (in Turanci). National Bureau of Economic Research. doi:10.3386/w3223. Retrieved 2025-10-14.. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "A Model of Growth" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "Philippe Aghion". Nobel Prize.
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 Arezki, Rabah; Fan, Rachel Yuting; Nguyen, Ha (August 2021). "Technology adoption and the middle‐income trap: Lessons from the Middle East and East Asia" (in Turanci). pp. 1711–1740. doi:10.1111/rode.12775. ISSN 1363-6669. Retrieved 2025-10-14.. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":4" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 Natacha Polony (26 January 2010). "Un rapport pour mieux diriger les universités de demain". lefigaro.fr/. Retrieved 4 January 2023.
- ↑ Philippe Jacqué (27 January 2010). "Des pistes de réflexion pour les futurs "campus d'excellence"". lemonde.fr. Retrieved 4 January 2023.
- ↑ "Philippe Aghion". The London School of Economics and Political Science (in Turanci). Retrieved 15 October 2025.
- ↑ "Décret du 31 décembre 2012 portant promotion et nomination". Légifrance (in Faransanci)."Décret du 31 décembre 2012 portant promotion et nomination". Légifrance (in French).
- ↑ "Philippe Aghion". Nobel Prize.
- ↑ "Philippe Aghion". Nobel Prize.
- ↑ "The Prize in Economic Sciences 2025" (PDF). The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. 13 October 2025."The Prize in Economic Sciences 2025" (PDF). The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. 13 October 2025.