Piye

 

Piye
Pharaoh
Rayuwa
Haihuwa	8 century "BCE"
ƙasa	Kingdom of Kush (en) Tsohuwar Masar Sudan
Mutuwa	716 "BCE"
Ƴan uwa
Mahaifi	Kashta
Mahaifiya	Pebatjma
Abokiyar zama	Abar (en) Khensa (en) Tabiry Peksater (en)
Yara	view Shepenupet II (en) Taharqa (en) Shebitku (en) Naparaye (en) Takahatenamun
Ahali	Khensa (en)
Yare	Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt (en)
Sana'a
Sana'a	statesperson (en)

Piye (wanda kuma aka fassara shi da Pankhy ko Piankhi ; [1] [lower-alpha 1] d. 714 BC) tsohon sarkin Kushi ne kuma ya kafa daular Ashirin da biyar ta Masar, wanda ya mulki Masar daga 744-714 BC. [2] Ya yi mulki daga birnin Napata, wanda ke cikin zurfin Nubia, Sudan ta zamani .

Suna

Piye ya karɓi sunayen sarauta biyu: Usimare da Sneferre . Ya kasance mai sha'awar bautar gunkin Amun, kamar yawancin sarakunan Nubia. Ya sake farfado da Babban Haikali na Amun da ke Jebel Barkal, wanda aka fara gina shi a ƙarƙashin Thutmose III na Sabuwar Mulki, yana ɗaukar masu sassaƙa da yawa daga Masarawa. An taba tunanin ya yi amfani da sunan kursiyin 'Menkheperre' ("Bayyanawar Ra abides") amma yanzu an gane wannan prenomen a matsayin na wani sarki Theban na gida mai suna Ini a maimakon wanda ya kasance zamanin Piye.  

Iyali

Piye ɗa ne na Kashta da Pebatjma . An san yana da mata uku ko hudu. Abar ita ce mahaifiyar magajinsa Taharqa . Ƙarin matan su ne Tabiry, Peksater kuma mai yiwuwa Khensa .

An san Piye yana da yara da yawa. Shi ne mahaifin:

• Sarki Shebitku . An ce shi ɗan Piye ne, ko kuma ɗan'uwan Piye.
• King Taharqa . Dan sarauniya Abar . Zai hau gadon sarauta bayan kawunsa Shabaka da wani dan uwansa Shebitku.
• Matar Allah Amun Shepenwepet II . An kafa shi a Thebes lokacin mulkin ɗan'uwanta Taharqa.
• Qalhata, matar sarki Shabaka, ita ce mahaifiyar sarki Tanutamun kuma mai yiwuwa ga sarki Shabataka .
• Tabekenamun ta auri yayanta Taharqa .
• Naparaye ta auri yayanta Taharqa .
• Takahatenamun ta auri yayanta Taharqa .
• Arty, ya auri sarki Shebitku .
• Har. An san shi daga tebur mai bayarwa na 'yarsa Wadjrenes daga Thebes ( TT34 ).
• Khaliut, Gwamnan Kanad a cewar wani stela da aka samu a Barkal.
• Gimbiya Mutirdis, Babban Annabin Hathor da Mut a Thebes da 'yar Piye a cewar Morkot . An yi tunanin zama 'yar wani mai mulki na gida mai suna Menkheperre Khmuny daga Hermopolis ta Kitchen .

Cin Masar

Hoton Shepenupet II, "Adoratrice na Allahntaka na Amon" da 'yar Piye.

Rushewar Haikali na Gebel Barkal .

A matsayinsa na mai mulkin Nubia da Masarautar Masar, Piye ya yi amfani da damar da aka yi na gwabzawar sarakunan Masar ta hanyar faɗaɗa ikon Nubia fiye da Thebes zuwa Ƙasar Masar. Dangane da haka, Tefnakht na Sais ya kafa haɗin gwiwa tsakanin sarakunan yankin Delta kuma ya yaudari abokin Piye - sarki Nimlot na Hermopolis - ya koma gefe. Daga nan sai Tefnakht ya aika da sojojin kawancen nasa zuwa kudanci suka yiwa Herakleopolis kawanya inda sarkinta Peftjauawybast da kwamandojin Nubian na yankin suka roki Piye domin neman taimako. Piye ya yi gaggawar mayar da martani ga wannan rikicin a cikin mulkinsa na shekara 20 ta hanyar tattara sojoji don mamaye Masar ta tsakiya da ƙasa kuma ya ziyarci Thebes a lokacin babban bikin Opet wanda ya tabbatar da cewa ya mallaki Upper Masar yadda ya kamata a wannan lokacin. An ba da tarihin ayyukan sojansa a cikin stela na Nasara a Gebel Barkal :

Hear what I have done in exceeding the ancestors. I am the king, the representation of god, the living image of Atum, who issued from the womb marked as ruler, who is feared by those greater than he, [whose father] knew and whose mother perceived even in the egg that he would be ruler, the good god, beloved of the gods, the Son of Re, who acts with his two arms, Piye, beloved of Amon ....

— Victory Stele of Piye.

Piye ya ɗauki yaƙin nasa a matsayin yaƙi mai tsarki, yana umartar sojojinsa da su tsarkake kansu kafin su fara yaƙi. Shi da kansa ya miƙa hadayu ga babban allahn Amun .

Daga nan sai Piye ya yi tattaki zuwa arewa kuma ya samu cikakkiyar nasara a Herakleopolis, inda ya ci garuruwan Hermopolis da Memphis da sauransu, kuma ya karbi biyayyar sarakunan Kogin Nilu da suka hada da Iuput II na Leontopolis, Osorkon IV na Tanis da tsohon abokinsa Nimlot a Hermopolis. Hermopolis ya fada hannun sarkin Nubian bayan dagewa da aka yi na tsawon watanni biyar. Tefnakht ya fake a wani tsibiri da ke yankin Delta kuma ya amince da shan kaye a hukumance a wata wasika zuwa ga sarkin Nubian amma ya ki yin mubaya'a ga sarkin Kushi. Cike da gamsuwa da nasararsa, Piye ya ci gaba da tafiya kudu zuwa Thebes kuma ya koma ƙasarsa ta haihuwa a Nubia bai taɓa komawa Masar ba.

Duk da nasarar yakin da Piye ya yi a cikin Delta, ikonsa ya wuce arewa daga Thebes har zuwa yammacin hamadar oases da Herakleopolis inda Peftjauawybast ya yi mulki a matsayin sarkin Nubian vassal. Sarakunan Masarautar Ƙasar Masar - musamman Tefnakht - suna da 'yancin yin abin da suke so ba tare da kulawar Piye ba. Shi Shebitku, magajin Piye, wanda daga baya ya gyara wannan yanayi mara gamsarwa ta hanyar kai wa Sais hari tare da kayar da Bakenranef magajin Tefnakht a can, a cikin shekara ta biyu ta mulki.

Tsawon mulki

Cikakkun bayanai game da zanen stele Na Nasara : Piye (hagu, an share wani bangare) ana ba da shi ta hannun masu mulkin Nil Delta hudu: Nimlot na tsaye, da durkusawa daga hagu zuwa dama, Osorkon (IV), Iuput (II) da Peftjauawybast .

An dade ana tunanin Piye mafi girman sanannun kwanan wata shine "Shekara 24 III Akhet ranar 10" da aka ambata a cikin "Ƙananan Dakhla Stela" ( Ashmolean Museum No.1894) daga haikalin Sutekh na Mut el-Kharab a cikin Dakhla Oasis . Koyaya, abubuwan jin daɗi daga Babban Haikali a Gebel Barkal sun nuna Piye yana bikin Heb Sed Festival . Ana yin irin waɗannan bukukuwan a al'adance a shekara ta 30 na sarki. Ana ta muhawara kan ko abubuwan da suka faru sun nuna abubuwan tarihi, ko kuma an riga an shirya su don bikin—wanda hakan zai iya yiwuwa Piye ya mutu kafin shekara ta 30 ta mulki. Piye kuma ya sami shaidar da wasu papyri biyu masu kwanan wata shekara ta 21 da 22 na mulkinsa inda ake kiransa Fir'auna "Piye Si-Ese Meryamun" wanda babu shakka sunan wannan sarki.

Kenneth Kitchen ya ba da shawarar yin sarauta na shekaru 31 ga Piye, bisa la'akari da ba da gudummawar shekara ta 8 na wani sarki Shepsesre Tefnakht wanda galibi ake kallonsa a matsayin abokin hamayyar Piye. Wani ra'ayi na rashin amincewa ya fito daga Olivier Perdu a cikin 2002, wanda ya yi imanin cewa wannan stela yana nufin maimakon sarki Tefnakht II na ƙarshe saboda kamanceceniya da wani, wanda aka yi kwanan watan shekara ta 2 na mulkin Necho I. Na biyu, Kitchen ya lura cewa:

Binne

Kabarin Piye yana kusa da dala mafi girma a cikin makabarta, wanda aka keɓe Ku.1 (wanda aka gani a hoton da ke hannun dama), a el-Kurru kusa da Jebel Barkal a yankin Arewacin Sudan . A ƙasan matakalar matakai 19 da aka buɗe zuwa gabas, an yanke ɗakin binnewa a cikin gadon gado a matsayin buɗaɗɗen rami kuma an rufe shi da rufin katako . An ajiye gawarsa akan wani gadon dake tsakiyar falon akan wani benci na dutse da aka yanke masa kusurwoyinsa guda hudu domin karbar kafafuwan gadon wanda shimfidar gadon ya kwanta kai tsaye kan benci. Har zuwa bakin makabarta (fir'auna na farko da ya sami irin wannan kabari a cikin fiye da shekaru 500) an binne dawakai guda hudu da ya fi so. Wannan rukunin yanar gizon kuma zai kasance yana mamaye da kaburburan membobin daular da yawa daga baya.

Littafi Mai Tsarki

• Roberto B. Gozzoli: Rubutun Tarihi a Masar ta dā a lokacin ƙarni na farko BC (kamar 1070-180 BC), Trends da Ra'ayoyin, London 2006, S. 54-67 

Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

• Nasara Stela na Piankhy
• The Stela of Piye - fassarar zahiri