Port Said

Port Said
بورسعيد (ar)
Suna saboda	Sa'id of Egypt (en)
Wuri
31°15′45″N 32°18′22″E
Ƴantacciyar ƙasa	Misra
Governorate of Egypt (en)	Gwamnatin Port Said
Babban birnin	Gwamnatin Port Said
Yawan mutane
Faɗi	791,749 (2023)
• Yawan mutane	586.05 mazaunan/km²
Labarin ƙasa
Yawan fili	1,351 km²
Altitude (en)	6 m
Bayanan tarihi
Ƙirƙira	1859
Bayanan Tuntuɓa
Kasancewa a yanki na lokaci	UTC+02:00 (mul)
Wasu abun
Yanar gizo	portsaid.gov.eg…

Port Said / sah - EED , sah- Egyptian Arabic , ) birni ne mai tashar jiragen ruwa wanda ke arewa maso gabashin Masar wanda ya kai tsawon kusan 30 km (19 mi) a bakin Tekun Bahar Rum, yana ratsa gabar yamma ta bakin arewacin magudanar ruwa ta Suez . Birnin shine babban birnin gwamnatin Port Said kuma shine mafi yawan yankunan, wanda ya kunshi yankuna bakwai daga cikin yankuna takwas na gwamnatin. A shekarar 2024 tana da yawan jama'a 790,000.

An kafa birnin a shekarar 1859 a lokacin gina magudanar ruwa ta Suez. Akwai gidaje da yawa da ke da manyan baranda a kowane bene, wanda hakan ya ba birnin kamanni na musamman. Tagwayen birnin Port Said shine Port Fuad, wanda ke gefen gabashin magudanar ruwa ta Suez. Birane biyu suna zaune tare, har ma da wuya a sami tsakiyar gari a Port Fuad. Birane suna haɗuwa ta hanyar jiragen ruwa kyauta da ke gudana duk tsawon yini, kuma tare suke samar da yanki mai girma tare da mazauna sama da miliyan ɗaya waɗanda suka faɗaɗa a gefen Afirka da Asiya na magudanar ruwa ta Suez.

Port Said ta kasance birni na duniya tun lokacin da aka kafa ta, tana bunƙasa musamman a lokacin karni na sha tara da kuma rabin farko na karni na ashirin. Tana da ƙasashe da addinai daban-daban, galibi daga ƙasashen Bahar Rum, kuma sun rayu cikin haƙuri, suna kafa al'umma mai haɗin gwiwa . Da yake magana game da wannan gaskiyar, Rudyard Kipling ya taɓa cewa, "Idan da gaske kuna son nemo wanda kuka sani kuma wanda ke tafiya, akwai wurare biyu a duniya da kuke da su sai dai ku zauna ku jira, ko ba da jimawa ba mutuminku zai zo can: tashoshin jiragen ruwa na London da Port Said". Port Said muhimmin birni ne a Masar don kasuwanci da kasuwanci saboda wurin da yake a kan mashigin Suez da bakin tekun Bahar Rum.

Suna

Sunan Port Said ya fara bayyana a shekarar 1855. Kwamitin ƙasa da ƙasa wanda ya ƙunshi Birtaniya, Faransa, Daular Rasha, Austria, Spain da Piedmont ne suka zaɓe shi. Sunan mahaɗi ne wanda ya ƙunshi sassa biyu: kalmar Faransa tashar jiragen ruwa (tashar jiragen ruwa) da Said (sunan mai mulkin Masar a wancan lokacin), wanda ya ba Ferdinand de Lesseps izinin haƙa magudanar ruwa ta Suez. Mazauna birane suna kiran sunan arz ko kuma arz, yayin da mazauna da ba su da birni ke furta shi und .

A cikin tsohuwar Girkanci, ana kiran birnin Πηλούσιον ( Pēloúsion ).

Tarihi

Kafa (1859)

Ferdinand de Lesseps abin tunawa a kan jetty yawon shakatawa

Jiragen ruwan Faransa da sojojin Indiya a Port Said a shekarar 1914

Katin gaisuwa na yankin Larabawa na Port Said

Ofishin Kamfanin Suez Canal da ke Port Said, wanda aka gina a shekarar 1893

Sa'id na Masar ne ya kafa Port Said a ranar Litinin ta Ista, 25 ga Afrilu 1859, lokacin da Ferdinand de Lesseps ya ba da damar yin amfani da abin tunawa na farko don nuna farkon ginin. Matsalar farko da aka fuskanta ita ce wahalar da jiragen ruwa ke yi wajen sauke anga a kusa. Abin farin ciki, an gano wani dutse guda ɗaya da ke kwarara daga bakin teku a nisan 'yan mita ɗari. An sanye shi da tashar jirgin ruwa ta katako, kuma ya zama wurin ajiye jiragen ruwa. Ba da daɗewa ba, aka gina tashar jirgin ruwa ta katako, wadda ta haɗa tsibirin da ke tashi, kamar yadda aka san shi da sauri, da bakin teku. Ana iya ɗaukar wannan dutsen a matsayin zuciyar birnin da ke tasowa, kuma a wannan wuri mai cike da tarihi, shekaru arba'in bayan haka, aka gina wani abin tunawa ga de Lesseps.

Babu albarkatun gida a nan. Duk abin da Port Said ke buƙata dole ne a shigo da shi daga ƙasashen waje: itace, dutse, kayayyaki, injina, kayan aiki, gidaje, abinci har ma da ruwa. An gina manyan kwantena na ajiyar ruwa don samar da ruwa mai kyau har sai an kammala Madatsar Ruwa Mai Daɗi . Ɗaya daga cikin matsalolin da suka fi muhimmanci shine rashin dutse. Ana shigo da gine-ginen farko a cikin kayan aiki kuma ana amfani da itace sosai. An yi amfani da sabuwar dabara don gina madatsar ruwa da ake kira conglomerate siminti ko "Beton Coignet", wanda aka sanya wa suna bayan wanda ya ƙirƙira shi François Coignet. An nutsar da tubalan siminti a cikin teku don zama tushen madatsar ruwa. Wani sabon abu kuma shine amfani da siminti iri ɗaya don hasken wutar lantarki na Port Said, ginin asali ɗaya tilo da ke tsaye a Port Said. A shekara ta 1859 ma'aikata 150 na farko sun yi sansani a cikin tantuna a kusa da wani rumfa na katako. Shekara guda bayan haka, adadin mazaunan ya karu zuwa 2000 - tare da rundunar Turai da ke zaune a cikin bungalows na katako da aka shigo da su daga arewacin Turai. Zuwa 1869, lokacin da aka buɗe madatsar ruwa, yawan jama'ar da ke dindindin ya kai 10,000. An raba yankin Turai, wanda ke kewaye da bakin teku, da gundumar Larabawa, Gemalia, 400 m (1,300 ft) zuwa yamma, kusa da wani yanki mai faɗi na bakin teku mai yashi inda wani harshe na Tafkin Manzala ya kai ga teku. Wannan mashigar ruwa ta bushe ba da daɗewa ba kuma aka maye gurbinsa da gine-gine; bayan lokaci babu rabuwa tsakanin yankunan Turai da Larabawa.

Tun lokacin da aka kafa Port Said, ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin Masar. Turawan Birtaniya sun shiga Masar ta cikin birnin a shekarar 1882, inda suka fara mamaye Masar.

Tashar jiragen ruwa da birane masu bunƙasa a duniya (1902–1945)

A farkon karni na ashirin, abubuwa biyu sun faru don canza Port Said: a shekarar 1902, an fara fitar da audugar Masar daga Mataria ta Port Said; kuma a shekarar 1904 an buɗe layin dogo na ma'aunin ma'auni zuwa Alkahira . Sakamakon ya jawo hankalin babbar al'umma ta kasuwanci da kuma ɗaga matsayinta na zamantakewa. Musamman ma wata babbar al'umma ta Girka ta girma. A shekarar 1907, birnin da ke bunƙasa cikin sauri yana da mazauna kusan 50,000, daga cikinsu akwai Turawa 11,000 "na dukkan ƙasashe". A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, Port Said ta zama gida ga wani muhimmin asibiti na ƙawance. Saboda yanayin dabarun Port Said da ke haɗa Turai, Afirka da Asiya, an aika dubban maza zuwa wannan asibiti. Wannan ya haɗa da sojoji da suka ji rauni sakamakon yaƙin Gallipoli a shekarar 1915. Bayan ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, daraktocin Kamfanin Suez Canal sun yanke shawarar ƙirƙirar sabon birni a bankin Asiya, suna gina gidaje 300 ga ma'aikatanta da jami'ansu. An tsara Port Fouad ta hanyar École des Beaux-Arts da ke Paris. Gidajen suna bin tsarin Faransa. An kafa sabon birnin a watan Disamba na shekarar 1926.

Tun daga kafuwarta, mutane daga dukkan ƙasashe da addinai suna ƙaura zuwa birnin kuma kowace al'umma ta kawo nata al'adu, abinci, addini da gine-gine. A ƙarshen shekarun 1920, yawan jama'a ya kai sama da mutane 100,000. Misali, a shekarun 1930, akwai kyawawan gine-ginen jama'a da masu gine-ginen Italiya suka tsara. Tsohon yankin Larabawa ya mamaye birnin mai wadata. A yanzu, Port Said tashar jiragen ruwa ce mai bunƙasa, mai cike da jama'a daga ƙasashe daban-daban: 'Yan kasuwa Yahudawa, masu shaguna na Masar, masu ɗaukar hoto na Girka, masu gine-ginen Italiya, masu otal-otal na Switzerland, masu gudanar da Malta, injiniyoyin Scotland, bankunan Faransa da jami'an diflomasiyya daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Dukansu suna zaune kuma suna aiki tare da babban al'ummar Masar. Kuma koyaushe matafiya na ƙasashen waje suna wucewa ta Afirka, Indiya da Gabas Mai Nisa. Aure tsakanin Faransanci, Italiyanci da Maltese ya zama ruwan dare, wanda ya haifar da al'ummar Latin da Katolika ta gida kamar ta Alexandria da Alkahira. Faransanci shine harshen gama gari na al'ummar Turai da waɗanda ba Larabawa ba, kuma galibi harshen farko na yaran da iyaye suka haifa daga al'ummomi daban-daban. Ana kuma amfani da Italiyanci sosai kuma shine harshen uwa ga wani ɓangare na al'ummar Malta, tunda kakannin na biyun sun zo Masar kafin Anglicilation na Malta a shekarun 1920. Harshen harsuna da yawa wani abu ne da ya shafi al'ummar ƙasashen waje na Port Said, inda yawancin mutane ke ci gaba da magana da harsunan al'umma da kuma Faransanci na gama gari.

Jadawalin Admiralty na Port Said, An buga a 1966

Juyin juya hali, ƙarshen mamayar Birtaniya (1946-yanzu)

Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, Masar ta yi Allah wadai da Yarjejeniyar Anglo-Masar ta 1936, wanda ya haifar da rikici da sojojin Birtaniya da ke tsaron mashigin Suez a 1951.

Juyin Juya Halin Masar na 1952 ya haifar da kifar da Sarki Farouk . A ranar 26 ga Yuli, 1956, Shugaba Gamal Abdel Nasser ya mayar da Kamfanin Suez Canal na ƙasa. Wannan ya ƙara ta'azzara rikici tsakanin Birtaniya da Faransa, waɗanda suka haɗa kai da Isra'ila don mamaye Masar, mamayar da aka sani a Masar a matsayin harin ta'addanci na uku ko rikicin Suez . A ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 1956, sojojin Birtaniya suka sauka a Port Said da ƙarfi yayin da suke harbin sojojin Masar. Daga baya, Birtaniya ta jefa bam a Port Said, don tsoratar da fararen hula, waɗanda ɗaruruwa suka mutu. An kuma yi faɗa mai tsanani a tituna tare da raunata fararen hula da yawa, kuma gobarar da ta biyo baya ta lalata yawancin birnin.

Janyewar soja na ƙarshe na sojojin ƙasashen waje ya faru ne a ranar 23 ga Disamba, 1956. Tun daga lokacin, an zaɓi wannan rana a matsayin ranar ƙasa ta Port Said. Ana yin bikin kowace shekara a Port Said. Al'ummar Turai masu magana da Faransanci sun fara ƙaura zuwa Turai, Ostiraliya, Afirka ta Kudu da wasu wurare a shekarar 1946 kuma yawancin sauran sun bar Masar bayan rikicin Suez, wanda ya yi daidai da ƙaura ta zamani da Turawa masu magana da Faransanci suka yi daga Tunisiya. Yawancin al'ummar Girka an kuma kora su ko kuma sun bar garin a ƙarƙashin mulkin Gamal Abdel Nasser.

Yanayin ƙasa

Yanayi

Port Said tana da yanayin hamada mai zafi (BWh) bisa ga rarrabuwar yanayi na Köppen, amma iska mai ƙarfi daga Tekun Bahar Rum tana daidaita yanayin zafi sosai. Wannan abu ne da ya saba faruwa a gabar tekun arewacin Masar, yana sa lokacin bazara ya kasance mai zafi da danshi, yayin da lokacin hunturunsa yake da laushi da kuma danshi kaɗan lokacin da ƙanƙara da ƙanƙara suma suka zama ruwan dare, amma ba a saba gani ba kamar Alexandria saboda Port Said tana da bushewa. Janairu da Fabrairu sune watanni mafi sanyi yayin da mafi zafi shine Yuli da Agusta.

Zafin da aka samu a tarihi ya kai 44 °C (111 °F), an rubuta a ranar 20 ga Yuni 1988, yayin da ƙarancin zafin da aka yi rikodin shine 0 °C (32 °F), an yi rikodin a ranar 25 ga Disamba 1979.

Port Said, Kosseir, Ras El Bar, Baltim, Damietta da Alexandria suna da ƙarancin bambancin zafin jiki a Masar . Bugu da ƙari, Mersa Matruh da Port Said suna da lokutan bazara mafi sanyi fiye da sauran birane ko wuraren shakatawa, kodayake ba su da sanyi sosai fiye da sauran wurare na arewacin bakin teku.