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Prazeiros su ne masu mallakar ƙasar Portuguese da Afro-Portuguese waɗanda suka yi mulki, a cikin hanyar da ake kira, manyan kadarorin da ake kira prazos waɗanda Crown Portuguese ya ba su hayar su, a cikin kwarin Zambezi daga karni na goma sha shida zuwa karni na sha takwas. A matsayin al'umma mai kabilanci, Prazeiros ya nuna ba kawai haɗuwa da al'adu ba, amma fitowar sabon tsarin zamantakewa da siyasa.
Kwarin Zambezi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kwarin Zambezi ya zama batun sha'awa ga Portuguese tun farkon 1505, kuma daga baya ya zama babban kasuwancin da prazeiros da sojojin su suka dauka. A tsakiyar karni na 16, kambin Portuguese ya kafa ƙananan cibiyoyin gudanarwa, wanda hakan ya haifar da karamin ƙaura mai ɗorewa daga Portugal zuwa kwarin.[1]
A ƙarni na gaba, gwamnatin Portugal ta gaji da matsayin kwarin Zambezi. Ba tare da kafa tsarin mulki mai horar da shi ba, da kuma soja wanda ba shi da yawa kuma bai ci gaba a cikin dabarun soja da horar da yaki ba, yankin ba shi da bege na shiga cikin mulkin mallaka na Portuguese.
Kafa al'ummar Prazeiro
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ruwa na farko na ƙaura na Portuguese zuwa kwarin Zambezi (tun da farko a ƙarni na sha shida) ya ƙunshi manyan mutanen Portugal da iyalai, da yawa daga cikinsu an ba su kyauta a matsayin sanarwa ga matsayi na zamantakewa, tare da wakilan sarauta ga kambi waɗanda suka yi manyan ayyuka a madadinsa. Irin waɗannan mutane sun haɗa da firistoci, 'yan kasuwa, da jami'an soja, waɗanda ke jin daɗin iko, dukiya da daraja; dukansu sun himmatu sosai ga sarki da al'umma, kuma suna ɗaukar kansu a matsayin wakilan da aka aiko don faɗaɗa ubangijin Portugal.[2]
A wannan lokacin, yawan mutanen da suka yi ƙaura zuwa kwarin Zambezi ya kasance kaɗan, saboda yanayin yanayi mai tsanani kamar zafi mai tsanani, ruwan sama mai tsawo da cututtukan da suka shafi wannan yankin. A hanyoyi da yawa, dole ne Portuguese su yi yaƙi don tsira. Saboda rashin yawan mata masu cancanta na Turai, an jagoranci mazajen Portugal su shiga cikin auren launin fata kuma a ƙarshe su haifi tare da yawan 'yan asalin ƙasar, wanda ya haifar da tashin hankali a cikin zamantakewa da launin fata.
Karin ƙaura a cikin karni na 18
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin karni na 18, yawan mutanen Portugal a cikin kwarin Zambezi sun ci gaba da kafa ƙungiyoyi tare da mutanen yankin, wanda ya haɗa da karɓar al'adu, a ƙarshe ya haifar da tseren haɗe-haɗe. A tsakiyar karni na 18, mutane masu launi sun mamaye al'ummar Prazeiro; wanda ake kira Muzungu, zuriyar kungiyoyin Portuguese da Afirka sun mamaye prazos, suna nuna kammalawa a cikin wariyar launin fata.[2] A matsayin daya daga cikin al'adun haɗin gwiwa na farko da suka wanzu a wannan yankin, Prazeiros sun ci nasara wajen amfani da iko a cikin dangantaka da Turawa da 'yan asalin yankin, suna aiki a matsayin "mutane na tsakiya" a cikin hulɗa da yawa.
Ikon Prazeiros
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A matsayin al'umma mai iko a cikin lambobi biyu da kuma goyon bayan soja / tattalin arziki, babban tushen iko ga Prazeiros shine manyan sojojin Chikunda wanda ya kunshi da farko bayi da aka kama. An yi amfani da waɗannan sojojin don dalilai na karɓar haraji, farauta, kai hari da kasuwanci tare da wasu al'ummomin yankin.
Sojojin Chikunda
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ikon waɗannan sojojin ta hanyar wadataccen bindigogi da makamai masu inganci sun kawar da duk wani yiwuwar wata babbar jiha da ke adawa da su. A sakamakon haka, Prazeiros sun mamaye cinikin hauren giwa a cikin ƙananan kwarin Zambezi a cikin karni na 18, suna harbi giwaye ba tare da la'akari da dokokin farauta na gida ba, kuma suna ci gaba da kai hari kan ƙauyuka don fursunoni don ƙarawa ga sojojin su.
Ta hanyar goyon bayan wadannan sojojin, Prazeiros sun mallaki mutane da ƙasar wannan yankin. An biya manoma haraji kuma ana sa ran su samar da isasshen abinci don tallafawa al'ummomin Prazeiro da sojojin su. Tsakanin 1630 da 1670, Prazeiros sun yi kira ga zurfin tashin hankali da zalunci a duk faɗin ƙasar, suna sa mutanen yankin su gudu daga gidajensu da fatan mafaka tare da maza masu iko na gida.
Prazeiros a matsayin masu tsallaka iyaka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ta hanyar wannan zurfin alaƙa da al'adun asalin Afirka waɗanda ake watsawa ta hanyar alaƙar asali, Prazeiros sun kasance a hanyoyi da yawa na Afirka, [2] wanda ya kai su ga ɓace nesa da kambin Portuguese yayin da lokaci ya ci gaba. Daga sau ɗaya sun gane kansu a matsayin wakilai na kambi, a ƙarni na 18, Prazeiros ba sa karɓar matsayinsu na ƙasa a cikin al'umma.
Wannan halin da bai dace ba ya kai su ga ƙin biyan haraji ko ba da taimakon soja ga manyan mutanen Portugal, yayin da suke ƙin roƙon Portuguese na barin ikon cin gashin kansu. Duk da cewa wannan roko da aka tilasta ta hanyar ikon soja na su, Prazeiros sun yi yaƙi da su, suna tabbatar da hadin kan gidansu da mutanen Afirka.
A matsayin masu wucewa, Prazeiros sun bi ka'idoji huɗu: sun kasance mazauna dindindin a ƙasar da ta wuce iyakokin al'ummar mazauna Turai; yawancin ƙungiyoyin aure da suka shiga sun kasance tare da mutane daga 'yan asalin ƙasar, maimakon Turai; ta hanyar karɓar al'adu da asalin mazauna yankin, duk dangantakar Turai tsakanin su sun ɓace; amincinsu, duk da sun samo asali ne daga Portugal, sun koma ga mutanen yankin.[2]
Mashahuran Prazeiros
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Manuel Antonio de Sousa
- João Bonifacio Alves da Silva