Prilep

Prilep
Прилеп (mk)
Wuri
41°20′47″N 21°33′15″E
Territory claimed by (en)
Ƴantacciyar ƙasa	Masadoiniya ta Arewa
Statistical region of North Macedonia (en)	Pelagonia Statistical Region (en)
Municipality of North Macedonia (en)	Prilep Municipality (en)
Babban birnin	Prilep Municipality (en)
Yawan mutane
Faɗi	63,308 (2021)
• Yawan mutane	53 mazaunan/km²
Labarin ƙasa
Yawan fili	1,194.44 km²
Altitude (en)	620 m
Bayanan tarihi
Patron saint (en)	Saint Nicholas (en)
Bayanan Tuntuɓa
Lambar aika saƙo	7500
Tsarin lamba ta kiran tarho	048
Wasu abun
Yanar gizo	prilep.gov.mk

Prilep ( Macedonian mk ) ita ce birni na huɗu mafi girma a Arewacin Macedonia, bayan Skopje, Kumanovo, da Bitola . A bisa kididdigar shekarar 2021, tana da yawan jama'a 63,308, yayin da fadin yankinta na birni ke da yawan jama'a 79,834 jimilla.

Suna

Ra'ayin Prilep da tsaunukan da ke kewaye da shi

Sunan Prilep ya fara bayyana a matsayin Πρίλαπος a Girkanci ( Prilapos ) a shekara ta 1014 a matsayin wurin da Samuel na Bulgaria ya mutu bayan Yaƙin Kleidion . Garin yana da alaƙa da dutsen da ke sama, kuma sunansa ya samo asali ne daga Tsohon Slavic, kuma yana nufin "maƙale a kan dutse" (pri- + lep = on + slepped).

• Girkanci : Prilapos, Πρίλαπος
• Albanian ko Përlepi, ko Prilep ko Prilepi
• Bulgarian da Serbo-Croatian : Прилеп / Prilep
• Latin : Prilapum
• Aromanian
• Turkish , ko Perlepe

Tattalin Arziki

Prilep cibiya ce ta yanki don sigari da taba mai inganci, da kuma sarrafa ƙarfe, kayan lantarki, katako, yadi, da masana'antar abinci . Birnin kuma yana samar da adadi mai yawa na marmara mai launin fari na Macedonian Bianco Sivec ( tsarin marmara mai launin fari ).

Taba tana ɗaya daga cikin amfanin gona na gargajiya na Prilep kuma tana bunƙasa a yanayin ƙasar Macedonia. Da yawa daga cikin manyan kamfanonin kera sigari a duniya, kamar Marlboro, West da Camel suna amfani da taba Prilep a cikin sigarinsu bayan an sarrafa ta a masana'antun gida kamar Tutunski kombinat Prilep . An kafa Cibiyar Taba a birnin domin samar da sabbin nau'ikan taba kuma ita ce misali na farko na amfani da kwayoyin halitta a fannin noma a yankin Balkans .

Kamfanin Vitaminka JSC, wanda ke da hedikwata a Prilep, ya ƙware a fannin sarrafa abinci kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan kamfanoni mafiya nasara a irinsa a Arewacin Macedonia.

Akwai wani kamfanin samar da kayayyaki na Gentherm a gefen kudu na Prilep.

Tarihi

Masarautar Prilep - Masarautar Yarima Marko

Katin gaisuwa na Prilep a shekarar 1915

Hoton wani kyakkyawan ra'ayi na Prilep a shekarar 1930

A zamanin da, yankin Prilep wani ɓangare ne na tsohuwar Pelagonia wadda Pelagones, tsohuwar ƙabilar Girka ta Upper Macedonia, ke zaune, waɗanda a cewar Strabo, Epirote Molossians ne. An haɗa yankin da masarautar Macedonia a ƙarni na 4 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa. A watan Satumba na shekarar 2007, an tono kayan tarihi a Bonče, an gano wani kabari na abin da ake kyautata zaton wurin binne wani sarkin Macedoniya ne tun daga ƙarni na 4 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa. Kusa da Prilep, kusa da ƙauyen Čepigovo, akwai kango na tsohon birnin Macedonia na Styberra ( Ancient Greek ), da farko gari ne a Makidoniya sannan daga baya aka haɗa shi cikin Daular Romawa . Duk da cewa Goths sun lalata Styberra a shekarar 268, amma har yanzu akwai mutane da yawa a cikinta.

An fara ambaton garin a Girkanci da suna Πρίλαπον ( Prilapon ) a shekara ta 1014, a matsayin wurin da ake zargin Sarki Samuel ya kamu da bugun zuciya bayan ya ga dubban sojojinsa waɗanda Byzantine suka makance bayan Yaƙin Kleidion . A shekara ta 1041, sarki Michael na Huɗu na Byzantine ya kayar da tawayen Petar Delyan a yankin Prilep. Daular Bulgaria ta biyu ta kwace birnin Byzantium, amma daga baya ta kwace shi. Sarki Dušan na ƙasar Serbia ya karɓe Prilep a shekara ta 1334, kuma bayan shekara ta 1365 garin ya kasance na Sarki Vukašin, wanda shi ne shugaban ɗan Dušan, Tzar Stefan Uroš V. Bayan mutuwar Vukašin a shekara ta 1371, ɗansa Marko ya mulki Prilep. A shekara ta 1395 aka haɗa ta cikin Daular Ottoman, wacce ta ci gaba da kasancewa wani ɓangare nata har zuwa 1913, lokacin da Masarautar Serbia ta mamaye ta.

A zamanin Daular Usmaniyya, ban da Turkawa 'yan ƙabilar da kuma mafi yawan al'ummar Slavic, Prilep kuma gida ne ga al'ummar Albaniya ta Musulmi 'yan Sunni da kuma Kirista 'yan Orthodox, waɗanda ke zaune tare da mafi yawan 'yan Macedoniya 'yan Orthodox. Masanin tarihin Serbia Jovan Hadži-Vasiljević ya rubuta:

"Tsakanin Turkawa da 'yan Albaniya Musulmi waɗanda suka rayu a birnin (Prilep), yana da matuƙar wahala a bambance, musamman tsakanin tsoffin iyalai na birnin. Iyalan Albaniya 'yan Muhamadu, da zarar sun isa birnin, sun haɗu da Turkawa, kamar yadda iyalan Albaniya Kiristoci suka haɗu da Slavs ko Girkawa"

Mai bincike ɗan ƙasar Bulgaria, Georgi Traychev, ya rubuta:

"A birnin Prilep, babu Girkawa tsarkakakku, amma akwai 'yan Girka da dama (da dama) waɗanda ke da goyon bayan Vlachs masu ra'ayin wariya da Kiristocin Albaniya."

Jaridar Прилеп преди 100 години ("Prilep 100 da suka wuce" Sofia, 1938) ta gabatar da bayanai game da kasancewar Albaniyawan Orthodox a Prilep. A can an jaddada cewa bayan isowarsu birnin a kusan ƙarni na 18-19, Kiristocin Vlach da mutanen Albaniya sun haɗu ƙarƙashin tasirin al'ummar Bulgaria, kuma babu wata alama a cikinsu. An kuma bayar da bayanai ga 'yan Albaniya na ƙungiyoyin biyu. An jaddada cewa jimilla akwai Musulmai 'yan Albaniya 2412 a birnin. Daga cikin 'yan Albaniya na Orthodox, wani ɓangare an mayar da shi Bulgarian, yayin da wasu kuma an mayar da shi Hellenen . A cikin jaridar, akwai wani rahoto game da ɗan ƙasar Albaniya mai suna Ico Kishari, wanda iyalinsa, tare da Tilevci, Georgimajkovci da Ladcovci, 'yan gudun hijira ne 'yan Albaniya masu Orthodox daga Moscopole waɗanda suka zauna a farkon ƙarni na 19. Jaridar ta kuma bayyana wani babban mutum mai addini ɗan ƙasar Albaniya, wanda ya shafe rayuwarsa yana zuwa coci. Saboda girmama aikinsa, cocin ta ba shi fansho.

Babban gwagwarmaya a ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 ta kasance tsakanin Babban Jami'in Buɗe Ido na Bulgaria da Babban Jami'in Hulɗa na Girka. Bayan kafa Babban Majami'ar Bulgaria a shekarar 1870, sakamakon kuri'un da aka kada tsakanin 1872 da 1875, al'ummar Slavic a cikin bishop-bishop na Skopje da Ohrid sun kaɗa ƙuri'a mai yawa don amincewa da shiga sabuwar Cocin Ƙasa ta Bulgaria ( Sanjak na Üsküp - 91%, Sanjak na Ohrid - 97%). A zaɓen 'yan majalisa na shekarar 1873, mazauna garin sun kaɗa ƙuri'a gabaɗaya don shiga jam'iyyar 'yan gurguzu ta Bulgaria. Ta haka ne al'ummar Slavic a garin suka zama " Masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na Bulgaria ." Sama da kashi 97% na 'yan ƙasar da ke yankin Prilep a cikin ƙidayar jama'a ta Ottoman ta 1881-82, an lissafa su a matsayin mabiya Cocin Bulgaria. A cewar Hristo Shaldev, mai juyin juya hali na IMRO, wanda kuma shi ne darektan makarantun Bulgaria a Prilep, garin ya kasance babban cibiyar farfaɗo da ƙasar Bulgaria a Yammacin Macedonia a ƙarni na 19.

Bisa ga majiyoyin Yugoslavia da Macedonia a ƙarshen ƙarni na 19, al'ummar Orthodox ta Macedonia a Prilep ta fara tsayayya da matsin lambar Girka da Bulgaria, suna ƙin ikon Patriarch na Constantinople kuma suna neman coci mai zaman kanta. Sun maye gurbin Girkanci da Macedoniya a ayyukan addini da ilimi kuma sun shirya littattafan karatu a cikin harshensu na asali. A lokacin wannan yunƙurin neman asalin ƙasa, masanan Bulgaria sun yi ƙoƙarin tilasta amfani da harshen Bulgaria, musamman bayan kafa Budewar Bulgaria a shekarar 1870 da kuma Masarautar Bulgaria a shekarar 1878. Cocin Bulgaria ya hana bikin Vidovdan a Prilep. Duk da wannan matsin lamba, Prilep ya yi adawa da ikon Bulgaria, yana kula da makarantarsa da kuma ayyukan addini. A cewar wata wasika daga Dimitrije Bodi, jakadan Serbia a Bitola ga ministan harkokin waje na Serbia a wancan lokacin, mutanen da ba su gamsu da Exarchate ba sun kafa wata ƙungiya mai ƙarfi ta adawa da Exarchate, wadda ta kai ga gidaje 1,200. Mutanen yankin, karkashin jagorancin firist Spase Igumenov, sun yi kira ga Sultan Abdul Hamid na Biyu, inda suka bayyana bukatarsu ta neman makarantar kasa ta Macedoniya da kuma kin amincewa da ikon cocin Bulgaria, yayin da suka tabbatar da imaninsu na Orthodox a karkashin kariyar Paparoma. Mutane 25 daga Prilep ne suka sanya hannu a kan takardar a shekarar 1887. A cikin wasiƙarsu ga Sarkin Musulmi, sun rubuta:

A shekara ta 1891, wanda ya fara aiwatar da wannan aiki, Spas Igumenov, wanda shi ne tsohon shugaban ƙungiyar Exarchist ta Bulgarian a Prilep, ya buga a cikin jaridar Constantinople ta Bulgarian Exarchate "Novini" a cikin wani martani ga zarge-zargen cewa shi mai hannu a ciki ne kuma mai aikata farfagandar Uniate da Serbia, yana mai cewa " Da alfahari, ina furta asalin ƙasar Bulgaria kuma na amince da ikon ruhaniya na Mai Tsarki na Holan a Constantinople. " A ƙarshen shekarar 1893, ƙungiyar 'yan Bulgaria ta mamaye kusan dukkan ƙauyukan da ke yankin Prilep. A bisa kididdigar sakataren Exarchate na Bulgaria, Dimitar Mishev ("La Macédoine et sa Population Chrétienne") a shekarar 1905, yawan Kiristocin Prilep ya kunshi 'yan Bulgaria 17,085, 'yan Slavic Patriarchists 240 (Serbomans da Grecomans), Helenawa 50 da kuma Vlachs 420.

Kasuwar Prilep ta fara bunƙasa a ƙarni na 18. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan bukukuwan shekara-shekara a Macedonia an gudanar da shi a Prilep a tsakiyar ƙarni na 19. Nunin jakadun Turai na shekarar 1887 ya kiyasta cewa yawan mutanen Prilep ya kai kimanin mutane 6,500, daga cikinsu 4,000 'yan Bulgaria ne, 2,000 Turkawa ne, sauran kuma 'yan Serbia ne tare da Girkawa da Aromaniya . A lokacin Babban Rikicin Gabas, an kayar da ƙungiyar 'yan Bulgaria ta wannan lokacin lokacin da ƙungiyar 'yan tawayen Prizren, wata ƙungiya 'yan Albaniya da ke adawa da manufofin siyasa na Bulgaria a yankuna kamar Prilep, waɗanda ke ɗauke da al'ummar Albaniya, ta yi watsi da ƙungiyoyin 'yan Bulgaria masu makamai.

A ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 da farkon ƙarni na 20, Prilep wani ɓangare ne na Manastir Vilayet na Daular Ottoman. Bulgaria ta mamaye ta tsakanin 17 ga Nuwamba 1915 da 25 ga Satumba 1918 a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya . A shekarar 1918 Prilep ta zama wani ɓangare na Masarautar Serbia, Croats da Slovenia, kuma daga 1929 zuwa 1941 ta kasance wani ɓangare na Vardar Banovina na Masarautar Yugoslavia . A ranar 8 ga Afrilu 1941, kwana biyu kacal bayan fara mamayar 'yan tawayen Yugoslavia, sojojin Jamus sun mamaye Prilep, kuma a ranar 26 ga Afrilu 1941 sojojin Bulgaria suka mamaye birnin. Tare da mafi yawan yankunan Vardar Macedonia, Masarautar Bulgaria ta mayar da Prilep saniyar ware daga 1941 zuwa 1944. Kwamitin yanki na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Yugoslavia a shekarar 1941 ya shirya wani yunkuri na adawa da ikon Axis, inda ya kafa wani rukunin jam'iyya a Prilep. A ranar 11 ga Oktoba 1941, 'yan banga na gida suka kai hari kan ofishin 'yan sanda na yankin da sauran abubuwa, wanda hakan ya fara farkon gwagwarmayar 'yancin kai ta ƙasa . Bayan haka, Sojojin Jamus sun sake kwace garin. Bayan juyin mulkin da aka yi a ranar 9 ga Satumba, kwamandan rundunar sojojin Bulgaria ya ƙi janyewa ya ci gaba da zama a birnin tare da 'yan tawayen Yugoslavia, inda suka yi nasarar riƙe shi na tsawon kwanaki 10, wanda hakan ya hana sojojin Jamus motsi. Bayan haka Sojojin Jamus suka sake kwace garin. Jam'iyyun gurguzu sun sake kwace mulkin Prilep a ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, 1944. Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, an ayyana Prilep a matsayin gwarzon birni . Daga shekarar 1944 zuwa 1991, garin ya kasance ƙarƙashin Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Jamus ta Yugoslavia, a matsayin wani ɓangare na Jamhuriyar Macedonia mai mazauni. Tun daga shekarar 1991, garin ya kasance wani ɓangare na Jamhuriyar Arewacin Macedonia. A lokacin rikicin shekarar 2001, 'yan ƙabilar Macedonia sun kone Masallacin Charshi wanda aka gina tun ƙarni na 15 bayan an yi wa Masallacin kwanton bauna kusa da Karpalak . Sun kuma lalata shaguna da dama na 'yan asalin Albaniya.

Al'adu

Dutsen da ke kan Prilep—Zlatovrv

Cocin Sanarwa a Prilep

• Ɗaya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyi a birnin shine Cibiyar Al'adun Slavic ta Tsohon.
• An shirya wani wurin tarihi na fasaha a tsakiyar garin Prilep a Cibiyar Fasahar Zane-zane ta Zamani. An kafa wannan yankin a shekarar 1957 ta hannun masanin kayan tarihi Farfesa Boško Babikj, wanda Farfesa Babikj da mai zane-zanen ilimi Farfesa Risto Lozanovski suka shirya, wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin yankunan da ke kudu maso gabashin Turai kuma wataƙila mafi tsufa a yankin Balkans. Tana karbar bakuncin masu zane-zane da sassaka daban-daban (masu aiki a kan marmara, ƙarfe da itace) kowace shekara, kuma lokaci-lokaci, tana karbar bakuncin bita da taron karawa juna sani don zane-zanen gilashi (zanen gilashi), zane-zanen mosaic, daukar hoto, zane-zane da yumbu, daga ƙasashe daban-daban na duniya. Masu suka da masu ra'ayin da suka fi dacewa sun amince da tarin sassaka da aka sassaka a cikin itace a matsayin gadon al'adu.
• Kowace shekara a watan Oktoba, bikin kiɗan yara na duniya "Asterisks" yana haɗa yara daga ko'ina cikin duniya.
• Bikin Ƙwararrun Wasan Kwaikwayo na Macedonia, wanda ke girmama Vojdan Černodrinski, wanda aka haifa a ƙauyen Selci kusa da Struga da Debar, yana faruwa kowace shekara.
• Gidan ibada na Zrze da kuma gidan ibada na Mala'ika Mai Tsarki Michael tare da zane-zanensu na ƙarni na 12 da 14 sune wurare masu muhimmanci na al'adun Prilep.
• Bikin giya na Pivofest (bikin giya) biki ne na tsawon kwanaki hudu da ake gudanarwa a tsakiyar watan Yuli wanda ke jan hankalin kusan baƙi 200,000 zuwa birnin. Akwai wasannin kiɗa na duniya da na yanki da ake yi kowace dare a babban dandamali a dandalin garin da kuma a gidajen rawa daban-daban da ke kewaye da garin. Pivo Fest yana da karuwar yawan giyar ƙasashen waje da ta gida, haka kuma wata dama ce ga Prilep ta nuna shahararren abincin barbecue ɗinta wanda ake ɗauka mafi kyau a Arewacin Macedonia.
• Pročka wani biki ne na addini na gafara da biki wanda a shekara ta 2001 ya sami wani tsari a matsayin bikin Prilep kuma ya kasance memba na Tarayyar Biranen Carnival na Turai tun daga shekara ta 2006. Duk da sabon sunan da aka yi a hukumance, har yanzu mazauna yankin suna kiran bikin da Pročka kuma ana kiransa da haka a cikin jagorar yawon buɗe ido ta hukuma. Babban abin da ya fi daukar hankali a bikin shi ne faretin abin rufe fuska wanda ke ratsa tsakiyar garin kuma yana karbar bakuncin mahalarta daga kasashen Turai da dama. Akwai kyautar da ake bayarwa ga mafi kyawun sutura kuma yawancin kayan kwalliyar suna da kyau sosai. Akwai kuma kade-kade, bukukuwa, da abincin gargajiya a lokacin bikin, wanda ake gudanarwa a watan Fabrairu.

Harshe

Yaren Prilep shine tushen harshen Macedonian na Standard . Lokacin da aka kafa Jamhuriyar Gurguzu ta Macedonia a matsayin wani ɓangare na Yugoslavia a ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, an amince da harshen Macedonia a matsayin harshe na musamman. Sai aka zaɓi yarukan Prilep, Veles, Bitola da Ohrid a matsayin tushen sabon harshen hukuma, saboda matsayinsu na tsakiya a yankin Macedonia .

Fasaha da gine-gine

Hasumiyar Agogo a Prilep

Hasumiyar Agogo a shekarun 1920

Tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Prilep

Babban filin da ke Prilep ana kiransa "Alexandria", don girmama Alexander Mai Girma . An fara sake gina dandalin a shekarar 2005 kuma an kammala shi a shekarar 2006. An kashe Yuro 700,000 wajen sake gina ginin kuma mai zuba jari a cikinsa shi ne gundumar Prilep. A lokacin sake gina shi, an gina wani abin tunawa ga Alexander Mai Girma, da sauransu. An gina abin tunawa da Alexander the Great a shekara ta 2006, wanda wani mai sassaka na gida ya gina kuma wani ɗan ƙasar Macedonian da ya yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka ya ba da kuɗin gina shi. An sanya wani allo da ke bayyana cewa Alexander Mai Girma na da tarihin Hellene kuma an sanya shi a kan abin tunawa, bisa ga yarjejeniyar Prespa .

Wuraren tarihi da dama na zamanin da da suka gabata sun shahara da Prilep, ciki har da waɗanda ke Markovi Kuli, cocin St. Nicholas da aka gina a ƙarni na 13, da kuma gidan ibada na Treskavec (Hawan Uwar Allah Mai Tsarki), da kuma Sv. Cocin Preobraženie (Holy Annunciation) da kuma Kabarin Wanda Ba a Cika Ba, wani abin tunawa don girmama waɗanda aka ci zarafinsu a lokacin mulkin kama karya wanda ke cikin wurin shakatawa na Mogila na Prilep. An san wani babban makabartar Romawa a can kuma an sami sassan bango da yawa; wurin zama wataƙila shine tsohon Ceramiae da aka ambata a cikin Teburin Peutinger . Ana iya samun ragowar Romawa kusa da gidan ibada na Varoš, wanda aka gina a kan gangaren tudun, wanda daga baya al'ummar zamanin da suka shude suka zauna a ciki. Yawancin abubuwan tunawa na jana'izar Romawa na farko, wasu suna da sassaka na mamacin ko na Thracian Rider da sauran abubuwan tarihi da aka rubuta na hukuma, suna cikin farfajiyar cocin da ke ƙarƙashin gangaren kudu na Varoš . An gina wasu daga cikin manyan abubuwan tarihi a bangon cocin.

Manazarta

• Прилеп, Prilep
• Shafin yanar gizo na Pripep Municipality
• Prilep a shafin yanar gizo na Balkan Info Home
• "St. Kliment Ohridski" Jami'ar - Bitola
• Prilep Archived 2013-08-23 at the Wayback Machine a shafin yanar gizo na Cyber Macedonia
• "Asterisks" : Bikin kiɗan yara na duniya
• Стари фотографии од Прилеп
• Марко Цепенков
• Пеце Атанасоски
• Блаже Конески
• Gentherm