Prince Hall
 Prince Hall | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | Bridgetown, 1735 |
| ƙasa | Tarayyar Amurka |
| Mazauni | Massachusetts |
| Ƙabila | Afirkawan Amurka |
| Mutuwa | Boston, 4 Disamba 1807 |
| Makwanci |
Copp's Hill Burying Ground (en)  |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
civil rights advocate (en) |
| Mamba |
freemasonry (en) |
| Fafutuka |
Ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam Kau da Bautan Bayi |
Prince Hall (c. 1735/8 - Disamba 7, 1807) ɗan Amurka ne mai kawar da kai kuma jagora a cikin al'ummar baƙar fata masu 'yanci a Boston. Ya kafa Prince Hall Freemasonry kuma ya himmatu don haƙƙin ilimi ga yaran Amurkawa na Afirka. Ya kuma kasance mai fafutuka a cikin motsi na baya-bayan nan zuwa Afirka.[1]
Hall ya yi ƙoƙari ya sami wuri ga bayin New York da baƙar fata masu 'yanci a cikin Freemasonry, ilimi, da sojoji, wasu daga cikin muhimman sassa na al'umma a lokacinsa. Ana daukar Hall a matsayin wanda ya kafa "Black Freemasonry" a Amurka, wanda aka sani a yau da Prince Hall Freemasonry. Ya kafa Grand Lodge na Arewacin Amirka, kuma an zaɓe shi gaba ɗaya Babban Jagora kuma ya yi aiki har sai da ya mutu a 1807. Steve Gladstone, marubucin Freedom Trail Boston, ya ce Hall ya kasance "daya daga cikin manyan shugabannin baƙar fata masu kyauta a ƙarshen 1700s" [2]
Akwai ruɗani game da shekarar haihuwarsa, wurin da aka haife shi, iyayensa, da kuma aurensa, wani ɓangare saboda akwai “Zauren Sarki” da yawa a wannan lokacin.[3]
Rayuwar farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Hall tsakanin 1735 da 1738.[4][5] wurin haihuwarsa da iyayensa ba su da tabbas.[6] Hall ya ambata a cikin rubuce-rubucensa cewa New England ita ce mahaifarsa. The Prince Hall Grand Lodge na Massachusetts, a cikin Ayyukansa na 1906, ya zaɓi 1738, yana dogara da wasiƙar daga Reverend Jeremy Belknap, wanda ya kafa Ƙungiyar Tarihi ta Massachusetts.[7] Ranar 14 ga watan Satumba ne aka saba gudanar da bikin zagayowar ranar haihuwar Hall.
Shekarun farko na Hall ba su da tabbas. Masanin tarihi Charles H. Wesley ya yi hasashen cewa tun yana ɗan shekara 11, Hall ya kasance bawa (ko kuma yana hidima) ga mai yin tagulla na Boston William Hall, kuma a shekara ta 1770 ya kasance ɗan yanci, mai ilimi kuma koyaushe ana lissafta shi a matsayin ɗan yanci. A cikin Prince Hall marubuci kuma masanin tarihi David L. Gray ya bayyana cewa ya kasa samun wani tarihin tarihi a hukumance game da aikin.[8]
Yakin Juyin Juya Hali
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Hall ya ƙarfafa bayi da kuma 'yantar da baƙar fata su yi aiki a cikin sojojin mulkin mallaka na Amurka. Ya yi imanin cewa idan baƙar fata suka shiga cikin kafa sabuwar al'ummar, hakan zai taimaka wajen samun 'yanci ga dukan baƙar fata.[9] Hall ya ba da shawarar cewa Kwamitin Tsaro na Massachusetts ya ba wa baƙi damar shiga soja. Shi da ’yan uwansa masu goyon bayan koke sun kwatanta ayyukan da ba za a iya jurewa da bautar baƙar fata ba. An ƙi yarda da shawararsu.
Ingila ta fitar da sanarwar da ta ba wa bakaken fata 'yanci da suka shiga aikin sojan Burtaniya. Da sojojin Biritaniya suka cika mukamansu da sojojin bakar fata, sai sojojin kasashen duniya suka sauya shawararsu suka bar bakar fata shiga soja. An yi imani, amma ba a tabbata ba, cewa Hall yana ɗaya daga cikin "Zauren Yarima" shida daga Massachusetts don yin hidima a lokacin yaƙin.[10]
Bayan sun yi aiki a lokacin yakin juyin juya hali, yawancin Amurkawa na Afirka suna tsammanin, amma ba su sami daidaiton launin fata ba lokacin da yakin ya ƙare. Da nufin inganta rayuwar ’yan’uwan Ba’amurke, Hall ya haɗa kai da wasu don ba da shawarar kafa doka don daidaita haƙƙoƙin. Ya kuma dauki nauyin gudanar da al’amuran al’umma, kamar taruka na ilimi da na wasan kwaikwayo, don inganta rayuwar bakar fata[11]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Prince Hall (1735–1807)". Africans in America. WGBH-TV, Boston. Retrieved April 25, 2013
- ↑ Steve Gladstone (March 8, 2014). Freedom Trail Boston – Ultimate Tour & History Guide: Tips, Secrets, & Tricks. StevesTravelGuide. p. 53. GGKEY:8BK57CWLHRF
- ↑ Death notices which link Prince Hall to African Lodge, published on December 7, 1807, say he died at the age of 72, suggesting he was born in 1735.[3] A deposition dated August 31, 1807 records his age as "about 70 years".[4] A letter written in 1795 by Reverend Jeremy Belknap, a founder of the Massachusetts Historical Society, places Halls' birth in 1737 or 1738, based upon Prince Hall's stated age when Hall and Belknap met.[5][3]
- ↑ Walkes, Joseph (1981). Black Square & Compass. Richmond, Virginia: Macoy. p. 3.
- ↑ Gray, David (2003). Inside Prince Hall. Lancaster, Virginia: Anchor Communications. p. 42
- ↑ John B. Williams (September 2007). "The Grimshaw Offensive". The Phylaxis, The Phylaxis Society. Retrieved February 13, 2021
- ↑ John B. Williams (September 2007). "The Grimshaw Offensive". The Phylaxis, The Phylaxis Society. Retrieved February 13, 2021
- ↑ Wesley developed a theory about Prince Hall's early years. Based upon his research, by age 11, Prince Hall was enslaved by Boston tanner William Hall. By 1770, Prince Hall was a free, literate black man living in Boston.[7] A manumission certificate for Prince Hall, dated one month after the Boston Massacre in April 1770, stated he was "no longer Reckoned a slave, but always accounted as a free man".[1]
- ↑ Loretta J. Williams, Black Freemasonry and Middle-Class Realities, (University of Missouri Press, 1980).
- ↑ William A. Muraskin (1975). Middle-class Blacks in a White Society: Prince Hall Freemasonry in America. University of California Press. pp. 33–. ISBN 978-0-520-02705-3. Retrieved April 25, 2013
- ↑ Elizabeth M. Collins, Soldiers Live (February 27, 2013). "Black Soldiers in the Revolutionary War". The United States Army. Retrieved April 10, 2013