Radcliffe Telescope
Telescope na Radcliffe na 74 a cikin (1.9 m) na gani/kusa da infrared mai nuna na'urar hangen nesa ta Afirka ta Kudu a Sutherland, Arewacin Cape, Afirka ta Kudu.[1]
Lokacin da aka kammala ginin a cikin 1948, Radcliffe ita ce mafi girman na'urar hangen nesa a Kudancin Hemisphere, kuma haɗin gwiwa-na huɗu mafi girma a duniya. An sanye da na'urar hangen nesa tare da kewayon kayan aikin da ke aiki don hotuna, spectroscopy da polarimetry. Kwararrun masana ilmin taurari ke amfani da waɗannan don gudanar da bincike mai faɗi da yawa.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ƙarin bayani: Radcliffe Observatory
John Radcliffe, wanda amintaccen sadaka ya ba da gudummawar Radcliffe Observatory John Radcliffe (1650–1714) likitan Ingilishi ne kuma Mamba na Majalisar; almajiransa ita ce Jami'ar Oxford. Bai taba yin aure ba kuma ba shi da magada, don haka da ya mutu ya yi wasiyya da dimbin dukiyarsa ga amana ta sadaka.[3] Wannan Radcliffe Trust ta tallafa wa ayyukan jama'a a ciki da wajen Oxford, gami da Radcliffe Kamara da Radcliffe Infirmary. Bisa shawarar Thomas Hornsby, a cikin 1773 amintacciyar ta kafa Radcliffe Observatory a cikin yankin arewacin Oxford; ita ce cibiyar lura ta dindindin ta biyu da aka kafa a Biritaniya (bayan Greenwich Observatory).[4] Wannan binciken ya gudanar da bincike a sararin samaniya, da farko a karkashin jagorancin Farfesa Savilian na Jami'ar Oxford. A cikin 1839, Radcliffe Trust ta fara ba da tallafin kai tsaye ga Radcliffe Observer don gudanar da binciken, kuma an ci gaba da lura a Oxford.ya ci gaba da amfani ga mafi yawan ƙarni na gaba.[5] A cikin 1924 Harold Knox-Shaw ya zama Radcliffe Observer. A wannan lokacin cibiyar binciken ta yi ta fafutukar ci gaba da kasancewa a sahun gaba wajen binciken falaki, saboda wasu dalilai. Mafi girman na'urar hangen nesa a Oxford shine mai 24 in (61 cm) refractor, amma wannan ba kayan aikin zamani ba ne kuma an daɗe da rufe shi da manyan sabbin na'urori masu nuna kyama. Musamman, masana ilmin taurari a Amurka yanzu sun sami damar yin amfani da kayan aikin da suka fi girma-kamar 60 in (1.5 m) Hale Telescope (aka kammala 1908) da 100 in (2.5 m) Hooker Telescope (1917).[6] Abubuwa da yawa sun sa Oxford ya daina zama wurin da ya dace don cibiyar bincike. Birnin ya fadada sosai tun karni na sha takwas; yanzu an sami ƙazamin ƙazamin haske da rashin gani. Yanayin Birtaniyya shi ma ya kasance cikas, inda dare da yawa suka rasa gajimare. Makwabciyar Radcliffe Infirmary tana da sha'awar faɗaɗa gine-ginenta, kuma babu ɗaki ga babban wurin da za a buƙaci don kowane sabon na'urar hangen nesa.
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