Rafic Hariri
_Grand_Gwanghwa_Medal_ribbon.gif){kind=small}
Rafic Bahaa El Deen al-Hariri (Larabci: رفيق بهاء الدين الحريري, romanized: Rafīq Bahāʾ ad-Dīn al-Ḥarīrī; 1 Nuwamba 1944 - 14 ga Fabrairu 2005) ya kasance firayim ministan Lebanon kuma ɗan kasuwa ne na Lebanon kuma ɗan kasuwa daga 1992 zuwa 1998 da kuma daga 2000 zuwa 2004.
Hariri ya jagoranci majalisar ministoci guda biyar a zamaninsa. An yaba masa da rawar da ya taka wajen gina yarjejeniyar Taif da ta kawo karshen yakin basasar Lebanon na shekaru 15. Ya kuma taka rawar gani wajen sake gina babban birnin kasar Labanon wato Beirut. Shi ne firayim minista na farko bayan yakin basasa kuma dan siyasa mafi tasiri da arziki a Lebanon a lokacin. A wa'adin farko na Hariri a matsayin firaminista, rikici ya karu tsakanin Isra'ila da Lebanon, sakamakon kisan kiyashin da aka yi a Qana. A shekara ta 2000, a lokacin mulkinsa na biyu, babbar nasarar da ya samu ita ce janyewar Isra'ila daga kudancin Lebanon, wanda ya kawo karshen mamayar da ta yi shekaru 18, yayin da gwamnatinsa ta karfafa alaka da Ba'ath na Syria.
A ranar 14 ga Fabrairun 2005, an kashe Hariri a wani harin kunar bakin wake a Beirut. An gurfanar da wasu ‘yan kungiyar Hizbullah guda hudu da laifin kisan, kuma kotun musamman ta Lebanon na fuskantar shari’a a gabansu, amma wasu na alakanta kisan da gwamnatin Syria. Sakamakon binciken da aka yi na tsawon shekaru 15 ya kai ga yanke hukunci kan wasu mutane da dama da ke cikin jam'iyyar Hizbullah da ke halartar taron; Sai dai wanda ya rage a raye shi ne Salim Ayyash, wanda ke da alaka mai kyau, mai matsakaicin matsayi a kungiyar Hizbullah[1]. Kisan dai ya kasance wani gagarumin sauyi na siyasa a Lebanon. Gagarumin zanga-zangar juyin juya halin Cedar ta taimaka wajen samun nasarar janyewar sojojin Siriya da jami'an tsaro daga Lebanon da kuma samun sauyi na gwamnati. A wani lokaci, Hariri yana daya daga cikin mutane 100 mafi arziki a duniya [2]kuma dan siyasa na hudu mafi arziki[3]
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Hariri a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba 1944 ga dangin musulmi 'yan Sunni masu girman kai a birnin Sidon mai tashar jiragen ruwa na Lebanon. Yana da ‘yan’uwa guda biyu (kane Shafic da ‘yar’uwar Bahia).[4]Ya halarci makarantar firamare da sakandare a Sidon, [5] kuma ya sauke karatu a fannin harkokin kasuwanci daga Jami'ar Larabawa ta Beirut.[6]
Sana'ar
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A shekarar 1965, Hariri ya tafi Saudiyya aiki.[7]A nan ya koyar da shi na dan lokaci kadan kafin ya koma harkar gine-gine.A cikin 1978, ya sami ɗan ƙasar Saudi Arabiya, [8] ban da ɗan ƙasarsa na Lebanon. A shekara ta 1969, Hariri ya kafa Ciconest, karamin kamfani na kwangila, wanda ba da daɗewa ba ya daina kasuwanci. Daga nan ya shiga kasuwanci tare da kamfanin gine-gine na Faransa Oger domin gina otal a birnin Ta’if na kasar Saudiyya, wanda ginin da aka yi a kan lokaci ya samu yabo daga Sarki Khaled. Hariri ya karbi Oger, inda ya kafa Saudi Oger, wanda ya zama babban kamfanin gine-ginen da gidan sarautar Saudiyya ke amfani da shi don dukkan muhimman ci gaban da suka samu. A sakamakon haka, ’yan shekaru bayan kwangilarsa ta farko da Sarki Khaled, Hariri ya zama hamshakin biliyoyin kudi.
Bayan da ya tara dukiyarsa, Hariri ya fara ayyukan jin kai da dama, ciki har da gina wuraren ilimi a Lebanon. Shirinsa na farko a kasar Labanon shi ne kungiyar Musulunci ta Al'adu da Ilimi, wadda ya kafa a shekarar 1979.Daga baya aka mayar da kungiyar suna zuwa Hariri Foundation.Hariri ya ci gaba da shiga harkokin siyasa. Kiraye-kirayen da ya yi ga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da aiyuka a matsayinsa na manzo zuwa gidan sarautar Saudiyya ya sa ya samu karbuwa a duniya a fagen siyasa saboda kokarinsa na jin kai. A shekarar 1982, Hariri ya ba da gudummawar dalar Amurka miliyan 12 ga 'yan kasar Lebanon wadanda rikicin Kudancin Lebanon ya rutsa da su a shekarar 1978, ya kuma taimaka wajen tsaftace titunan birnin Beirut da kudaden kamfaninsa da kuma ba da gudummawa ga kokarin sake gina kasar tun lokacin yakin Lebanon. An ce ya samu tallafin kudade masu yawa a lokacin yakin, tsohon mataimakinsa Najah Wakim daga baya ya zarge shi da taimakawa wajen ruguza birnin Beirut don sake gina shi da kuma samun biliyoyin daloli a cikin wannan tsari.Bayan rikicin, ya zama wakilin gidan sarautar Saudiyya a Labanon. Ya aza harsashin da ya kai ga cimma yarjejeniyar Taif a shekarar 1989, wadda Saudiyya ta shirya domin hada bangarorin da ke fada da juna. Taif dai ya kawo karshen yakin basasa, tare da gina kyakkyawar fata ga Hariri a siyasance. Yayin da yake rike da mukamin wakilin Saudiyya a kasar Labanon, ya shafe tsawon lokaci a Damascus fiye da Beirut inda ya taya gwamnatin Assad murna; ya gina wani sabon fadar shugaban kasa a Damascus a matsayin kyauta ga ’yan mulkin Syria amma Assad bai yi amfani da shi da kansa ba.
Rayuwar sirri
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Hariri ya yi aure sau biyu. Yana da 'ya'ya shida. A shekarar 1965, ya auri wata ‘yar kasar Iraqi mai suna Nidal Bustani, wadda ita ce mahaifiyar ‘ya’yansa maza uku; Bahaa (an haife shi a shekara ta 1967), ɗan kasuwa ne, Saad (an haife shi a shekara ta 1970), wanda ya gaji mahaifinsa a matsayin jagoran tafiyar nan gaba, da Houssam—wanda ya mutu a wani hatsarin mota a Amurka a ƙarshen 1980s. Suka rabu. Ya auri matarsa ta biyu Nazik Audi a shekara ta 1976 kuma ita ce mahaifiyar ‘ya’yan Hariri uku: Ayman, Fahd da Hind. Daga 1982 har zuwa mutuwarsa, Hariri ya mallaki 2–8a Rutland Gate, babban gida a gundumar Knightsbridge ta Landan. An ba da kyautar gidan ga Yarima mai jiran gado na Saudiyya, Sultan bin Abdulaziz, bayan kisan Hariri.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Rafik Hariri tribunal: Guilty verdict over assassination of Lebanon ex-PM". BBC News. 18 August 2020.
- ↑ Rafik Hariri: Billionaire politician". BBC. Retrieved 18 August 2020.
- ↑ "Forbes says Hariri ranks fourth among wealthy politicians". The Daily Star. Retrieved 18 August 2020.
- ↑ "Rafiq Al Hariri's biography". Rafiq Hariri Foundation. Archived from the original on 8 August 2020. Retrieved 30 September 2020.
- ↑ "Rafiq Al Hariri's biography". Rafiq Hariri Foundation. Archived from the original on 8 August 2020. Retrieved 30 September 2020.
- ↑ Worth, Robert F. (30 June 2011). "Rafik Hariri". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015.
- ↑ Worth, Robert F. (30 June 2011). "Rafik Hariri". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015.
- ↑ Worth, Robert F. (30 June 2011). "Rafik Hariri". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015.