Rafin Waiwhetū
| Waiwhetū Stream | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Samfuri:Maplink | |
| Location | |
| Country | New Zealand |
| Region | Wellington |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mouth | |
• location | Wellington Harbour |
• elevation | Samfuri:Infobox river/calcunit |
| Length | Samfuri:Infobox river/calcunit |
| Basin size | Samfuri:Infobox river/calcunit |
| • minimum | Samfuri:Infobox river/calcunit |
| • average | Samfuri:Infobox river/calcunit |
| • maximum | Samfuri:Infobox river/calcunit |
| Basin features | |
Rafin Waiwhetū ƙaramin mashigar ruwa ne a cikin Lower Hutt, a Arewacin Tsibirin New Zealand. Rafin ya ratsa gabashin kwarin Hutt, kuma ya shiga Wellington Harbor a bakin kogin Hutt. Ci gaban kwarin Hutt da ƙauyuka tun zuwan mazauna ya haifar da ƙara gurɓata yanayi da gurɓacewar muhalli. An karkatar da kogin zuwa magudanan ruwan kankare a wasu sassan da nufin rage ambaliya.
Ci gaban masana'antu a yankin da ke kusa da ƙananan magudanar ruwa ya kai ga wannan ɓangaren ya zama magudanar ruwa na masana'antu. An daina zubar da sharar masana'antu zuwa ƙananan wurare a cikin shekarun 1980 lokacin da sharar kasuwanci ta haɗa da manyan bututun bututu. Duk da haka, rafin ya kasance mai gurɓatacce sosai tare da lalata mai guba. A cikin 2010, an bayyana rafin a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙazantar ruwa a cikin New Zealand. Matsin lamba daga al'umma tun daga shekara ta 2003 ya taimaka wajen haifar da babban aiki don tsaftace ƙananan wurare. An ayyana wannan aikin a watan Yunin 2010, bayan kwashe tan 56,000 na sharar guba.
A cikin 2010-2011, an kafa ƙungiyar al'umma don jagorantar maido da manyan wuraren rafi. A cikin tsawon shekaru 10, masu aikin sa kai sun share ciyawar ruwa da datti daga nisan kilomita shida (3.7 mi) na gadon rafi kuma sun kafa kusan tsirrai 34,000 na cikin gida a bakin rafi.
Toponymy
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Waiwhetū na nufin "tauraron da ke nuna ruwa" a cikin Māori, kuma shine sunan da aka ba da asalin pā a yankin, marae na gida, unguwar, da rafi. Waiwhetū Stream sunan hukuma ne wanda Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta New Zealand ta amince da shi.[1]
Yanayin ƙasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Kogin yana da maɓuɓɓugar ruwansa a tsaunin Hutt na Gabas, sama da kewayen Wingate da Naenae a cikin ƙananan Hutt. Tana da fili mai faɗin murabba'in kilomita 18 (6.9 sq mi). Rafin yana da nisan kilomita tara (5.6 mi) tsawonsa kuma ya ratsa gabas ta Gabas ta Fairfield, Waterloo, da Waiwhetū, da kuma yankunan masana'antu na Seaview da Gracefield kafin shiga bakin kogin Hutt Te Awa Kairangi yayin da ya isa Wellington Harbor. :13
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kogin ya kasance tushen abinci ne na al'ada ga Māori na gida, yana ba da farinbait, eels da watercress.[2]
Kafin girgizar ƙasa ta Wairarapa ta 1855, jiragen ruwa masu girma don cinikin bakin teku na iya kewayawa a ƙananan kogin Waiwhetū, kuma akwai wuraren jirgin ruwa da yawa. Ɗaya daga cikin tashar jiragen ruwa yana kusa da inda Whites Line East ya haye rafin.[3] : 23 Koyaya, girgizar ƙasa ta ɗaga matakin kwarin da mita 1.5 (4 ft 11 in), kuma rafin ba ya iya tafiya.
Ambaliyar ruwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kogin yana da maɓuɓɓugar ruwansa a tsaunin Hutt na Gabas, sama da kewayen Wingate da Naenae a cikin ƙananan Hutt. Tana da fili mai faɗin murabba'in kilomita 18 (6.9 sq mi). Rafin yana da nisan kilomita tara (5.6 mi) tsawonsa kuma ya ratsa gabas ta Gabas ta Fairfield, Waterloo, da Waiwhetū, da kuma yankunan masana'antu na Seaview da Gracefield kafin shiga bakin kogin Hutt Te Awa Kairangi yayin da ya isa Wellington Harbor.
Tun daga farkon lokacin mulkin mallaka, Kogin Waiwhetū shine tushen ambaliyar ruwa na lokaci-lokaci wanda ya haifar da asarar kaya da lalacewar dukiya. Ruwan sama mai yawa a watan Yulin 1912 da Agusta 1928 ya haifar da Kogin Waiwhetū wanda ya cika bankunan sa kuma ya ambaliya Hutt Park da ke kusa da shi da yankin.
Mazauna da ke zaune kusa da rafin an buƙaci su kwashe gidajensu a ranar 15 ga Nuwamba 2016 saboda matakan ambaliyar ruwa.
Ginin garken
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An kafa injin garke a cikin 1898 a cikin Fairfield, kusa da rafin Waiwhetū a mahadar abin da ke yanzu Rumgay Street da Riverside Drive. Ya yi amfani da magudanar ruwa a cikin rafi da ƙafar ruwan nono a matsayin tushen ƙarfin injina. Garken garken ya yi aiki kusan shekaru 50, amma batun shari'a ne a 1909-1910 wanda aka saurare shi a Kotun Koli game da illar ambaliyar ruwa da aka yi ta hanyar gina weir a cikin rafi.[4]
Kifi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An kama wani babban eel mai nauyin kusan kilo 11 (25 a cikin rafin a cikin 1876. The Acclimatisation Society ta 'yantar da perch a cikin Waiwhetū Stream a cikin shekara ta 1913. An kama wani abu mai ban mamaki a 1924 tare da kama wani lamprey a cikin rafin.
Ra'ayi na jama'a
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin 1906, wata jarida ta nuna hotuna na al'amuran da ke saman Kogin Waiwhetū .
A cikin tallan dukiya a cikin 1928, an bayyana Kogin Waiwhetū a matsayin "Avon na Wellington".
A cikin 1937, kwamitin da ke kula da Hutt Park ya yi la'akari da wani tsari na gina wani weir a cikin Waiwhetū Stream da ke kusa da shi don a iya amfani da shi don wanka, har ma a lokacin low tide.
A cikin 1904, an yi zargi mai karfi ga Ma'aikatar Lafiya don ba da damar ci gaba da fitar da datti daga dubban masu tallafawa a filin tseren Hutt Park zuwa ƙananan rafin Waiwhetū .
Akwai rahotanni na zubar da ruwa ba bisa ka'ida ba a cikin Kogin Waiwhetū tun farkon 1928.
A cikin 1926, Gwamnati ta karɓi takardun shaida don gina sabbin wuraren bita na jirgin ƙasa a wani yanki na masana'antu kusa da Kogin Waiwhetū .
A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1929, Majalisar Lower Hutt Borough ta ba da tanadi na £ 6,250 don gina tankuna a kusa da tashar Waiwhetū Stream .
A cikin 1936, an ba da sanarwa ga ma'adinin garken don dakatar da fitar da ƙura cikin rafin.
A cikin 1936, 1937 da 1938, akwai korafe-korafe da yawa daga mai kula da Hutt Park da injiniyan Hutt River Board cewa ana gurɓata rafin ta hanyar ci gaba da fitar da mai daga wuraren bitar jirgin ƙasa. A shekara ta 1938, an hana yara yin iyo a cikin rafin.
Ci gaba a kwarin Hutt da ƙauyuka ya haifar da kawar da ciyayi a gefen rafi, da canje-canje ga yanayin yanayinsa. Ya zama gurbatacce kuma zubar da shara ba bisa ka'ida ba ya shafe ta. Ƙarƙashin ƙasa an gurbata su da fitar da masana'antu, gami da rini daga masana'antar kafet da ke kusa. A cikin 1972, rafin ya kama wuta saboda yawan abubuwan da ake fitarwa.
An kafa kungiyar aiki ta Waiwhetū Stream a cikin 2000 don ba da shawara don maido da rafin. : 18 :18
A shekara ta 2003, wani rahoto game da yanayin muhalli da Majalisar Yankin Greater Wellington ta buga ya lissafa Kogin Waiwhetū a matsayin daya daga cikin koguna biyar da suka fi gurɓata a yankin.
A watan Yulin 2021, an gurɓata rafin tare da fitar da datti mara magani daga tashoshin famfo na ɗan gajeren lokaci bayan ruwan sama mai yawa. A lokacin wani babban ruwan sama a watan Disamba na 2021, an sake fitar da datti na gaggawa daga tashar famfo zuwa cikin rafin, wanda ya haifar da zanga-zangar daga Māori na gida.[5]
Cire rafin (1920s-1940)
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Hukumar Hutt River ta kira takardun shaida a watan Nuwamba 1925 don share saman rafin. A cikin 1928, Hukumar Hutt River ta amince da share rafin tsakanin gadar hanya da tashar.
Daga baya a cikin 1929, Hukumar Hutt River ta fara aiki kan zurfafawa da share hanyar fita daga rafin.
A cikin 1931, Hukumar Hutt River ta ba da rahoton cewa ta kashe £ 1,000 a cikin watanni 12 da suka gabata a kan hako Kogin Waiwhetū . A cikin 1935, kwamitin Hutt Park ya sami tallafi daga Ma'aikatar Lands da Bincike don aikin dasa bishiyoyi a kowane bangare na Waiwhetū Stream a kusa da Hutt Park.
Maidowa (daga 2010)
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Cire sharar gida mai guba
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An yi amfani da ƙananan magudanar ruwa azaman magudanar ruwa na masana'antu. A shekara ta 2001, duk da shekaru 20 da rufe sharar kasuwanci daga masana'antu a yankin, kogin yana da gurɓataccen gurɓataccen ruwa mai guba. Laka a cikin gadon rafi har zuwa zurfin mita 1.5 (4 ft 11 in) ya gurbata sosai da gubar, zinc, DDT da hydrocarbons gami da dizal, mai da fetur. A cikin 2003, an kiyasta cewa akwai gurɓataccen gurɓataccen ruwa mita 30,000 (cubic 1,100,000 cu ft) a cikin ɗan gajeren sashe na rafi tsakanin titin Seaview da gadar dogo da ke arewacin ƙauyen Hutt Park Holiday. Kungiyoyin yankin sun bukaci da a gudanar da aikin tsaftace muhalli.
An fara babban aikin tsaftacewa a cikin 2009 don cire mita 12,000 (420,000 cu na gurbataccen laka daga ƙananan rafin. Majalisar Birnin Hutt, Babban Majalisar Yankin Wellington da Ma'aikatar Muhalli ne suka ba da kuɗin aikin, kuma ya kai sama da dala miliyan 20. A lokacin, an bayyana rafin a matsayin daya daga cikin hanyoyin ruwa mafi gurɓata a kasar. An ayyana tsaftacewa a watan Yunin 2010, bayan cire tan 56,000 na sharar gida mai guba.
Maido da rafin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A cikin 2010-2011, an kafa ƙungiyar masu sa kai na mazauna a matsayin Abokan Waiwhetū Stream don yin aiki a matsayin masu kula da kuma daukar mataki don dawo da saman rafin, tare da goyon bayan Babban Majalisar Yankin Wellington da Majalisar Birnin Hutt. [6] Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan farko da aka yi shi ne cire shuke-shuke na ruwa mai mamayewa na Cape pond wanda ya mamaye rafin kuma ya hana ruwa. A cikin shekaru uku, masu sa kai sun cire da hannu kusan tsire-tsire 300,000 daga kilomita 3.4 (2.1 na rafin. : 26 A cikin 2023, Abokan Waiwhetū Stream sun ba da rahoton cewa zubar da ruwa na shekara-shekara na kogin ya nuna cewa babu sauran tsire-tsire na tafkin Cape.[2] Har ila yau, ƙungiyar tana sarrafa wasu tsire-tsire masu mamayewa a bakin rafin kamar su tradescantia da blackberry, kuma suna ba da gudummawa ga binciken kifi da invertebrates a cikin rafin.[2]
A cikin lokacin daga 2011 zuwa 2021, masu sa kai sun dasa shuke-shuke 34,000 na muhalli, tare da kilomita shida (3.7 na bankunan rafin.[7] :33
Daga 2015-2017, an gudanar da ƙananan ayyuka guda biyu a Naenae a kan shimfidar rafi wanda aka mayar da shi tasha mai mahimmanci a cikin 1930s ko 1940s. An cire wani yanki na simintin simintin da ke gefen tashar kuma aka sanya shuke-shuke. Cire simintin yana da tsada, don haka wani maganin da aka gwada shi ne dasa gefuna na simintin don sassauta gefen rafi. An sanya duwatsu a cikin tashar rafi don rage kwararar ruwa, wanda ya ba da damar inanga ya kewaya sama tare da samar da mafi kyawun ruwa.
A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2019, Majalisar Birnin Hutt ta ba da umarnin mural na mosaic wanda ke murna da dawowar flora da fauna bayan maido da rafin.[8]
Tsire-tsire na tsabtace ruwa da fitowar ruwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kafin shekara ta 2001, an bincika ruwa mai guba daga dukan kwarin Hutt sannan aka kwashe shi ba tare da wani ƙarin magani ba ta hanyar bututun mai a gabashin gabar tekun Wellington zuwa fitowar teku kusa da ƙofar tashar jiragen ruwa a Pencarrow Head. A cikin shekarun 1990s, zubar da datti marar magani a cikin teku ya zama abin da ba a yarda da shi ba. Shirye-shiryen sabon shirin kula da datti ya fara ne a tsakiyar shekarun 1990. A cikin 1998, an kira masu ba da gudummawa don ƙira, ginawa da aiki kwangila don gina masana'antar magani a Seaview wanda zai samar da magani na biyu na duk datti daga Hutt Valley da Wainuiomata . [9] Ya kasance kusa da Kogin Waiwhetū . An ba da kwangila a cikin 1999, kuma an ba da izinin shuka a cikin 2001.
A cikin shekara ta 2011, Majalisar Birnin Hutt ta nemi izinin shekaru 35 don fitar da ruwa na wucin gadi kai tsaye a cikin Kogin Waiwhetū. Za a buƙaci waɗannan fitarwa lokacin da ake buƙatar kulawa a kan babban bututun mai. Rashin fitarwa na wucin gadi yana haifar da gurɓata a cikin ƙananan rafin Waiwhetū da kuma a cikin kogin Hutt, yana sa ya zama mara lafiya don tattara kifi, kifi ko yin iyo a yankin. Abokan Waiwhetū Stream da Māori na gida sun yi adawa da yardar.
A cikin Maris 2022, Wellington Water ya ba da rahoton yabo a cikin bututun zuwa faɗuwar, a yankin Seaview. Gyaran bututun ya buƙaci rufe bututun, da kuma fitar da ruwan dattin da aka yi da shi a cikin rafin Waiwhetū yayin da ake yin gyaran. A cikin Satumba 2023, Wellington Water ya annabta cewa rufe bututun don gyare-gyare zai ƙara zama akai-akai, mai yuwuwa ya tashi zuwa sau 30 a kowace shekara, tare da lokacin gyara na yau da kullun na mako 1, wanda ke haifar da maimaita fitar da ruwan sha da aka sarrafa a cikin rafin Waiwhetū. Zaɓuɓɓukan da aka gabatar wa majalisar Hutt City da Upper Hutt sun haɗa da gyaran bututun da ake da su, ko gina sabon bututun mai a Wellington Harbour. Kudin hasashen sabon bututun mai ya kai kusan dala miliyan 700, tare da ƙarin dala miliyan 300 da ake buƙata don haɓaka masana'antar kula da Seaview, gami da na'urar bushewa mai maye gurbin.
Bayanan da aka ambata
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Waiwhetū Stream". Toitū Te Whenua Land Information New Zealand. Archived from the original on 21 April 2023. Retrieved 14 May 2023.
- 1 2 3 Boyack, Nicholas (6 September 2023). "Friends win battle against South African invasive weeds". The Post. Archived from the original on 8 September 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2023. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "boyack" defined multiple times with different content. - ↑ Easther, John (1991). "The Hutt River = Te-Awa-kai-rangi: A Modern History Ch 2 – Settlement, Stagnation and Growth 1840–1899" (PDF). Greater Wellington Regional Council. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 September 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
- ↑ "Hutt Flock Mills, Norton Park, Lower Hutt, New Zealand". Windmill World. Archived from the original on 22 May 2023. Retrieved 15 May 2023.
- ↑ Te Wake, Whatitiri (8 December 2021). "Local Māori shocked at sewage pumped into the Waiwhetū stream". Māori Television (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 14 May 2023. Retrieved 14 May 2023.
- ↑ "Public excitement over Waiwhetu Stream clean up". Greater Wellington Regional Council. 18 March 2010. Archived from the original on 3 May 2017. Retrieved 2023-09-05.
- ↑ Harvie, Will (2021-09-06). "Understanding 'eco-sourced' native seeds". Stuff (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 14 May 2023. Retrieved 2023-05-14.
- ↑ "New mosaic celebrates wildlife at Waiwhetū Stream". Hutt City Council News (in Turanci). 2019-03-31. Archived from the original on 14 May 2023. Retrieved 2023-05-14.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named ":02".
- DigitalNZ.org/stories/5be7170c125757330a08f380" id="mwBHQ" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Tarihin Waiwhetū a DigitalNZ
- Abokai na Waiwhetū Stream
- Hoton bidiyo na Abokan Waiwhetū Stream
- Ingancin ruwa - Kogin Waiwhetū a Whites Line East
- Kogin Waiwhetū, bidiyon Wellington ta Land, Air, Water Aotearoa, Satumba 2015
- Hoton gurɓataccen Kogin Waiwhetū a cikin 1975
- Rashin ruwa daga Naenae zuwa Waddington Drive, gami da ma'aikatan majalisa suna shuka ciyawa a Naenae Park a gaba, 1958. Tarin Post na yamma, Alexander Turnbull Library.
41°13′16″S 174°55′26″E / 41.221°S 174.924°ESamfuri:Lower Hutt