Rafin pangani
| Rafin pangani | |
|---|---|
 | |
| General information | |
| Tsawo | 420 km |
| Labarin ƙasa | |
 | |
| Tsarin Daidaiton Labarin Kasa | 3°49′38″S 37°28′09″E / 3.8272°S 37.4692°E |
| Kasa | Tanzaniya |
Hydrography (en)  | |
| Tributary (en) | duba
|
| Watershed area (en) | 42,000 km² |
| Ruwan ruwa | Pangani River basin (en) |
| River source (en) | Nyumba ya Mungu Reservoir (en) |
| River mouth (en) | Tekun Indiya |
Kogin Pangani ( Mto Pangani, a Swahili ), (wanda kuma ake kira Luffu da Jipe Ruvu, musamman a tsoffin majiyoyi, kuma wataƙila ana kiransa Rhaptus ) babban kogi ne a arewa maso gabashin Tanzania . Yana da manyan majiyoyi guda biyu: [1] Ruvu, wanda ke tashi yayin da Lumi ke Kilimanjaro, yana ratsa tafkin Jipe, kuma yana kwarara zuwa cikin madatsar ruwa ta Nyumba ya Mungu, da kuma Kogin Kikuletwa, wanda ke fitowa daga yamma kuma galibin kogunan Dutsen Meru ne ke ciyar da su a Yankin Arusha, wanda kuma ke shiga cikin madatsar ruwa ta Nyumba ya Mungu a Yankin Kilimanjaro . Bayan barin madatsar ruwa, rafin ya zama babban Pangani, wanda ke kwarara zuwa Tekun Indiya a Yankin Tanga a garin Pangani mai tashar jiragen ruwa na Tangan.
Tsawon tsawonsa kogin yana gudana a kan iyakokin yankin Kilimanjaro da Yankin Manyara, kafin ya kwarara zuwa Yankin Tanga, wanda ke dauke da fadin murabba'in kilomita 68. Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta MW Pangani da Madatsar Ruwan Pangani . Akwai tsibirai da dama da ke zaune a cikin kogin. Kogin yana cike da kada; dorinar ruwa ba ta da yawa a ƙananan sassansa.
Asalin Ma'anar
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Babban tushen Pangani ya samo asali ne daga Kilimanjaro, inda yake Kogin Lumi . Ana iya ɗaukar tafkin Jipe a matsayin wani ɓangare na Lumi. A ƙasan tafkin Jipe da kuma sama da magudanar ruwa, ana kiran kogin da "Ruvu". [2]
A da, babban hanyar zuwa teku ana kiranta da "Ruvu" da "Pangani". A zamanin yau, an sanya wannan a matsayin "Pangani" daga ma'ajiyar Nyumba ya Mungu zuwa Teku. Yayin da Swahili ke kiransa " Pangani " (ma'ana rarrabawa ko shirya), ana kiransa " Luffu " ta Wasambara (wanda ya samo asali daga yankin Nderema, a kan tuddai uku da ke kusa da bakin teku) da Zigua (waɗanda ke zaune a tsibiran kogin). [2] Kusan dukkan hukumomi sun yarda cewa kogin "Rhaptus" na taswirar Ptolemy shine Pangani na taswirorin zamani.
Yanayin ƙasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Pangani yana da nisan 500 kilometres (310 mi) a tsayi. [3]
Wani maɓuɓɓugar kogin yana fitowa a Kilimanjaro, kimanin 120 miles (190 km) daga teku. An san shi da Lumi a wannan yanki, hanyarsa tana ratsawa ta tafkin Jipe. Ɗayan kuma yana kan Dutsen Meru a yamma kuma an san shi da Kikuletwa . Kamar dukkan kogunan Afirka, zurfinsa ya bambanta dangane da yanayi. Kogin yana da tsayi a kusa da watan Mayu kuma mafi ƙanƙanta a kusa da Oktoba. Wani majiya kuma shine Kogin Saunyi a gundumar Kilindi .
- Tsakiyar sashe
Ana iya tafiya da shi zuwa ƙananan jiragen ruwa tsakanin tafkin da Höhnel Cataracts, jerin raƙuman ruwa. A ƙarƙashin Höhnel Cataracts, yana da rafuka da yawa, da kuma tsibirai da yawa waɗanda ke da ƙauyuka a kansu. Kogin ya fi ƙarfi a sama da Koleni, a cikin mil 5 daga Pangani Falls, inda kogin yake da kunkuntar. Wannan ɓangaren ba za a iya tafiya da shi ba ga wani nisa mai nisa saboda magudanar ruwa, wanda yake kimanin 30 miles (48 km) daga bakin. Kimanin 4 miles (6.4 km) daga bakin, dausayin mangwaro mai yawa ya mamaye ƙasa mai faɗi tsakanin tsaunuka a kowane gefe. A wannan yanki, kusa da Teufelsfelsen, akwai ƙasa mai tsayi, yanki mai albarka, da kuma busasshiyar Masai Steppe . [3] A wannan gefen akwai Dutsen Kovu Kovu, 360 feet (110 m) a tsayi, yayin da a gefen kudu akwai tudu mai 400 feet (120 m) tsayi. Pombwe, ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙauyukan da ke kan kogin, tana da nisan 1 mile (1.6 km) yamma da Kovu Kovu. Sama da Pombwe, itacen dabino na Yammacin Afirka yana tsiro, yayin da a ƙasa da Pombwe, bishiyoyi galibi sune bishiyoyin areca da kwakwa. Ƙauyen Lemkuna da ƙauyen Ngage suna kan gabar yammacin kogin, yayin da Mvungwe da Meserani suna kan gabar gabashin kogin.
- Baki
Bakin yana da nisan 52 kilometres (32 mi) kudu da Tanga . Kogin yana da ruwa mai ƙarfi na tsawon 22 miles (35 km) daga ƙofar shiga. Gefen kudu na ƙofar an yi masa alama da wani dutse mai lanƙwasa mai suna Bweni, kimanin 200 feet (61 m) tsayi; akwai wani ƙauye mai suna iri ɗaya, Bweni, wanda ke nan. Gefen arewa na ƙofar akwai rairayin bakin teku mai faɗi wanda ya miƙe daga saman teku. Akwai matsugunai da yawa a ƙofar, biyu a arewa da biyu a gefen kudu. A tarihi, garin Pangani, a gefen hagu na kogin, ya yi suna wajen zazzabi. A bakin tekunsa, kusa da garin Pangani, kogin yana da tsawon 600 feet (180 m) a faɗin, da kuma 12–15 feet (3.7–4.6 m) zurfi.
- Magudanar ruwa
Magudanan ruwa da yawa da ke fitowa daga tsaunin Pare, tsaunin Usambara da jejin Wasegiia suna shiga cikin Pangani. Waɗannan sun haɗa da Kibaya, Komkuza, Kwachigulu, Kwamwadyau da Mnyusi.
Tsarin Halittar Halitta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Matsakaicin kwararar Pangani a kowane wata da aka auna a tashar ruwa da ke Korogwe Estate, kimanin 110 km sama da baki a cikin m³ / s (1959–77). Guduwar Pangani tana motsa dangane da lokaci, kamar yawancin koguna a yankin.
Tafkin Pangani
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tafkin Pangani (PB) yana ɗaya daga cikin magudanan ruwa guda tara na Tanzaniya. Ya tashi daga tsaunukan arewa zuwa gabar tekun arewa maso gabashin Tanzaniya, faɗin PB yana da kusan 56,300 square kilometres (21,700 sq mi) a girmansa, wanda 4,880 square kilometres (1,880 sq mi) yana cikin Kenya. Ƙananan kwaruruka guda biyar sun ƙunshi kwarin: Kogin Pangani ( 43,650 square kilometres (16,850 sq mi) ), Kogin Umba ( 8,070 square kilometres (3,120 sq mi) ), Kogin Msangazi ( 5,030 square kilometres (1,940 sq mi) ), Kogin Zigi, da Kogin Mkulumuzi da sauran kogunan bakin teku ( 2,080 square kilometres (800 sq mi) ). [4] Duk waɗannan sun ɓace cikin Tekun Indiya. [5]
An kafa Hukumar Ruwa ta Pangani (PBWB) a watan Yulin 1991 a ƙarƙashin Dokar Amfani da Ruwa (Sarrafawa da Ka'idoji) Mai Lamba ta 42 ta 1974. Hedikwatarta tana cikin gundumar Moshi da ke yankin Kilimanjaro. Sauran ofisoshinta guda biyu suna Arusha da Tanga . [5] PBWB ta ƙunshi ƙwararru goma daga cibiyoyin gwamnati da ƙananan hukumomi masu zaman kansu, UWSAs, da sauran kwamitoci. [ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2018)">ana buƙatar ambato</span> ]
Tsarin kogin yana fuskantar matsin lamba saboda rashin amfani da ruwa mai karo da juna da kuma yawan ruwan da ake rabawa. Manoma da yawa sun dogara ne da kogin don ban ruwa. Ayyukan magudanar ruwa a gefen kogin sun rage kwararar ruwan kogin daga daruruwan mita cubic a kowace dakika zuwa kasa da 40 cubic metres per second (1,400 cu ft/s) . Wannan ya shafi al'ummomin bakin teku, waɗanda suka ga raguwar yawan kifaye da kutse a cikin ruwan gishiri [6] A shekara ta 2002, an kafa Aikin Gudanar da Tafkin Kogin Pangani don kula da albarkatun ruwan yankin. Yana samun taimakon fasaha daga Ƙungiyar Kula da Yanayi ta Duniya (IUCN), Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban SNV Netherlands, Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Jamus ta GIZ da ƙungiyar PAMOJA ta gida. [6] Aikin kuma yana karɓar kuɗi daga gwamnatin Tanzania, IUCN, Hukumar Turai, da Cibiyar Muhalli ta Duniya ta hanyar Shirin Ci Gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya . [6]
Kasuwanci
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Akwai ciniki mai yawa a nan, jiragen ruwa suna lodawa da sauke kaya a kogin. Ana kawo amfanin gona daga kogin, galibi a kan kwale-kwalen da aka yi da itacen dabino na Moale, wanda daga baya ake raba su su zama kayan kasuwanci. A shekarar 1878, an ruwaito cewa amfanin gona da aka fi nomawa a gefen kogin shine sukari.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Page Samfuri:Reflist/styles.css has no content.
- ↑ "Entry "Pangani" in the German Koloniallexikon". Archived from the original on 2014-10-11. Retrieved 2011-12-10.
- 1 2 New, Charles (1875). "Journey from the Pangani, via Wadigo, to Mombasa". Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of London. 19 (5): 317–323. doi:10.2307/1799979. JSTOR 1799979. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "BritainShaw1875" defined multiple times with different content. - 1 2 "Pangani Basin". IWMNet. Archived from the original on 18 February 2012. Retrieved 12 October 2011. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "iwmnet.eu" defined multiple times with different content. - ↑ "Pangani Basin Water Board". Mini Grids Information Portal. Archived from the original on 27 March 2020. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
- 1 2 "Pangani Basin". Pangani Basin Water Board. Archived from the original on 2011-10-21. Retrieved 9 October 2011. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "PBWB" defined multiple times with different content. - 1 2 3 "Pangani River Basin". International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 July 2018.