Rage gubar
| Iri | aiki |
|---|---|
Rage gubar ya haɗa da ayyukan rage fenti na gubar, kamar dubawa, kimantawa na haɗari, da kuma cirewa. Dole ne masu ilimi, masu ƙwarewa masu ƙwarewar ƙwarewa tare da ƙa'idodin aminci masu dacewa su yi raguwar gubar. Manufar ita ce kawar da haɗarin fenti na dindindin, kamar mummunar lalacewar lafiya ta dindindin da ba za a iya gyarawa ba saboda guba a cikin yara. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman a cikin mahalli na gida da kuma kowane wurin da yara ke ziyarta akai-akai, musamman waɗanda aka gina kafin 1978. [1] [2][3]
Hanyoyi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Gidaje
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban na rage gubar don cire fenti na gubar da gubar a cikin dusar gida. Encapsulation da enclosure suna sa haɗarin fentin gubar ba za a iya isa ba, yayin da cire sinadarai, cire abrasives, cirewa da hannu, da maye gurbin bangarori suna da tasiri wajen cire fentin gubara daga gidaje har abada.[5] Encapsulation yana nufin dabarar da ke rufe dukkan wuraren da aka gurɓata da gubar tare da murfin ruwa na musamman, wanda ke ba da shingen dindindin da tasiri kuma yana hana a saki ƙurar gubar. Rufewa yana nufin rufe duk wuraren da aka gurɓata da gubar tare da tsayayyen shingen ƙura, wanda ke da tasiri wajen ba da fallasa yara ga fentin gubar mai cutarwa amma ba mafita ce ta dindindin ba. Cirewa shine aikin cirewa, cirewa, zubar da ruwa, da fashewar fenti na gubar daga wuraren da aka gurbata. Canja wuri shine cirewa mai sauƙi da maye gurbin abubuwa kawai da aka gurɓata da gubar, kamar ƙofofin da aka fentin gubar da windows.[5] Koyaya, ayyukan rage gubar na zama suna da tsada sosai, kuma wasu ayyukan ba su da tasiri kuma suna iya kara tsananta halin da ake ciki a yanzu.[4][5]
Ƙasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]ƙasa mai gurɓataccen gubar tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin guba ga yara a Amurka. Ƙasa tare da gubar sun fi shahara a cikin birane da kuma kusa da tsofaffin gidaje da wuraren da aka gina kafin 1978 (wanda aka fi sani da gidaje masu manufa). [6][7] Lead na iya shiga cikin ƙasa ta hanyar ajiya daga man fetur mai gubar (wanda aka haramta a Amurka a cikin 1996 ta Dokar Tsabtace Ruwa), lalacewar fenti mai gubar a kan wuraren fenti da ke kusa, kayan fenti na gubar waje da ƙura, da wuraren masana'antu.[7][6] Yana da mahimmanci a zubar da ƙasa mai gurbataccen gubar da wuri-wuri. Don kimanta haɗari,US EPA ta Amurka ta ba da shawarar cewa ana ɗaukar samfurori fiye da ƙura biyu da ƙasa.[6] Fasahar gyare-gyare da hanyoyin da aka gurɓata don ƙasa sun haɗa da tonowa da zubar da wuri don cire ƙasa mai gurɓata daga shafin har abada, fasahar hanawa (kamar rufe asphalt) don rage bayyanar lafiyar ɗan adam da haɗari, da dabarun gargajiya (kamar wanka da daidaita ƙasa). [7] Bugu da kari, yana da mahimmanci cewa akwai cikakken fahimtar ƙasa ta mutane game da haɗari da kuma cirewa da kyau na gurbataccen ƙasa. Ana iya samun takamaiman jagororin hukuma don cirewa ko rufe ƙasa mai gurbataccen gubar a cikin batutuwan jagorar EPA ta Amurka a cikin 1994, wanda aka fi sani da Sashe na 403 Jagora. [6]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Lead Abatement vs. Lead RRP". US EPA: Lead. United States Environmental Protection Agency. December 28, 2015.
- ↑ "Evaluating and Eliminating Lead-Based Paint Hazards". US EPA: Lead. United States Environmental Protection Agency. October 13, 2015.
- ↑ Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (August 29, 1996). "Lead; Requirements for Lead-Based Paint Activities in Target Housing and Child-Occupied Facilities" (PDF). Federal Register. 61.
- 1 2 "Tips on How to Remove Lead-Based Paint From Buildings". The Balance Small Business (in Turanci). Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":2" defined multiple times with different content. - 1 2 3 O'Connor, David; Hou, Deyi; Ye, Jing; Zhang, Yunhui; Ok, Yong Sik; Song, Yinan; Coulon, Frederic; Peng, Tianyue; Tian, Li (2018). "Lead-based paint remains a major public health concern: A critical review of global production, trade, use, exposure, health risk, and implications". Environment International (in Turanci). 121 (Pt 1): 85–101. Bibcode:2018EnInt.121...85O. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.052. ISSN 0160-4120. PMID 30179767. S2CID 52160494.
- 1 2 3 4 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (August 29, 1996). "Lead; Requirements for Lead-Based Paint Activities in Target Housing and Child-Occupied Facilities" (PDF). Federal Register. 61.
- 1 2 3 O'Connor, David; Hou, Deyi; Ye, Jing; Zhang, Yunhui; Ok, Yong Sik; Song, Yinan; Coulon, Frederic; Peng, Tianyue; Tian, Li (2018). "Lead-based paint remains a major public health concern: A critical review of global production, trade, use, exposure, health risk, and implications". Environment International (in Turanci). 121 (Pt 1): 85–101. Bibcode:2018EnInt.121...85O. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.052. ISSN 0160-4120. PMID 30179767. S2CID 52160494.