Rage haɗarin bala'i
 Rage haɗarin bala'i | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
risk control (en)  |
| Bangare na |
risk management (en) |
| Fuskar |
disaster risk (en) |
| Has cause (en) |
hazard map (en) |
| Relates to sustainable development goal, target or indicator (en) |
Indicator 1.5.4 of the Sustainable Development Goals (en) |
Rage haɗarin bala'i yana da nufin sanya bala'o'i ƙasa da yiwuwar faruwa. Hanyar, wanda kuma ake kira DRR ko gudanar da haɗarin bala'i, kuma yana da nufin sanya bala'o'i su ragu idan sun faru. DRR na nufin sanya al'ummomi su kasance masu ƙarfi da shiri don magance bala'i. A fannin fasaha, yana da nufin sanya su zama masu juriya ko rashin rauni. Lokacin da DRR ya yi nasara, yana sa al'ummomi su zama masu rauni saboda yana rage tasirin bala'i.[1] Wannan yana nufin DRR na iya sa al'amuran haɗari su yi ƙasa da ƙasa mai tsanani. Canjin yanayi na iya ƙara haɗarin yanayi. Don haka ƙoƙarin ci gaba sau da yawa yana la'akari da DRR da daidaita canjin yanayi tare.
Yana yiwuwa a haɗa DRR a kusan dukkanin sassan ci gaba da ayyukan jin kai. Mutane daga al'ummomin gida, hukumomi ko gwamnatocin tarayya duk na iya ba da shawarar dabarun DRR. Manufofin DRR suna nufin "bayyana maƙasudi da manufofi a cikin ma'auni daban-daban kuma tare da takamaiman maƙasudi, alamomi da firam ɗin lokaci.": 16
Akwai wasu ƙalubale don nasara DRR. Ya kamata al'ummomin gida da ƙungiyoyi su kasance da himma a cikin tsarin tsarawa. Ya kamata a yi la’akari da rawar da kananan hukumomi ke takawa. Har ila yau, dabarun DRR ya kamata su kula da bangarorin jinsi. Alal misali, bincike ya nuna cewa mata da 'yan mata suna fama da bala'i ba daidai ba.[4] Hanyar da ta dace da jinsi za ta gano yadda bala'i ke shafar maza, mata, yara maza da 'yan mata daban-daban. Zai tsara manufofin da ke magance takamaiman raunin mutane da bukatunsu.[2]
Tsarin Sendai don Rage Hadarin Bala'i wani shiri ne na kasa da kasa wanda ya taimaka wa kasashe 123 su rungumi dabarun DRR na tarayya da na gida (kamar na 2022). Ranar Rage Hatsarin Bala'i ta Duniya, a ranar 13 ga Oktoba kowace shekara, ta taimaka wajen haɓaka hangen nesa na DRR. Yana da nufin haɓaka al'adar rigakafi.
Bayar da kashewa akan DRR yana da wahala a ƙididdige shi ga ƙasashe da yawa. Ƙididdiga ta duniya don haka babu samuwa. Koyaya, ana ba da nunin farashin ga ƙasashe masu tasowa da dalar Amurka biliyan 215 zuwa dala biliyan 387 a kowace shekara (har zuwa 2030) ƙimar da aka ƙiyasta don daidaita yanayin yanayi. DRR da daidaita yanayin yanayi suna raba manufa da dabaru iri ɗaya. Dukkansu biyun suna buƙatar ƙarin kuɗi don magance hauhawar haɗarin yanayi[3]: 49
Ayyukan DRR wani ɓangare ne na dabarun ƙasa da tsara kasafin kuɗi a yawancin ƙasashe. Koyaya, fifikon DRR galibi suna ƙasa da na sauran abubuwan ci gaba. Wannan yana da tasiri kan kasaftar kasafin kudin sassan gwamnati. Ga ƙasashe da yawa, ƙasa da 1% na kasafin kuɗin ƙasa yana samuwa don ayyukan DRR: 51 Cibiyar Rage Bala'i da Farfadowa ta Duniya (GFDRR) haɗin gwiwa ne na masu ba da gudummawa da yawa don tallafawa ƙasashe masu tasowa don sarrafa haɗarin haɗin gwiwa na haɗarin yanayi da haɗarin yanayi. Tsakanin 2007 da 2022, GFDRR ya ba da dala miliyan 890 a cikin taimakon fasaha, nazari, da tallafin haɓaka iya aiki zuwa fiye da ƙasashe 157: 54
Ma'anoni da iyaka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ofishin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don Rage Hadarin Bala'i (UNDRR) ya ayyana raguwar haɗarin bala'i (DRR) a matsayin ayyukan da ke nufin "hana sabbin da rage haɗarin bala'i da sarrafa ragowar haɗarin, waɗanda duk suna ba da gudummawa ga ƙarfafa juriya don haka don cimma nasarar ci gaba mai dorewa"[4]:
Hadarin bala'i shine yuwuwar asarar rayuka, rauni, ko lalata ko lalata dukiyoyi waɗanda zasu iya tasiri ga al'umma ko al'umma. Haɗarin bala'i yana haifar da hulɗar abubuwa uku: haɗari (s), rauni da fallasa.
Rage haɗarin bala'i yana da yawa: Iyalinsa ya fi faɗi da zurfi fiye da sarrafa gaggawa na al'ada. Manufofin DRR sun yi daidai da yawancin sassan ci gaba da ayyukan jin kai.
DRR irin wannan ra'ayi ne mai ɗaukar nauyi wanda ya tabbatar da wahala a ayyana ko bayyana dalla-dalla, kodayake faffadan ra'ayin ya fito fili. An fahimci gabaɗaya yana nufin haɓaka haɓakawa da aiwatar da manufofi, dabaru, da ayyuka don rage rauni da haɗarin bala'i a cikin al'umma. An bayyana manufofinta da manufofinta a cikin dabarun rage haɗarin bala'i da tsare-tsare[5]: 16
Ana amfani da kalmar kula da haɗarin bala'i (DRM) sau da yawa a cikin mahallin guda kuma don ma'anar abu ɗaya. Wannan tsari ne mai tsari don ganowa, tantancewa, da rage haɗarin da ke tattare da haɗari da ayyukan ɗan adam. An fi amfani da DRM yadda ya kamata ga sassan aiki na DRR: aiwatar da ayyukan DRR mai amfani. A wasu kalmomi, rage haɗarin bala'i shine manufar manufofin kula da hadarin bala'i.[6]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ UNGA (2016). Report of the open-ended intergovernmental expert working group on indicators and terminology for disaster risk reduction. United Nations General Assembly (UNGA
- ↑ Neumayer, Eric; Plümper, Thomas (2007). "The Gendered Nature of Natural Disasters: The Impact of Catastrophic Events on the Gender Gap in Life Expectancy, 1981–2002". Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 97 (3): 551–566. Bibcode:2007AAAG...97..551N. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8306.2007.00563.x. ISSN 0004-5608
- ↑ UNDRR (2023). The Report of the Midterm Review of the Implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030. UNDRR: Geneva, Switzerland.
- ↑ UNGA (2016). Report of the open-ended intergovernmental expert working group on indicators and terminology for disaster risk reduction. United Nations General Assembly (UNGA
- ↑ Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)". WMO Community Platform. World Meteorological Organization (WMO). n.d. Retrieved May 29, 2022. Disaster risk management (DRM) comprises processes and actions to achieve [DRR] objective[s
- ↑ Proag, Virenda (2014). "The concept of vulnerability and resilience". Procedia Economics and Finance. 18: 369–376