Ragowar Omo

Ragowar Omo
Hominin fossil (en)
Wuri
4°48′01″N 35°58′01″E

Kayan halittar shugaban Omo hominin a cikin Musée des Civilisations Noires de Dakar (Sénégal).

Ragowar Omo tarin ƙasusuwan hominin ne da aka gano tsakanin 1967 da 1974 a wuraren Omo Kibish kusa da Kogin Omo, a cikin Omo National Park a kudu maso yammacin Habasha. Kungiyar kimiyya ta dawo da ƙasusuwan daga Gidan Tarihi na Kasa na Kenya wanda Richard Leakey da sauransu suka jagoranta. Ragowar daga Hominid Site (KHS) na Kamoya an kira su Omo I kuma waɗanda ke daga Hominid Site (PHS) na Paul I. Abell an kira su omo II.

Abubuwan da aka samo asali

Kasusuwan da aka samo sun haɗa da bangarori biyu, ƙuƙwalwa huɗu, legbone, kusan hakora ɗari biyu, da sauran ɓangarorin burbushin halittu da yawa. Dukkanin samfurori, Omo I da Omo II, an rarraba su a matsayin mutane na zamani (Homo sapiens), amma sun bambanta da juna a cikin halaye na morphological. Abubuwan burbushin Omo I sun nuna wasu halaye na zamani, yayin da nazarin ragowar bayan kwakwalwa na Omo II ya nuna yanayin ɗan adam na zamani tare da wasu siffofi na asali. An samo burbushin a cikin wani Layer na tuff, tsakanin ƙananan, tsofaffin Layer na geologic mai suna Member I da kuma mafi girma, sabon Layer mai suna Member III. An ɗauki burbushin Omo I da Omo II daga irin wannan matakan stratigraphic a sama da Member I.

Saboda iyakantaccen fauna da 'yan kayan tarihi na dutse da aka samo a shafukan lokacin da aka gano ragowar Omo na asali, asalin da kuma kimanta shekarun Kibish hominids ba su da tabbas. A shekara ta 2008, an gano sabbin kasusuwa daga shafin Hominid na Awoke (AHS). An gano burbushin burbushin AHS da fibula daga Member I, wannan Layer daga inda sauran Omo suka samo asali.

Tattaunawa da abubuwan da ke tattare da shi

Kimanin shekaru 30 bayan binciken asali, an gudanar da cikakken bincike na yankin da ke kewaye da burbushin. Layer na memba ya kasance argon-da aka rubuta shekaru 195,000 da suka gabata, kuma (mafi girman Layer) Member III an rubuta shi zuwa shekaru 105,000 da suka wuce. Yawancin bayanan lithic na baya-bayan nan sun tabbatar da fasahar kayan aiki daga Members I da III zuwa Middle Stone Age.

Ƙananan Layer, Member I, (a ƙasa da burbushin) ya fi tsufa fiye da Herto mai shekaru 160,000 ya kasance an sanya shi a matsayin Homo sapiens idaltu. Yanayin ruwan sama a wannan lokacin - wanda aka sani daga shekarun isotopic a kan Tsarin Kibish wanda ya dace da shekarun sapropels na Bahar Rum - yana nuna karuwar kwararar Kogin Nilu kuma, sabili da haka, karuwar kwarara na Kogin Omo. Amma yanayin ya canza kamar haka, bayan shekaru 185,000 da suka gabata yanayin ya bushe sosai don kada a ba da damar speleothems su girma a cikin koguna a yankin Levantine, hanya mai mahimmanci don ƙaura zuwa Eurasia.

Sassan burbushin sune na farko da Leakey ya rarraba a matsayin Homo sapiens .A shekara ta 2004, an tsara yadudduka na geological a kusa da burbushin, tare da shekarun "Kibish hominids" da aka kiyasta a 195±5 ka [shekaru dubu da suka gabata].A wani lokaci, waɗannan sune burbushin da aka fi sani da aka rarraba a matsayin H. sapiens (Florisbad Skull ya tsufa, amma rarraba shi a matsayin H".H. sapiens an yi jayayya). Tare da kwanan wata na Jebel Irhoud 1-5 zuwa kafin 250 ka (315 ± 34 ka, da 286±32 ka) a cikin 2017, da kuma rarraba Florisbad Skull a matsayin H. sapiens, wannan ba haka ba ne.

A cikin 2022, binciken da Vidal et al. suka yi ya gano shekarun da suka gabata ga burbushin Omo fiye da yadda aka ruwaito a baya, sake duba ranar da aka ba su kamar yadda, mafi ƙarancin kwanan wata kusan shekaru 233,000.