Rahamna

Miloud bin Al-Hashimi Al-Ayyadi, wanda Abd al-Hafid na Maroko ya nada shi qaid na Rahamna

Rahamna (Yaren Larabci ne ), wanda kuma aka rubuta Rehamna ko Rhamna, ƙabilar Larabawa ce da ta fito daga ƙabilar Banu Ma’qil ta Yaman . A yau suna cikin yankin Arewacin Marrakesh amma sun fara zama a Arewacin Sahara tsakanin ƙarni na 13th zuwa 15th. Mutanensu sun fito ne daga wani sanannen kaka guda, wato Rahmoun bin Rizq bin Oudi bin Hassan ( Arabic ). Rahamna, a cewar Farfesa Abdul Rahim al-Otri, daya ne daga cikin kabilun Larabawa da suka zo Maroko daga yankin Larabawa ta kasar Masar da Libya, sannan zuwa Mauritania da Maroko, kafin su zauna a yankin Marrakesh - Al Haouz . Wannan ƙaura ta ƙetare ya bai wa ƙabilar cakuda asali da alaƙar ƙabilanci kuma ta haifar da dangi da yawa waɗanda suka ƙunshi sassan Larabawa, Berber da Afirka. Suna da alaƙa da kabilar Yagout (wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar kabilar Tekna ), waɗanda ke zaune a Yammacin Sahara .

Tarihi

Rahamna a cikin Sahara

Rahamna sun fara zama a Sahara kamar sauran kabilun larabawan Maqil. Masana kuma marubutan tarihi kamar Valentim Fernandes da Luis del Mármol Carvajal sun bayyana Rahamna a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi iko da yawa na Sahara. Sun yi Kiwon dabbobi da yawa da ke da alaƙa da iyakanceccen noman hatsi, don haka suna da alkama, nama da zuma idan aka kwatanta da Oudaya da Berabish waɗanda ke rayuwa ne kawai a kan madarar raƙumi. Rahamna sun kasance 'yan kasuwa kuma sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a cinikayya tsakanin Basin Neja da kudu maso yammacin Morocco.

Rahamna a ƙarƙashin Saadians

A farkon karni na 16th, Portuguese sun karkatar da hanyoyin gargajiya na cinikin zinariya da bayi zuwa gabar tekun Atlantika wanda ya shafi tattalin arzikin Maroko wanda ya haifar da kawance tsakanin Rahamna da Saadians. A shekara ta alif dari biyar da ashirin da biyar 1525, sun taru tare da Mohammed al-Shaykh don yaƙi da Portuguese a Agadir (Santa Cruz), Mogador, Safi da Mazagan . A rabi na biyu na karni na 16th, sun zauna a wani fili mai faɗi a arewacin Marrakesh wanda a baya ƙungiyar ƙabilar Haskoura ta Berber ta zauna.

Wasu kafofin kamar Marmol sun tabbatar da cewa Mohammed al-Shaykh ya ba Rahamna lada saboda ayyukansu na jihadi ta hanyar ba su yankin Tamesna. Duk da kusanci na Rahamna da Saadians, Rahamna ba su da alaƙa da Saadian ko Alaouite guich amma suna daga cikin kabilun naiba da ke biyan haraji kuma sun sanya dakarun mahayan da sojoji a ƙarƙashin umarnin tsakiyar Makhzen. Saadians sun saba da ɗaukar mata daga Rahamna tare da sanannen misali shine Sahaba al-Rehmania wanda ya haifi 'ya'ya maza 4.

Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan 'ya'ya maza shine Abd al-Malik Saadi wanda ya mutu a Yaƙin Alcácer Quibir kuma tare da mahaifiyarsa, ya tafi Constantinople kuma ya nemi goyon bayan Daular Ottoman don da'awarsa a kan kursiyin Maroko.

Rahamna a ƙarƙashin Alaouites

Daga karni na 18th zuwa gaba, Rahamna sun kasance rukuni mai iko wanda ke mamaye Haouz. Sultans na Alaouite sun dogara da su don kiyaye tsari tsakanin sauran kabilun a yankin, kuma sun tuntubi gwamnonin su da wasu daga cikin faqihs don nada shugabannin Haouz. Wani dahir ya bayyana Rahamna a matsayin "wanda aka rarrabe ta hanyar horo, sadaukarwarsu, ayyukansu da kuma kyakkyawar fahimta da kykkyawar ,ua/amala acikin al'umma". Wata wasika daga Makhzen ta ambaci su Sultan Mohammed ben Abdallah "ya dogara da su, ya rarrabe su kuma ya yi amfani da su fiye da duk dakarun da ke cikin sojojinsa, saboda za su iya maye gurbin su duka". Wannan fahimta tana nufin cewa a karkashin Mohammed ibn Abdallah Rahamna ya ji daɗin wani gata tun lokacin da sultan ya gan su a matsayin ƙarfin da zai iya dogaro da shi. Ya zaɓi Mohamed ben Oumrane Rehmâni a matsayin vizier kuma ya sanya shi a matsayin Khalifa na Marrakech da kewayenta. Ya kuma auri El Bathul, 'yar qaid Abdallah Rehmâni kuma ya aika da ɗan'uwanta Mohamed Ezouine a ofishin jakadanci ga sultan Ottoman Abdul Hamid I .

Suna da irin wannan matsayi mai daraja a ƙarƙashin Moulay Slimane wanda ya rubuta a cikin wata wasika da aka aika musu "Tun lokacin da na hau mulki, koyaushe kun amfana da yabo; Na sanya ku a kan shugaban Souss da Draa; Na danƙa muku da gudanarwar Marrakech; Na fi son ku a kan dukkan sauran kabilun; Na nada Ezzouine a kan shugaban Haouz kuma a matsayin vizier da mai ba da shawara... kai ne dome na Haouz da zuciyarsa... Ba ni da wani abu da ya fi ka ƙauna. "

Rahamna sun kasance matsala ga Makhzen a ƙarshen karni na 19 da farkon karni na 20th saboda ba su watsar da salon rayuwarsu na nomadic ba kuma sun zauna. Yahudawa na Marrakesh sun kasance masu kai hari akai-akai daga Rahamna wanda ya kai hari ga mellah a cikin shekara ta alif dari tara da bakwai 1907 yana buƙatar tilasta aiwatar da ka'idojin dhimmi a matsayin yanayin hana wani kewaye. Yawancin matalauta Rahamna sun yi ƙaura zuwa birnin Marrakesh tare da wasu masu arziki da ke da gidaje a can. A lokacin, su ne mafi girman kabilar a Marrakesh wanda ya kai kashi ɗaya bisa uku na yawan jama'a; sun fi mayar da hankali a arewa maso gabashin birnin kusa da Zawiya na Sidi Bel Abbes . A cikin shekara ta alif dari tara da shida 1906, yawan mutanen Marrakech ya kasance kimanin mutum 50,000 zuwa 60,000. Rahamna ya yi tsayayya da maye gurbin Abdelaziz na Maroko a shekara ta alif dari takwas da casin da hudu 1894 kuma saboda wannan adawa babban vizier da Regent Ba Ahmed ya murkushe su. Lokacin da Abd al-Hafid, ɗan'uwan Abd al-Aziz, ya yi wa Abd al-Аziz juyin mulki, sun ba da goyon baya ga Abd al-Safid wani bangare saboda tunanin da aka yi a baya a ƙarƙashin Abd al-Bziz da alakarsa da Turawa.

A lokacin tashiwar Ahmed Al-Hiba, Rahamna sun kasu kashi biyu: masu goyon bayan Glawa da masu goyon bayan Mtougga (Glawa da Mtougga duka suna cikin "Lords of the Atlas"). Yayinda ɓangaren masu goyon bayan Glawa ya zo tare da Faransanci, ɓangaren masu adawa da Mtougga ya goyi bayan jihadi na Ahmed al-Hiba. Al-Ayyadi bin al-Hashimi ne ya jagoranci ƙungiyar masu goyon bayan Glawa yayin da Abd al-Salam al-Barbushi ne ya jagoranci ɓangaren masu goyon bayan Mtougga. A cikin shekara ta alif dari da sha biyu 1912, yankin Rahamna shine wurin Yaƙin Sidi Bou Othman, yaƙi a lokacin da Faransa ta ci Morocco . Rashin nasarar Ahmed al-Hiba a wannan yaƙin ya haifar da kama Marrakesh washegari.

Al'adu

Kamar Bedouins, Rahamna suna yin Tbourida, wasan kwaikwayon doki wanda ke kwaikwayon jerin wasannin dakarun soja wanda aka fi sani atsaye. Sun yarda cewa dawakai suna wakiltar daraja da jaruntaka kuma suna da albarka ga gida ko da lokacin da fari da farashi mai yawa ya dakatar da bukukuwan shekaru da yawa. Maza da mata suna shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayon. Ƙabilar Rahamna sananniya ce saboda kwarewar su a wajen salon kiɗa 'Yan Bedouin da ake kira "Aita", wanda maza da mata ke yi. Mata a ƙauyuka a yankin Rahamna suna taruwa a ranar Jumma'a a gidan wani don yin aiki tare don yin couscous tare da wasu suna shirya hatsi na couscou wasu kuma suna shirya kayan lambu. Sau da yawa ana amfani da wannan a matsayin lokaci don kamawa da tsegumi. Kiwon ƙudan zuma da samar da zuma ya zama ruwan dare a lardin Rahamna.

Kayan ado

Ɗaya daga cikin alamun gano yan ƙabilar shine kafet da mata suka sarrafawa don amfanin su ko su sayar a kasuwa. Akwai nau'ikan katako guda biyu da Rahamna da kabilun suka yi a yankin Rahamna. Na farko ja ne ba tare da alamu ko dalilai ba tare da ɗayan yana karɓar ra'ayoyinsa da ƙirar asali daga flatweaves. Bambance-bambance tsakanin su biyu kadan ne.

Kara fadada bincike

• Beni Khirane
• Ahl Rachida
• Azwafit
• Marrakesh-Safi
• Tarihin Yahudawa a Maroko