Jump to content

Rahoto game da maido da al'adun Afirka

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Rahoto game da maido da al'adun Afirka
report (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Laƙabi Rapport sur la restitution du patrimoine culturel africain
Muhimmin darasi Q81843861 Fassara
Mawallafi Felwine Sarr (mul) Fassara da Bénédicte Savoy (en) Fassara
Maɗabba'a Éditions Philippe Rey (en) Fassara
Ranar wallafa Nuwamba, 2018
Harshen aiki ko suna Faransanci

Maido da Al'adun Afirka. Toward a New Relational Ethics (a Faransanci: Rahoton kan maido da al'adun al'adun Afirka. Vers une nouvelle éthique relationnelle) rahoto ne da masanin kimiyya da marubucin Senegal Felwine Sarr da masanin tarihin fasaha na Faransa Bénédicte Savoy suka rubuta, wanda aka fara buga shi a kan layi a watan Nuwamba 2018 a cikin asalin Faransanci da fassarar Turanci da aka ba da izini.[1] (a cikin Faransanci: Rapport sur la restitution du patrimoine culturel africain. Vers une nouvelle éthique relationnelle) wani rahoto ne da masanin kimiyya da marubucin Senegalese Felwine Sarr da masanin tarihin fasaha na Faransa Bénédicte Savoy suka rubuta, wanda aka fara buga shi a kan layi a watan Nuwamba na 2018 a cikin asalin Faransanci da fassarar Turanci mai izini.

shugaban Faransa, Emmanuel Macron, ya ba da izini, manufar rahoton ita ce ta tantance tarihin da halin yanzu na tarin kayan fasaha na Faransa na jama'a wanda ya samo asali ne daga abubuwan da ba bisa ka'ida ba ko kuma masu jayayya, da kuma da'awar da kuma shirin don matakan da za su biyo baya don maidowa na ƙarshe. Fiye da haka, rahoton ya gabatar da shawarwari don shirya maidowa, kamar hadin gwiwar al'adu na kasa da kasa, bincike na asali, tsarin shari'a, kuma ya ƙare tare da jerin abubuwan al'adu da ke ciki, da kuma hanyoyin gabatar da su a nan gaba a gidajen tarihi na Afirka.

Kwamitin wannan rahoto ya nuna karo na farko da shugaban Faransa ya sanar da maido da kayan tarihi na Afirka, kuma tun daga lokacin ya haifar da muhawara da shirye-shirye da yawa don kawar da mulkin mallaka na gidajen tarihi a kasashe da yawa.

A cikin 2020, rahoton su da martani na jama'a sun sami Bénédicte Savoy da Felwine Sarr matsayi na uku a cikin matsayi na shekara-shekara na "mutanen da suka fi tasiri a duniyar fasaha ta duniya", wanda mujallar ArtReview ta kafa; [1] da mujallar Time sun lissafa su cikin "Mutanen 100 da suka fi dacewa na 2021".

Siffar sarauta daga masarautar tarihi ta Dahomey, tana wakiltar Sarki Béhanzin tare da siffofin shark

Tarihi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Rahoton ya biyo bayan jawabin da Emmanuel Macron, shugaban Faransa, ya yi a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba 2017 a Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, inda ya yi magana game da manufofin Faransa a yankin Sahara na Afirka.[2] Shugaban Faransa ya ba da umarni ga malamai biyu don tantance tarihin da abun da ke cikin tarin mallakar gwamnati a Faransa, da kuma da'awar da dalilai da matakan da suka biyo baya don maidowa. An bayyana dalilin da ya sa ya sake fasalin manufofin al'adu na Faransa game da Afirka a cikin waɗannan kalmomi: "Na fito ne daga ƙarni na mutanen Faransa waɗanda ba za a iya jayayya da laifukan mulkin mallaka na Turai ba kuma suna cikin tarihinmu".[2]

A karo na farko, shugaban Faransa da gwamnatinsa sun amince da haƙƙin ɗabi'a na maido da Al'adun al'adu, abubuwan da, bisa ga dokar Faransa, ana ɗaukar su mallakar ƙasar Faransa.[3] Wadanda suka riga Macron ba su taba tallafawa dawowar kayan tarihi na Afirka da sauran kayan al'adu a Faransa ba; alal misali, Jacques Chirac ya goyi bayan tarin fasahar Afirka kuma an ambaci sunansa a cikin taken hukuma na Musée du quai Branly - Jacques Chiraz . [Littafi na 1]Saboda haka an dauki sanarwar Macron a matsayin tarihi, ba tare da la'akari da yawan fasaha da za a mayar da ita ga kasashen Afirka ba.[4]

An gabatar da rahoton ga jama'a a ranar 23 ga Nuwamba 2018, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin ya haifar da martani da yawa a cikin tattaunawar Faransanci da ta duniya game da ikirarin dawo da Fasahar Afirka daga gidajen tarihi a Turai ko Amurka.[5][6] Duk da sanarwar da Macron ya yi game da maidowa a kan lokaci, bukatun doka don irin wannan maidowa suna haifar da matsaloli masu yawa: a Faransa, duk kadarorin jama'a, gami da abinda ke cikin tarin mallakar jama'a.[7]

Marubutan da aikinsu

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Siffar daga Najeriya a cikin Musée du quai Branly, Paris, Faransa

Masanin kimiyyar zamantakewar jama'a na Senegal, mawaƙi kuma masanin tattalin arziki Felwine Sarr ya zama sananne ne saboda rubutun Afrotopia, [8] inda ya gabatar da ka'idojin mulkin mallaka don fahimtar kasashen Afirka na yanzu da na gaba. Ya yi jayayya cewa bai kamata a kawo ci gaba da ci gaban dimokuradiyya na Afirka ba ta hanyar sake fasalin samfuran Yammaci; maimakon haka ya kamata Afirka ta sake kirkirar kanta ta hanyar hada al'adun gargajiya da na zamani na tsarin zamantakewa.[9] Jawabinsa da bincike na ilimi suna mai da hankali kan ka'idar postcolonial, manufofin tattalin arziki, ci gaba, tattalin arziki, tattalin arziki da tarihin ra'ayoyin addini.[10] Tsohon farfesa na tattalin arziki a Jami'ar Gaston Berger (Senegal), ya shiga Jami'ar Duke a Amurka a shekarar 2020.[11]

Masanin tarihin fasaha na Faransa Bénédicte Savoy yana koyar da tarihin fasaha a Technische Universität Berlin a Jamus kuma farfesa ne a Collège de France a Paris . Savoy ta wallafa ayyuka da yawa a kan batutuwa kamar fasahar duniya a kasuwannin Yamma, a kan gidajen tarihi a cikin yanayin kasa da kasa ko kuma a kan cinikin al'adun al'adu ba bisa ka'ida ba. Tun lokacin da aka buga rahoton, ta kuma zama sananniya a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga maido da al'adun al'adun Afirka a cikin tarin Jamusanci kuma tana shiga cikin bincike da tattaunawar jama'a game da wannan batun.[12][13]

A cikin wasikar nadin sa, Macron ya umarci marubutan biyu da su shiga tattaunawa da bita tare da masu ruwa da tsaki daban-daban a Afirka da Faransa, gami da bincike kan tarihin mulkin mallaka na al'adun Afirka.::115 Bugu da ƙari, Macron ya nemi takamaiman shawarwari da jadawalin lokaci tare da ayyukan da aka gabatar don dawo da abubuwan al'adu. Ta hanyar sanarwa ta bayyane, "Tattaunawa da shiga dole ne su kasance tare da dukkan matakai na wannan aikin", ::104 Macron ba wai kawai ya nuna takamaiman hanyar ba, har ma ya buɗe ƙofar muhawara ta jama'a game da sabon manufofin al'adu da rahoton da ya haifar. Tun daga wannan lokacin, wannan muhawara ta jama'a ta kara tsanantawa a Afirka, Turai da Amurka. [14][15][6]

Halin da kasashen Afirka suka yi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Kamar yadda masu sharhi daga kasashen Afirka kamar Benin, Habasha, Mali, Najeriya, ko Namibia, na tsawon shekaru da yawa, suka yi buƙatun maidowa ga Faransa, Burtaniya, Jamus da sauran ƙasashe, : 23-26 rahoton da Sarr da Savoy suka yi ya haifar da maganganu masu kyau kuma ya haifar da babban tsammanin: Kwame Opoku, ɗan jaridar al'adu ta Ghana kuma tsohon ma'aikacin ofishin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Vienna, [16] ya ba da rahoton a cikin 2019 cewa Majalisar Dinkin duniya ta Gidajen Tarihin Afirka (AFRICOM) ta "ta da goyon baya" don maidoji kamar yadda rahoton Sarr / Savoy ya ba da shawarar.[17] Wasu masu kula da Afirka sun kuma mayar da martani ga shirye-shiryen Yammacin Turai guda ɗaya game da maidowa. Flower Manase, mai kula da Gidan Tarihi na Kasa na Tanzania, ya ce da farko, masana Afirka dole ne su shiga cikin daidaitattun abokan tarayya, su raba nasu labaran kuma su haɗa da al'ummomin asali.[18]

Sauran masu sharhi kan al'adun Afirka, kamar ɗan jaridar Tanzaniya Charles Kayuka, sun nuna yanayin kabilanci na Yammacin da ke nuna nune-nunen gidan kayan gargajiya, wanda ke bayyana dalilin da ya sa ba sa samun sha'awa sosai ga baƙi na cikin gida a Afirka.[19] Wata hujja game da tambayoyinsa game da muhimmancin al'adun gargajiya ga al'ummomin Afirka na zamani, na duniya:

A cikin rahoton su, Sarr da Savoy, duk da haka, sun yi la'akari da irin waɗannan bambance-bambance ta hanyar kiran hadin kan kasa da kasa da kuma sa hannu kan al'umma.: 85-86 Game da sakamakon Manufofin al'adu na kasa a jihohin Afirka, Felwine Sarr ya ce a wata hira da jaridar Jamus: [20]

Dubi kuma

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  • Fasahar Afirka a cikin tarin Yamma
  • Rashin sauka
  • Rashin mulkin mallaka na gidajen tarihi
  • Shirin Inventories na Duniya (aikin al'adun al'adu daga Kenya a cikin tarin Yamma)

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ ArtReview. "Power 100". artreview.com (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-09-21.
  2. 1 2 "Emmanuel Macron's speech at the University of Ouagadougou". elysee.fr (in Turanci). 28 November 2017. Retrieved 2019-07-26.
  3. ↑ Ellis, Adrian (5 April 2019). "Museums in the changing world order: restitution to Africa reaches tipping point". theartnewspaper.com. Retrieved 2019-07-27.
  4. ↑ Opoku, Kwame (10 December 2017). "Macron promises to return African artefacts in French museums: a new era in African-European relationships or a mirage?". Modern Ghana.
  5. ↑ "Submission of the Savoy/Sarr report on the restitution of African heritage". elysee.fr (in Faransanci). 23 November 2018. Retrieved 2019-07-20.
  6. 1 2 Hunt, Tristram; Hartmut Dorgerloh; Nicholas Thomas (27 November 2018). "Restitution Report: museum directors respond". www.theartnewspaper.com (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-08-05.
  7. ↑ "The Sarr-Savoy report & restituting colonial artifacts". Center for Art Law (in Turanci). 2019-01-31. Retrieved 2019-07-20.
  8. ↑ Boukari-Yabara, Amzat (2016). "Felwine Sarr. Afrotopia". Cairn. Retrieved 2019-07-26.
  9. ↑ "Afrotopia or The Future is Open". Akademie Schloss Solitude (in Turanci). 2019-04-30. Retrieved 2019-07-26.
  10. ↑ "Results for 'Felwine Sarr". worldcat.org (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-08-09.
  11. ↑ Forum for scholars and publics at Duke University. "Felwine Sarr". fsp.duke.edu (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-08-09.
  12. ↑ Technische Universität Berlin (2020-10-07). "Restitution of knowledge". www.tu.berlin (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-08-04.[permanent dead link]
  13. ↑ Shaw, Anny (21 October 2020). "Black Lives Matter movement is speeding up repatriation efforts, leading French art historian says". www.theartnewspaper.com (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-08-04.
  14. ↑ Opoku, Kwame (21 May 2019). "Coordination of African Positions on Restitution Matters". Modern Ghana (in Turanci). Retrieved 2019-07-31.
  15. ↑ Scher, Robin (2019-06-11). "Better Safe Than Sorry: American Museums Take Measures Mindful of Repatriation of African Art". ARTnews (in Turanci). Retrieved 2019-07-26.
  16. ↑ "Ombudsman appointed for UN in Vienna". www.un.org. 2003-04-09. Retrieved 2021-08-09.
  17. ↑ Opoku, Kwame (21 May 2019). "Coordination of African Positions on Restitution Matters". Modern Ghana (in Turanci). Retrieved 2019-07-31.
  18. ↑ Manase, Flower (May 2020). "From the vision to the practice of restitution". www.goethe.de (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-08-05.
  19. ↑ Bloch, Werner (26 February 2019). "Tansania und die Kolonialzeit - Der afrikanische Blick". Deutschlandfunk Kultur (in Jamusanci). Retrieved 2019-07-27.
  20. ↑ Savoy, Bénédicte; Felwine Sarr (18 January 2019). "Europa ist auf einem Auge blind". www.tagesspiegel.de (in Jamusanci). Retrieved 2019-07-27.
Daga "https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rahoto_game_da_maido_da_al%27adun_Afirka&oldid=837200"